Hydraulics 1 18 Sol

- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 1
1. b) kinetic energy

2. c) Velocity head

3. c) Velocity head

4. a) Elevation and pressure head
5. Solution :
200 mm 200 mm
WV 2
=W WV2/gr
gr
0.2 m
0.3 m
V = rω 0.2 m
V 2 = gr
r 2 ω 2 = gr 1.0 m W
g 0.8 m
ω2 = r = 0.90 m
r
9.81
ω2 =
0.9
ω = 3.30 rad/sec.
3.30(60)
ω=
2π
ω = 31.53 rpm
HYDRAULICS (Quiz 1 – NOVEMBER 2017)
6. Solution :
➀ Specific energy
Q 16.9
V= = = 1.408 m/s
A 1.2(10)
Specific energy : d=1.2 m
V2
E= +d
2g
b=10 m
2
(1.408)
E= + 1.2 = 1.3 m.
2(9.81)
➁ Normal slope if n = 0.017

P = 10 + 1.2 + 1.2
P = 12.4
A = 10(1.2) = 12
A
R=
P
12
R=
12.4
R = 0.968
1 2/3 1/2
V= R S
n
1
1.408 = (0.968)2/3 S1/2
0.017
S = 0.0006
➂ Average shearing stress

τ = γw RS
τ = 9.81(0.968)(0.0006)
τ = 5.7 N/m2
7. Solution :
➀ Mannings Formula:
1
V = n R2/3 S1/2
0.6
V=
π
(0.4)2 ➂ Hazen Williams:
4
V = 0.8492 C R0.63 S0.54
V = 4.77 m/s
4.77 = 0.8492(100)(0.1)0.63 S0.54
S0.54 = 0.23961
D S = 0.0709
R=4
hf = 0.0709(40)
0.4 hf = 2.84 m.
R = 4 = 0.1
(0.1)2/3 S1/2
4.77 = 0.013
S = 0.083
hf
S= L
hf = 0.083(40)
hf = 3.32 m.
➁ Darcy Weishback:
0.0826 f L Q2
hf = D5
0.0826(0.012)(40)(0.6)
hf = (0.4)5
hf = 1.39 m.
8. Solution : 1
➀ Elevation at 1:
Q 0.30
V= = = 6.11 m/s
D
A π
=2
(0.25)2
5 0
4
m
gate valve
m
V12 P1 V22 P2
+ + Z2 = + + Z2
2g γw 2g γw Elev. 100m
2 3
V1 = V2
Q1 = Q 2
③ Length of pipe:
A1 = A 2
P1 P2
0+ + Z1 = 0 + + 100
γw γw
P2 - P1
Z1 = 100 +
γw
78
Z1 = 100 + = 107.95 m.
9.81
➁ Head loss from A to B:

V12 P1 V22 P2
+ + Z1 = + + Z 2 + HL
2g γw 2g γw
P1 - P2
0+ + 107.95 = 0 + 100 + HL
γw
P1 - P2
HL = 7.95 +
γw
160
HL = 7.95 +
9.81
HL = 24.26 m.
9. Solution :
➀ Stress in kN/m:
PD
St =
2(t)
9.81(325)(600)
St =
2(10)
S t = 95647.5 kPa
S t = 95.65 MPa
➁ Actual stress if h = 500 m.

PD
St =
2(t)
9.81(500)(600)
St =
2(10)
S t = 147,150 kPa
S t = 147.15 MPa
③ Thickness required:
PD
t=
2 S t (eff)
9.81(500)(600)
t=
2(113)(0.80)
t = 16.3 mm
10. Solution :
Vol. displaced in seawater:

