fort failed once local California newspapers came into prominence.

[27]
On September 14, 1857, the newspaper officially shortened its name to The New-York Times.
The hyphen in the city name was dropped on December 1, 1896. [28] On April 21, 1861, The
New York Times began publishing a Sunday edition to offer daily coverage of the Civil War.
The main office of The New York Times was attacked during the New York City draft riots. The
riots, sparked by the institution of a draft for the Union Army, began on July 13, 1863. On
"Newspaper Row", across from City Hall, co-founder Henry Raymond stopped the rioters
with Gatling guns, early machine guns, one of which he wielded himself. The mob diverted,
instead attacking the headquarters of abolitionist publisher Horace Greeley's New York
Tribune until being forced to flee by the Brooklyn City Police, who had crossed the East
River to help the Manhattan authorities.[29]
In 1869, Henry Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. [30]

The Times Square Building, The New York Times' publishing headquarters, 1913–2007

The newspaper's influence grew in 1870 and 1871, when it published a series of exposés
on William Tweed, leader of the city's Democratic Party — popularly known as "Tammany Hall"
(from its early-19th-century meeting headquarters) — that led to the end of the Tweed Ring's
domination of New York's City Hall. [31] Tweed had offered The New York Times five million
dollars (equivalent to 113 million dollars in 2021) to not publish the story.[23]
In the 1880s, The New York Times gradually transitioned from supporting Republican
Party candidates in its editorials to becoming more politically independent and analytical. [32] In
1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland (former mayor of Buffalo and governor
of New York) in his first presidential campaign.[33] While this move cost The New York Times a
portion of its readership among its more Republican readers (revenue declined from $188,000
to $56,000 from 1883 to 1884), the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a
few years.[34]

Ochs era
After George Jones died in 1891, Charles Ransom Miller and other New York Times editors
raised $1 million (equivalent to $30 million in 2021) to buy the Times, printing it under the New
York Times Publishing Company.[35][36] The newspaper found itself in a financial crisis by
the Panic of 1893,[34] and by 1896, the newspaper had a circulation of less than 9,000 and was
losing $1,000 a day. That year, Adolph Ochs, the publisher of the Chattanooga Times, gained
a controlling interest in the company for $75,000. [37]
Shortly after assuming control of the paper, Ochs coined the paper's slogan, "All The News
That's Fit To Print". The slogan has appeared in the paper since September 1896, [38] and has
been printed in a box in the upper left hand corner of the front page since early 1897. [33] The
slogan was a jab at competing papers, such as Joseph Pulitzer's New York World and William
Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which were known for a lurid, sensationalist and often
inaccurate reporting of facts and opinions, described by the end of the century as "yellow
journalism".[39] Under Ochs' guidance, aided by Carr Van Anda, The New York Times achieved
international scope, circulation, and reputation; Sunday circulation went from under 9,000 in
1896 to 780,000 in 1934.[37] Van Anda also created the newspaper's photo library, now
colloquially referred to as "the morgue."[40] In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, The New
York Times, along with The Times, received the first on-the-
spot wireless telegraph transmission from a naval battle: a report of the destruction of
the Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet, at the Battle of Port Arthur, from the press-boat Haimun.[41] In
1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began.[33] In 1919, The New
York Times' first trans-Atlantic delivery to London occurred by dirigible balloon. In 1920, during
the 1920 Republican National Convention, a "4 A.M. Airplane Edition" was sent to Chicago by
plane, so it could be in the hands of convention delegates by evening. [42]
In 1920, Walter Lippmann and Charles Merz published A Test of the News, about New York
Times coverage of the Russian Revolution. They concluded that its news stories were not
based on facts, but "were determined by the hopes of the men who made up the news
organisations." The newspaper referred to events that had not taken place, atrocities that did
not exist, and reported no fewer than 91 times that the Bolshevik regime was on the verge of
collapse.[43]

Post-war expansion

The New York Times newsroom, 1942

Ochs died in 1935[44] and was succeeded as publisher by his son-in-law, Arthur Hays

Sulzberger.[45] Under his leadership, and that of his son-in-law (and successor), [46] Orvil Dryfoos,
[47]
 the paper extended its breadth and reach, beginning in the 1940s. The crossword began
appearing regularly in 1942, and the fashion section first appeared in 1946. The New York
Times began an international edition in 1946. (The international edition stopped publishing in
1967, when The New York Times joined the owners of the New York Herald Tribune and The
Washington Post to publish the International Herald Tribune in Paris.)
After only two years as publisher, Dryfoos died in 1963[48] and was succeeded[49] by his brother-
in-law, Arthur Ochs "Punch" Sulzberger, who led the Times until 1992 and continued the
expansion of the paper.[50]

New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)

Main article: New York Times Co. v. Sullivan
The paper's involvement in a 1964 libel case helped bring one of the key United States
Supreme Court decisions supporting freedom of the press, New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. In
it, the United States Supreme Court established the "actual malice" standard for press reports
about public officials or public figures to be considered defamatory or libelous. The malice
standard requires the plaintiff in a defamation or libel case to prove the publisher of the
statement knew the statement was false or acted in reckless disregard of its truth or falsity.
Because of the high burden of proof on the plaintiff, and difficulty proving malicious intent, such
cases by public figures rarely succeed. [51]

