Department of Education

8
National Capital Region
SCHOOL S DIVISION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

Special Science Program

Research II
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
The Nature of Research

Writer: Apolonia A. Solon

City of Good Character

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
 This module was designed to introduce the nature and processes of research. The
objective of this module is to provide initial knowledge about research that will be used
in succeeding learning situations. The terms and vocabulary words used are within the
levels of the users.

This specific module will help you explain the meaning, characteristics, and
importance of research (SSP_RS8-NRS-Ia-1).

After going through this module, the learners are specifically expected to:

1. define research
2. analyze the specific purposes and goals of research
3. familiarize with the different characteristics of research
4. enumerate and give reasons why research is important

A. Choose the letters of the correct answers and write them in a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Scientific investigation is done in an orderly manner so that the researcher has

confidence in the findings. Which characteristic of research demonstrates this?
A. Analytical C. Logical
B. Critical D. Methodical

2. Research may be replicated. Newly discovered facts may be found to expand

knowledge gained from previous research or verified if the same facts are found.
Which demonstrates the statement above?
A. satisfy researcher’s curiosity
B. expand or verify existing knowledge
C. discover previously unrecognized substances or elements
D. order related, valid generalizations into systematized science

3. Previously we had only 92 elements but due to research we now have more than
100. The following does not exemplify this specific purpose of research EXCEPT
to _________________.
A. satisfy researcher’s curiosity
B. discover previously unrecognized substances or elements
C. discover pathways of action of known substances and elements
D. acquire a better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon that
can be known and understood

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4. Many problems are uncovered and requires further study; thus, the research
cycle is repeated. What characteristic of research demonstrates this?
A. Cyclical C. Methodical
B. Logical D. Replicable

5. Research products cut the time a person performs his daily tasks. Which specific
importance of research to man shows this?
A. improves quality of life
B. reduces the burden of work
C. improves the exportation of food products
D. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery

6. Alcohol is known as a product of research. This may turn into a kind of fuel
similar to gasoline. To which specific purpose of research determines this?
A. expand or verify existing knowledge
B. discover new facts about known phenomena
C. order related, valid generalizations into systematized science
D. provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education,
government, and in other undertakings

7. Teachers use innovative teaching techniques, and strategies to deliver goods and
services to students effectively. Which specific importance of research to man
illustrates this?
A. improves teacher’s competence
B. improves exportation of food products
C. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery
D. trains graduates to respond to the economic development of the society
and to compete globally

8. Research made the global commercialization and trading of local products

possible. What specific importance of research to man in exemplified in this
statement?
A. improve teacher’s competence
B. improve exportation of food products
C. respond to the country’s effort as economic recovery
D. train graduates to respond to the economic development of the society
and to compete globally

9. Collection of data is based on practical experience without assistance of scientific

knowledge or theory. Which characteristic of research is being identified?
A. Empirical C. Methodical
B. Logical D. Replicable

10. Which of the words below best describes research?

A. Discovery C. Purposive
B. Knowledge D. Systematic

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 Lesson
The Nature of Research
1

The World of Technology

During your elementary and Grade 7 days, you have conducted several science
activities and experiments. You also have studied many topics such as scientific
attitudes, basic and integrated science process skills, steps in the scientific method,
scientific investigation, and many others. Why arouse your interest about Science? We
study science to be aware. Awareness in basic science concepts could lead to the
improvement of the quality of life.
Products of science are all around us. From the papers used in printing this
module to the computers that are used in online classes, the impacts of technology in
our daily lives are shown. Science has brought technological advancement in almost
every aspect of our lives.
Yet, everything has its downside.
An example of technology that has adverse
effects in our environment is the burning
of fossil fuels (the modern world supplier
of energy). It has degraded air quality and
caused harmful effects on health and
environment. Though we are familiar that
these activities are the major causes of
global warming and climate change, still
we are dependent on this energy resource.
To reduce the adverse effects of technology
on the environment and make life better,
science continues to search for alternative
sources of energy.
Neill, Pippa. “Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels Costs the
Global Economy $8bn a Day.” Air Quality News,
February 12, 2020.
https://airqualitynews.com/2020/02/12/air-
pollution-from-fossil-fuels-costs-the-global-
economy-8bn-a-day/.

