9-12-21

Organizational planning tools :-

How business use these tools to in descion making or/and problem solving

1.Descion tree : quanitity

2.fishbone diagram: qualitative

3.force field analysis :qualitative, implementing a change in business

4.gantt charts : scheduling , time scales

FISHBONE DIAGRAM:-
analyze problems and its causes

 trying to find the cause of the problems

 used in small groups of managers : quality circles
 helps them to brainstorm the causes and effects of a quality problem
 here identifying the problems and analyzong the reasons for that is the first thing
 PROBLEM

Fishbone diagram step 1 :-

 the effect of the problem is placed in the head of the fish

Fishbone step 2 :-

 then each fishbone is allocated to a particular factor that may have caused the problem

some of the causes could be :-

MANUFACTURING SERVICES ADMINISTARTION

Manpower Places Surroundings
Methods Procedures Suppliers
Materials People Systems
Machines politics skills
Fishbone step 3 :-

Example problem solving

 airline may choose to use these

 causes : procedures ,places , people, politics
1. after discussion by the group each factor is broken down to a subfactor and is drawn as a
smaller fishbone coming out of orginal one.
Main causes and sub causes :-

1. procedures : booking and departures

2. places : routes and airports
3. people : management and employees
4. politics : strategic

Fishbone step 4:-

The group discards those issues that are not the root cause of the problem , thus identifying which
fishbone is the problem

Evaluation of fishbone

Benefits

 bring people together to dicuss issues

 works with variety of probekns
 neat organized concised and attractive
 highlight possible other areas of weakness for the future

Limitations

 identifies problems and not solutions

 arguing : what area are these managers in control of and clash of causes , like one person
might not agree that this is the cuase n stuff
 honesty and knowdlege is required
 requires follow up
DECISION TREES :-
1. designed to help simolify complex descions
2. provides a clear visual structure
3. helps managers make sensible descions

square box : write the decision options here

circles : variable that decides if this decision gives good or bad results

this whole thing is basically tree diagram from math stuff 400000 =
sucesss
0.6
khazikis
tan
fail
0.4
250000
250000

relocation

300000

sucesss
0.75

korea

0.25 fail

175000
180000

13-12-21
Force field analysis:-
Whenever the organization is making a decision related to change
Its imp to understand how many people are for this change and how many are rising against
this change
This is measure and used to get to know what decision to make
The top level people sit and make a lit of things that afvour and oppose the decision and
discussed with the people concerned and come to a conclusion

Once this is done the top level people are given preference to voice out their concers and
they are given more weightage than like the employees
This becomes a limitation as not everyone is fully involved and the higher postion people are
just taking their views through interviews surveys etc and this may not be the accurate
voices out of the employees n stuff

Example :-
Limitations : the identified factors might not be everything and sometimes biases might
come in and people might ignore the restraining factors and don’t even bring it to the table
and do not come out as identified forces thus causing a problem to make a proper unbiased
descion
If culture of organization isn’t transparent a group of people can swing descion towards
themselves and make it in their favour and not listen to everyone and ignore certain factors
4.GRANTT CHARTS :-
Project with multiple tasks

Example
Decision tree question example solving :-