W = V (sp.gr.) γw
20000(1000) = V1(1.03)(1000)
w.s. W
V1 = 19417.48 m3
8.4m
Vol. displaced in fresh water:
20000(1000) = V2(1000) BF1
V2 = 20000 m3 Sea water (sp. gr. = 1.03)
V2 – V1 = h(A)
20000 – 19417.48 = h(3000)
h = 0.194 m
W
Draft in fresh water = 8.4 + 0.194 w.s.
Draft in fresh water = 8.594 m. h

d
8.4m
BF2
Fresh water
11. Solution : V
wall
=30˚ 2m
gx 2
y = x tan θ - 30 m
2V 2 Cos 2 θ
9.81(30)2
2 = 30 tan 30˚ -
2(V)2 Cos 2 30˚
5886
15.32 =
V2
V = 19.6 m / s
12. Solution :
V12
= 56
2g
⎛ 3V12 ⎞ 9V12
⎜ ⎟ = - 9(5) = 45
⎝ 2g ⎠ 2g
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 2
1. c) Bernoullis theorem

2. c) Bernoullis theorem

3. d) Venturi principle

4. b) nozzle
5. Solution :
➀ Constant angular velocity that
can be attained without spilling
any water. 1
ω 2 r2 y=2
y = 2g 3
ω2 (0.5)2
2 = 2(9.81)
w = 12.53 rad/sec.
r=0.5
➁ Constant angular velocity that
can be attained if the depth of
water at the center is 0.5 m.
ω2 r 2
y = 2g 1
y=2.5
ω2 (0.5)2 3
2.5 = 2(9.81)
ω = 14.01 rad/sec. 0.5
➂ Constant angular velocity that

can be attained if the vol. spilled r=0.5
out is 0.196 m3.
π (0.5)2 (y) π (0.5)2 (2)
2 - 2 = 0.196
y = 2.5
ω2 r 2 2
y = 2g y
ω2 (0.5)2
2.5 = 2(9.81)
ω = 14.01 rad/sec.
6. Solution :
➀ Rate of flow out of reservoir A:
0.0826fLQ22
hf2 =
D25
0.0826(0.0168)(450)(0.60)2
hf2 = = 2.89 m.
(0.6)5
hf1 + hf3 = 200 - 178
hf1 + hf3 = 22 m.
2 2
0.0826(0.0158)(1500)Q1 0.0826(0.0175)(1200)Q 3
5
+ 5
= 22
(0.8) (0.45)
5.974Q12 + 94Q32 = 22
Q3 = Q1 - Q2
Q3 = Q1 - 0.60
5.974Q12 + 94(Q1 - 0.60)2 = 22
5.974Q12 + 94(Q12 - 1.20Q1 + 0.36) = 22
99.974Q12 - 112.8Q1 + 33.84 = 22
99.974Q12 - 112.8Q1 + 11.84 = 0
Q12 - 1.13Q1 + 0.118 = 0
③ Elev. of B:
1.13 ± 0.897
Q1 = = 1.0135 m3 / s 0.0826(0.0158)(1500)(1.0135)2
2 hf1 =
(0.8)5
hf1 = 6.14 m.
➁ Rate of flow towards reservoir C:
Elev. of B = 200 - hf1 - hf2
Q3 = Q1 - 0.60
Elev. of B = 200 - 6.14 - 2.89 = 190.97 m.
Q3 = 1.0135 - 0.60 = 0.4135 m3/s
2. Solution :
Note: 1 gal = 3.79 liters
82
hf = = 8.36 m
9.81
0.0826fLQ 2
hf =
D5
0.0826(0.025)(30)Q 2
8.36 =
(0.05)5
Q = 0.0065 m3 /s
Q = 6.5 liters/sec
6.5(60)
Q= = 102.90 gallons / minute
3.79
3. a) theoretical velocity