Activity 1: Can You Name Me?

A. On the next page are pictures of common household items that improve the
quality of human life. Fill in the blanks to name them. Write your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
1. __ A D __ O 2. __ X __ __ N __ __ O N
C __ __ D

3. __ __ I E __ T __ __ __ __ 4. __ __ C T R __ __
C __ __ C __ __ A __ __ R F __ __

5. __ L C __ __ __ L 6. __ __ M O __ E
C __ __ T R __ L

7. __ L __ __ K 8. __ __ M M __ __

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DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
B. The objects shown in Activity 1 Part A (on the previous page) are some of my
products. You use them to improve your daily lives and make tasks easier. Also,
the first letters of the 8 correct answers in Activity 1 Part A spells my name (with
the correct order from 1 to 8). Can you name me? Write my name in a separate
sheet of paper.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
(My Hidden Name)

Progress begins with research.

Research is essential in any form of progress
on all fields. Whether in government, in
education, in trade and commerce, and
other types and kinds of industries,
research is vital. The methods of research
must be thoroughly understood in both
graduate and undergraduate educational
work. People who have gone through the
collegiate, undergraduate and graduate
levels of education are the ones expected to
Dutcher, Jim. “Google Glass Pilot: Lessons Learned so Far.”
undertake research activities, so studying Campus Technology, January 14, 2015.
methods of research becomes essential. https://campustechnology.com/articles/2015/01/
14/google-glass-pilot-lessons-learned-so-far.aspx.
What is Research?

Research may be defined as a purposive, systematic and scientific process of

gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data for the
solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the
expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement
of the quality of human life. (Calderon and Gonzales, 2008)

Purposes and Goals of Research

Research is purposive.
Research aims to preserve and
improve of the quality of human life.
Every type of research aims towards
this goal. Because of research, man
has greatly achieved increasing
progress and enjoying the products
of research such as fast and
comfortable means of transportation
(in land, sea, and air), the wonders
of electrical appliances (like the
radio, telephone, air conditioning,
“Gadgets Must Haves for Your Summer Travel.” Goods.Ph:
computers, light bulbs, etc.), Simply Better Shopping Blog, October 21, 2016.
running machinery for industrial https://goodsph.wordpress.com/2015/03/20/gadg
works, potent drugs that solve ets-must-haves-for-your-summer-travel/.
health problems and prolong life,
and many other countless things.

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 The specific purposes and goals of research according to Calderon and Gonzales
(2008) are to:

1. discover new facts about known phenomena

2. find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing methods and
information
3. improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products
4. discover previously unrecognized substances or elements
5. discover pathways of action of known substances and elements
6. order related, valid generalizations into systematized science
7. provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education, government,
and in other undertakings
8. satisfy researcher’s curiosity
9. find answers to queries by means of scientific methods
10. acquire a better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon that can be
known and understood
11. expand or verify existing knowledge

Characteristics of Research

There are several characteristics of research. It is the researcher’s task to apply

and observe these characteristics to make a good quality of research. Some of these
characteristics research according Calmorin (2016) are:

1. Empirical - based on direct observation or experience of the researcher

2. Logical - based on legal principles and procedures of gathering data
3. Cyclical - starts with a problem and ends with a problem
4. Analytical - utilizes proven analytical procedures in collecting data
5. Methodical - conducted in an orderly manner without bias
6. Critical - exhibits careful and exact judgment
7. Replicable - designs and procedures are replicated or duplicated using
different materials

Importance of Research to Man and Society

With the development of

technology, ancient tools were
modernized. A good example that
shows technological advancement
is the development of lightbulb.
With research, the inefficient
ancient candlelight is replaced by
highly efficient modern LED.