The Pentagon Papers (1971)
Main article: Pentagon Papers
In 1971, the Pentagon Papers, a secret United States Department of Defense history of the
United States' political and military involvement in the Vietnam War from 1945 to 1967, were
given ("leaked") to Neil Sheehan of The New York Times by former State
Department official Daniel Ellsberg, with his friend Anthony Russo assisting in copying
them. The New York Times began publishing excerpts as a series of articles on June 13.
Controversy and lawsuits followed. The papers revealed, among other things, that the
government had deliberately expanded its role in the war by conducting airstrikes over Laos,
raids along the coast of North Vietnam, and offensive actions were taken by the U.S.
Marines well before the public was told about the actions, all while President Lyndon B.
Johnson had been promising not to expand the war. The document increased the credibility
gap for the U.S. government, and hurt efforts by the Nixon administration to fight the ongoing
war.[52]
When The New York Times began publishing its series, President Richard Nixon became
incensed. His words to National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger included "People have gotta
be put to the torch for this sort of thing" and "Let's get the son-of-a-bitch in jail." [53] After failing to
get The New York Times to stop publishing, Attorney General John Mitchell and President
Nixon obtained a federal court injunction that The New York Times cease publication of
excerpts. The newspaper appealed and the case began working through the court system.
On June 18, 1971, The Washington Post began publishing its own series. Ben Bagdikian,
a Post editor, had obtained portions of the papers from Ellsberg. That day the Post received a
call from William Rehnquist, an assistant U.S. Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel,
asking them to stop publishing. When the Post refused, the U.S. Justice Department sought
another injunction. The U.S. District court judge refused, and the government appealed.
On June 26, 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to take both cases, merging them into New
York Times Co. v. United States.[54] On June 30, 1971, the Supreme Court held in a 6–3
decision that the injunctions were unconstitutional prior restraints and that the government had
not met the burden of proof required. The justices wrote nine separate opinions, disagreeing
on significant substantive issues. While it was generally seen as a victory for those who claim
the First Amendment enshrines an absolute right to free speech, many felt it a lukewarm
victory, offering little protection for future publishers when claims of national security were at
stake.[52]

Late 1970s–1990s
In the 1970s, the paper introduced a number of new lifestyle sections, including Weekend and
Home, with the aim of attracting more advertisers and readers. Many criticized the move for
betraying the paper's mission. [55] On September 7, 1976, the paper switched from an eight-
column format to a six-column format. The overall page width stayed the same, with each
column becoming wider.[56] On September 14, 1987, the Times printed the heaviest-ever
newspaper, at over 12 pounds (5.4 kg) and 1,612 pages.[57]
In 1992, "Punch" Sulzberger stepped down as publisher; his son, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger Jr.,
succeeded him, first as publisher[58] and then as chairman of the board in 1997.
[59]
 The Times was one of the last newspapers to adopt color photography, with the first color
photograph on the front page appearing on October 16, 1997. [60]

Digital era
Early digital content

A speech in the newsroom after announcement of Pulitzer Prize winners, 2009

The New York Times switched to a digital production process sometime before 1980, but only
began preserving the resulting digital text that year. [61] In 1983, the Times sold the electronic
rights to its articles to LexisNexis. As the online distribution of news increased in the 1990s,
the Times decided not to renew the deal and in 1994 the newspaper regained electronic rights
to its articles.[62] On January 22, 1996, NYTimes.com began publishing. [63]
2000s
In August 2007, the paper reduced the physical size of its print edition, cutting the page width
from 13.5 inches (34 cm) to a 12 inches (30 cm). This followed similar moves by a roster of
other newspapers in the previous ten years, including USA Today, The Wall Street Journal,
and The Washington Post. The move resulted in a 5% reduction in news space, but (in an era
of dwindling circulation and significant advertising revenue losses) also saved about $12
million a year.[64][65]
In September 2008, The New York Times announced that it would be combining certain
sections effective October 6, 2008, in editions printed in the New York metropolitan area.[64] The
changes folded the Metro Section into the main International / National news section and
combined Sports and Business (except Saturday through Monday, while Sports continues to
be printed as a standalone section). This change also included having the Metro section called
New York outside of the Tri-State Area. The presses used by The New York Times can allow
four sections to be printed simultaneously; as the paper includes more than four sections on all
days except for Saturday, the sections were required to be printed separately in an early press
run and collated together. The changes allowed The New York Times to print in four sections
Monday through Wednesday, in addition to Saturday. The New York Times' announcement
stated that the number of news pages and employee positions would remain unchanged, with
the paper realizing cost savings by cutting overtime expenses.[13]
Because of its declining sales largely attributed to the rise of online news sources, favored
especially by younger readers, and the decline of advertising revenue, the newspaper had
been going through a downsizing for several years, offering buyouts to workers and cutting
expenses,[66] in common with a general trend among print news media. Following industry
trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. [67]
In 2009, the newspaper began production of local inserts in regions outside of the New York
area. Beginning October 16, 2009, a two-page "Bay Area" insert was added to copies of
the Northern California edition on Fridays and Sundays. The newspaper commenced
production of a similar Friday and Sunday insert to the Chicago edition on November 20, 2009.
The inserts consist of local news, policy, sports, and culture pieces, usually supported by local
advertisements.
2010s
In December 2012, the Times published "Snow Fall",