4. d) orifice
5. a) Torricelli’s theorem
6. Solution :
➀ Width and depth for most efficient section
Q=AV d
2.55 = A (1.52)
A = 1.678 m2
A=bd b=2d
A = 2dd
A = 2 d2
1.678 = 2 d2
d = 0.92 m.
b = 2(0.92) 0.60
b = 1.84
2.74
➁ Roughness coefficient:
R2/3 S1/2 ➂ Percentage loss:
V= n A = 0.60(2.74)
A A = 1.644 m2
R=P
P = 2(0.60) + 2.74
d P = 3.94 m.
R=2
A
0.92 R=P
R= 2
1.644
R = 0.46 R = 3.94
R = 0.417
R2/3 S1/2 A R2/3 S1/2
V= n Q= n
(0.46)2/3 (0.000945)1/2 1.644(0.417)2/3 (0.000945)1/2
1.52 = n Q= 0.012
n = 0.012 Q = 2.35 m3/s
(2.55 - 2.35)
% less flow = 2.55 x 100
% less flow = 7.84%
7. Solution :
➀ Rate of flow of pipeline 2:
0.0826fLQ12
hf1 = El. 300m
D15 A hf1=11.64
0.0826(0.0157)(1500)(1.4)2 hf2=3.36
hf1 =
(0.8)5 El. 285m
Q1
hf1 = 11.64 m.
1 B
hf2 = 15 - 11.64 m. Q2
hf2 = 3.36 m. hf3=52.20
2
0.0826fLQ22 3
El. =?
hf2 = x
D25 C
Q3
0.0826(0.0162)(450)(Q2)2
3.36 =
(0.6)5
Q2 = 0.659 m3/s
➁ Rate of flow in pipeline reservoir C:

Q3 = Q1 - Q2
Q3 = 1.4 - 0.659
Q3 = 0.741 m3/s
③ Elevation of reservoir C:
0.0826(0.0177)(1200)(0.741)2
hf3 =
(0.45)5
hf3 = 52.20 m.
Elev. of reservoir at C = 285 + 3.36 - 52.20

Elev. of reservoir at C = 236.16 m.
8. Solution :
h = 0.52 Sin 60˚
h = 0.45 m
0.52(0.45)
A= = 0.117 0.52 0.52
2
h
P = 0.52(3) = 1.56
A 60ß
R=
P
0.117 0.52
R= = 0.075
1.56
D
= 0.075
4
D = 0.3 m
Q 0.38
V= = = 3.25 m/s
A 0.117
fLV 2
hf =
2gD
0.017(30)(3.25)2
hf = = 0.91
2(9.81)(0.3)
Pressure drop:
P = γw h
P = 9.81(0.91)
P = 8.97 KPa
9. Solution :
A
6m
hf 1
Q1 hf 2
1 B
Q1 = 32 liters/sec. H
D1 = 150 mm ¿ Q2
L1 = 270 m Q2 = ?
D2 = 100 mm ¿
2 L2 = 150 m hf 3
Q3 = Q1 + Q2 Q3
40 = 32 + Q2 3
Q2 = 8 liters/sec. Q3 = 40 liters/sec.
D3 = 200 mm ¿ C
Q2 = 0.008 m3/s L3 = 270 m
10.29 n2LQ 2
hf =
D16/3
10.29(0.011)2 (270)(0.032)2
hf1 = 16/3
= 8.53 m
(0.15)
hf2 = hf1 - 6
hf2 = 8.53 - 6
hf2 = 2.53 m
10.29(0.011)2 (720)(0.04)2
hf3 = 16/3
= 7.66 m
(0.2)
H = hf3 + hf1
H = 7.66 + 8.53
H = 16.19 m
10. Solution :
➀ Length “h” in mm
BF1 = (h – 0.005)A(9.81)
W = h(sp.gr.)(A)(9.81)
BF1 = W
(h – 0.05)A(9.81) = h(sp.gr.)(A)(9.81)
h – 0.05 = h(sp.gr.)
BF2 = (h – 0.075)(A)(9.81)(1.35)
W = h(sp.gr.)A(9.81)
BF2 = W
(h – 0.075)A(9.81)(1.35) = h(sp.gr.)(A)(9.81)
(h – 0.075)(1.35) = h(sp.gr.)
(h – 0.075)(1.35) = h – 0.05
0.35h = 1.35(0.075) – 0.05
h = 0.146 m
h = 146 mm
A A A
0.05m 0.075m x
W W
W
h-0.05m
h-0.075m
BF1
BF2
Sp. gr. = 1.35