People have used products

of research to solve daily problems.
These make their lives easier and
more comfortable. Likewise, the McBride, Posted by Brandon, and Brandon McBride.
society uses research to find “Comparing LED vs CFL vs Incandescent Light Bulbs,”
answers in most of their major April 9, 2020. https://www.viribright.com/lumen-
output-comparing-led-vs-cfl-vs-incandescent-wattage/.
problems such as poverty,
deforestation, power shortage, etc.

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 According to Calmorin (2016), research is important to man because it:

1. improves quality of life

2. improves instruction and student’s achievements
3. reduces the burden of work
4. satisfies man’s needs
5. improves the exportation of food products
6. improves teacher’s competence
7. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery
8. trains graduates to respond to the socioeconomic development of the society and
to compete globally
9. makes the country great again

Activity 2: Letters to Words to Lists

A. Answer the questions below and choose the letters that correspond to your
answers. Write them in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Cancer is a serious disease which is only partially cured by present methods but
due to intensive and continuous research, the disease may be eradicated later.
To demonstrate this purpose of research, which of the following specifically
pertains to the statement above?

P. expand or verify existing knowledge

K. discover new facts about known phenomena
I. find answers to queries by means of scientific methods
R. find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing
methods and information

2. A research study may use the same research design (two-group design), the same
procedure, and the same statistical tool but different raw materials. Which
characteristic of research shows this?

D. Critical C. Methodical
M. Empirical O. Replicable

3. Filipinos should be research-oriented. Big establishments start small and uses

experimental research to test characteristics of their products such as
acceptability, salability, and profitability. They eventually grow to big names that
we know (ex. Jollibee, Mang Inasal, ShoeMart etc.). Which specific value of
research to man demonstrates this?
P. makes the country great again
W. improves teacher’s competence
S. improves instruction and students’ achievement
E. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery

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4. In conducting research with return on investment, the invest-harvest principle
must be applied. Which specific value of research show this significance to man?
M. reduces the burden of work
L. improves the exportation of food products
I. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery
G. trains graduates to respond to the socioeconomic development of the
society and to compete globally

5. Research uses systematic procedures and techniques, an appropriate research

design, and statistical tool to arrive at scientific interpretation. Which
characteristic of research determines this?

N. Analytical V. Methodical
Y. Cyclical S. Replicable

6. Due to research, we come to know the dangers of abusive use of drugs. Which
importance of research to man is illustrated by this statement?

C. satisfy researcher’s curiosity

I. order related, valid generalizations into systematized science
S. discover pathways of action of known substances and elements
G. find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing
methods and information

7. Research predicts the invention of new gadgets and machines, food products and
others. These allow man to ___________________.

C. expand or verify existing knowledge

T. discover new facts about known phenomena
E. improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products
N. find answers to problems which are only partially solved by existing
methods and information

8. In historical research, the data gathered focus on the past; descriptive research
focuses on the present situation; and experimental research focuses on the
future. Research therefore is ___________________.
P. Analytical E. Logical
S. Critical O. Replicable

9. Research encourage students to conduct their own experimental research that

yield return of investments. Yearly, science fairs are participated by high school
and college students to train themselves to be research oriented. Which specific
value of research to man demonstrates this?

M. satisfies man’s needs

K. improves instruction and student’s achievements
G. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery
U. trains graduates to respond to the socioeconomic development of the
society and to compete globally

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B. The letters of the correct answers from Numbers 1-9 in Activity 2 Part A (on the
previous page) could be rearranged to form a word that describes research best.
What is that word? Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
(Word that describes Research best)

C. List down 5 old appliances/things at home which were replaced by modern ones.
Take note of the advantages of the modern ones. Complete and redraw the table
below on a separate sheet of paper. First one is given as an example.

Conventional Modern Advantages of Modern

Example:
Example: Example: - keeps food fresh for longer
- big clay jars - refrigerator - stores foodstuffs raw, no salting/
smoking/ pre-cooking needed
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Activity 3: Today I Have Learned…

A. Accomplish the given “Language Frame” below based on what you have
understood in the lesson. Rewrite the language frame with your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

Language Frame

Today I have learned the following:

- Research can be defined as ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________.

- Research is key to _______________. Research is important in most types of

industries and fields such as ____________________________________________.

- Research generally aims to ______________________________________________.

- There are seven characteristics of research and they are:

1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________

5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________

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 Rubrics for Scoring

Excellent Adequate Limited

Criteria
3 2 1
Has included the complete Has included the complete Has included incomplete
Details and
answers and correct answers and some answers and more
Information
concepts corrections on concepts corrections on concepts

Well- prepared with a

Variety of ways/ skill used Limited ways/ skill used
variety of ways/ skill used
Techniques/ to create an adequate and create inadequate
to create a powerful
Creativity context (explanation) context (explanation)
context (explanation)
about the lesson about the lesson
about the lesson
The information contains The information contains The information contains
Accuracy/
essentially no errors which errors which somewhat many errors which limit
Following given
interfere with the clarity of interferes with the clarity of the clarity of
Instructions
communication communication communication

Activity 4: Research and I

A. Some research studies are not considered good. They sometimes do not adhere
with the previously discussed characteristics of research. Just like yourself, some
of them also have weaknesses that need improvement. Write down your good
qualities, characteristics, traits, or strengths. How are you going to boost them?
Also, note down the things you are afraid of doing, the traits you do not have, or
your weaknesses. How are you going to conquer them? Redraw the tables below
with your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

My Good Qualities, Characteristics, Ways to Boost My Strengths

Traits, or Strengths

1. __________________________________ 1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________

Things I am Afraid of Doing, Traits I Ways to Conquer My Weakness

do not Possess, or My Weaknesses

1. __________________________________ 1. __________________________________
2. __________________________________ 2. __________________________________

Criteria for Scoring

Points Number of Identified Ways to Boost Number of Identified Ways to Conquer
Assigned Strengths Strengths Weaknesses Weaknesses
4 3 2 3 2
3 2 1 2 1
2 2 - 2 -
1 1 - 1 -

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B. Based on your understanding, how will you describe the different characteristics
of research in 1 or 2 words? List them out in a separate sheet of paper. The first
one is given as an example.

1. Empirical - Direct Observations

2. Logical - __________________________
3. Cyclical - __________________________
4. Analytical - __________________________
5. Methodical - __________________________
6. Critical - __________________________
7. Replicable - __________________________

C. List down 3 old school items that were once could be found in your school bag
and were replaced by new ones. Take note of the advantages of the new ones and
the disadvantages of the replaced ones. Complete and redraw the table below on
a separate sheet of paper. First one is given as an example.

Disadvantages of Advantages of
Old Items New Items
Old Items New Items

Example: Example: Example: Example:

- Old pen - Permanent ink - Friction Pen - Could be erased

1.

2.

3.

D. Aside from food, give 5 products or items that you consider very valuable in your
daily living during this quarantine period. Give reasons why you find them
valuable. Write your answer (paragraph form) in a separate sheet of paper.

Calderon, Jose F., and Expectacion C. Gonzales. “Introduction.” In Methods of

Research and Thesis Writing, 4–6. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore, Inc.,
2008.

Calmorin, Laurentina Paler. “Characteristics of Research.” In Research and Thesis

Writing With Statistics Computer Application, 1–10. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.,
2016.

Pavico, Josefina Ma. Ferriols, and Genevieve Darvin Faraon et. al. “Science in Our
World.” In Exploring Life Through Science, 10. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc., 2013.