10. Solution :
➁ Specific gravity of wood
h - 0.005 = h(sp.gr.)
(0.146 - 0.05)
= sp.gr.
0.146
sp.gr. = 0.658
➂ Length of wood which projects out of water surface when it floats in seawater
(sp.gr. = 1.03)
BF3 = (0.146 - x)A(9.81)(1.03)
W = (0.146)(0.658)(9.81)A
A
BF3 = W
(0.146 - x)(1.03) = (0.146)(0.658) x
1.03x = 0.05431
x = 0.05273
x = 52.73 mm W
0.146-x
Sp. gr. = 1.03
BF3
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 4
1. c) coefficient of velocity
2. a) vena contracta

3. b) coefficient of contraction

4. Solution :
Wgas
4
Wgas = π(3)3 (5) = 565.49 kN
3
4
BF = π(3)3 (12) = 1357.17 kN
3
W + Wgas = BF 6.0m
BF
W + 565.49 = 1357.17
W = 792 kN
W
5. Solution :
Consider 1 m. strip:
W1 = 2.4(w)(w)(22)(1)
W1 = 105.6w
2m
(8)(22)
W2 = (2.4w) (1)
2 W1
W2 = 211.2w z
w.s.
Ph = whA
⎛ 15 ⎞ 15m
22m
Ph = w ⎜ ⎟ (15)(11)
⎝ 2⎠ Ph
W2
Ph = 112.5w 5m
Pv = wV 8.0 2.0
By similar triangles :
z 8 10 m
=
15 22 Ry x
z = 5.45 m.
(5.45)(15)
Pv = w (1)
2
Pv = 40.9w
Ry = W1 + W2 + Pv
Ry = 105.6w + 211.2w + 40.9w
Ry = 357.70w
⎛ 8⎞ ⎛ 5.45 ⎞
R.M. = W1 (1) + W2 ⎜ 2 + ⎟ + 40.9w ⎜ 10 -
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
R.M. = 1425.8w
O.M. = Ph(5)
O.M. = 112.5w(5)
O.M. = 562.5w
Ryx = R.M. - O.M.
357.70w(x) = 1425.8w - 562.5w
B
x = 2.41 m. < = 3.33 m
3
6. Solution :
By interpolation :
⎧4 ⎫ 50 ⎫ ⎫
1⎨ ⎪ ⎬x⎪
⎩5 ⎬ 4 ⎭ ⎬ 50
⎪ ⎪
8⎭ 100 ⎭
1 4
=
x 50
x = 12.5
Unconfined compression strength of clay deposit :

qu = 50 + 12.5
qu = 62.5 kPa
7. Solution :
h = 4 - (1) Sin 45˚
h = 3.293 m
P = whA
(2)(3)
P = 9.81(0.82)(3.293)
2
P = 82.4 KN
Ig
e= w.s.
Ay 45˚
h F
Sin 45˚ =
y h
m
2
4m
3.293 P y
Sin 45˚ = e
y
m
2
C.G.
e
1-
C.P.
y = 4.657 m. A 45˚
m
2(3)3
1
C.G.
e= 36 C.P. F
m
2(3)
3
2
(4.657)
m
2 P=824 kN
e = 0.107 m
e
∑M A = 0
1-
m
3
A
F(3) = P(1 - e)
F(3) = 82.4(1 - 0.107)
F = 24.52 KN
8. Solution :
3.3
q=
2.5
q = 1.32 m. d2
q = A1 V1 d1
1.32 = d1 (1)(3.78)
d1 = 0.35 m
q2 ⎛ d1 + d2 ⎞
= d1 d2 ⎜ ⎟
g ⎝ 2 ⎠
(1.32)2 ⎛ 0.35 + d2 ⎞
= 0.35d2 ⎜ ⎟
9.81 ⎝ 2 ⎠
d2 = 0.847 m
Froude number:
V
F= 2
gd2
q = A 2 V2
1.32 = 0.847(1)V2
V2 = 1.56 m/s
1.56
Froude no. = = 0.54 < 1 (subcritical flow)
9.81(0.847)
9. Solution :
Vol.
t=
Q
A(h1 - h2 )
t= 1.2 m
⎛ h + h ⎞
CA 2g ⎜ 1 2
⎟ 0.6 m
⎜⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
0.4(1.2 - 0.6)
267 =
⎛ 1.2 + 0.6 ⎞
C(0.003) 2(9.81) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
C = 0.62
10. Solution :
➀ Discharge thru the orifice
50
h1 = 3 +
9.81
h1 = 8.097
15 Air 50 kPa
h2 = 2 +
9.81 Air 15 kPa
h2 = 3.529 3
water 2m
h = 8.097 - 3.529 water
h = 4.568 m
Q = CA 2gh 140 mm ø orifice
⎛ π⎞
Q = 0.86 ⎜ ⎟ (0.14)2 2(9.81)(4.568)
⎝ 4⎠ Air 50 kPa
Q = 0.125 m3 /s Air 15 kPa