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A. Choose the letters of the correct answers and write them in a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Research may be replicated. Newly discovered facts may be found to expand

knowledge gained from previous research or verified if the same facts are found.
Which demonstrates the statement above?
A. satisfy researcher’s curiosity
B. expand or verify existing knowledge
C. discover previously unrecognized substances or elements
D. order related, valid generalizations into systematized science

2. Scientific investigation is done in an orderly manner so that the researcher has

confidence in the findings. Which characteristic of research demonstrates this?
A. Analytical C. Logical
B. Critical D. Methodical

3. Previously we had only 92 elements but due to research we now have more than
100. The following does not exemplify this specific purpose of research EXCEPT
to _________________.
A. satisfy researcher’s curiosity
B. discover previously unrecognized substances or elements
C. discover pathways of action of known substances and elements
D. acquire a better and deeper understanding about one phenomenon that
can be known and understood

4. Teachers use innovative teaching techniques, and strategies to deliver goods and
services to students effectively. Which specific importance of research to man
illustrates this?
A. improves teacher’s competence
B. improves exportation of food products
C. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery
D. trains graduates to respond to the economic development of the society
and to compete globally

5. Which of the words below best describes research?

A. Discovery C. Purposive
B. Knowledge D. Systematic

6. Research products cut the time a person performs his daily tasks. Which specific
importance of research to man shows this?
A. improves quality of life
B. reduces the burden of work
C. improves the exportation of food products
D. responds to the country’s effort as economic recovery

7. Collection of data is based on practical experience without assistance of scientific

knowledge or theory. Which characteristic of research is being identified?
A. Empirical C. Methodical
B. Logical D. Replicable

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8. Alcohol is known as a product of research. This may turn into a kind of fuel
similar to gasoline. To which specific purpose of research determines this?
A. expand or verify existing knowledge
B. discover new facts about known phenomena
C. order related, valid generalizations into systematized science
D. provide basis for decision-making in business, industry, education,
government, and in other undertakings

9. Many problems are uncovered and requires further study; thus, the research
cycle is repeated. What characteristic of research demonstrates this?
A. Cyclical C. Methodical
B. Logical D. Replicable

10. Research made the global commercialization and trading of local products
possible. What specific importance of research to man in exemplified in this
statement?
A. improve teacher’s competence
B. improve exportation of food products
C. respond to the country’s effort as economic recovery
D. train graduates to respond to the economic development of the society
and to compete globally

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
City of Good Character
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Activity 4: Research and I
A. Answers may vary (Table)
B. Answers may vary
1. Direct observations
2. Legal principles
3. Repeated
4. Proven procedure
5. Orderly manner
6. Exact judgement
7. Duplicated
C. Answers may vary (Table)
D. Answers may vary (Essay)
Activity 3: Today I Have Learned…
A. Answers may vary (Language Frame)
Today I have learned the following:
- Research can be defined as a purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing,
classifying, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction,
for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all
for the preservation and improvement of the quality of human life.
- Research is key to progress. Research is important in most types of industries and fields such as
government, education, trade, and commerce.
- Research generally aims to preserve and improve the quality of human life.
- There are seven characteristics of research and they are:
1. Empirical 2. Methodical 3. Cyclical 4. Analytical
5. Logical 6. Critical 7. Replicable
Activity 2: Letters to Words to Lists Activity 1: Can You Name Me?
A. 1. R A. 1. RADIO
2. O 2. EXTENSION CORD
3. P 3. SCIENTIFIC CALCULATOR
4. I 4. ELECTRIC FAN
5. V 5. ALCOHOL
6. S 6. REMOTE CONTROL
7. E 7. CLOCK
8. P 8. HAMMER
9. U
B. Research
B. Purposive
C. Answers may vary (Table)
 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Apolonia A. Solon

Editors:
Content Editors: Mary Ann N. Taway
Jessica S. Mateo
Language Editor:

Reviewers: Validators from PNU

Illustrator:
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jessica S. Mateo
EPS-Science

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 8-682-2472 / 8-682-3989

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