H
Q = 125 liters / sec. h3

water h2
water
➁ Head loss
HL = h(1 – Cv2) 140 mm ø orifice
HL = 4.568[1 – (0.92)2]
HL = 0.702 m.
➂ Power loss in watts

P=QwE
P 0.125(9810)(0.702)
P = 861 watts
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 5

1. Solution:
hf1 = hf2
0.0826f(L)Q12 0.0826fLQ 22
5
=
(2D) D5
Q12
5
= Q 22 2D Q1
(2)
Q1
= 5.65 D Q2
Q2

2. b) surface tension
3. a) vapor pressure

4. Solution :
P1 = wh1 A1 F w.s.
P1 = 9.81(3)(4)(6)
P1 = 706.32 KN h=3m 3m
P2 = wh2 A2 6m w.s.
P2 = 9.81(1.5)(4)(3) P1 h=1.5m
P2 3m
P2 = 176.58 KN 2m
A 1m
∑MA = 0 4.0 m 4.0 m
F(6) + P2(1) = P1(2) hinge
F(6) + 176.58(1) = 706.32(2)

F = 206.0 KN

5. Solution : 1m
w.s. w.s.
h 1 =1.0 3m
h 2 =2(2)/3 A1 2m P1
x 2 A2 A2
= 1(2)/3
2P 2
2 3 1(2)/4
x 4-2x x
4
x = = 1.33 m 2m
3 4m
4 - 2x = 1.33 m
P = whA ∑M o = 0
P1 = 9810(1)(1.33)(2) ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
P1 = 26160 N F(3) = P1 ⎜ ⎟ (2) + 2P2 ⎜ ⎟ (2)
⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
⎛ 2 ⎞ (1.33)(2) ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞
P2 = 9810 ⎜ ⎟ (2) F(3) = 26160 ⎜ ⎟ + 2(17440) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠ 2 ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 4⎠
P2 = 17440 N F = 11627 N
6. Solution :
Cipolleti Weir: Standard Rectangular Weir:
Q = 1.875 L H3/2 Q = 1.84 L H3/2
Q = 1.875(1.5)(0.25)3/2 Q = 1.84(1.5)(0.25)3/2
Q = 0.352 m3/s Q = 0.345 m3/s
7. Solution :
0.0826fLQ 2
hf =
D5
0.0826(0.018)(1000)(0.45)2
hf =
(0.6)5
hf = 3.87 m
Pressure drop:
P = γw h
P = 9.81(0.8)(3.87) = 30.37 KPa
8. Solution :
F + W = BF
F + 0.3(0.3)(0.3)(9.81)(2.35)
= 0.3(0.3)(0.3)(9.81)(4.70)
F = 0.622 kN F
w.s.
W
0.3 m
BF
0.3 m
9. Solution :
γ = 10 + 0.5h
P=γh
dP = γ dh
dP = (10 + 0.5h) dh
P = 10h + 0.5h2
P = 10(5) + 0.5(5)2
P = 56.25 KPa
10. Solution :
➀ Depth of water in the tank if the cylindrical is brought to rest.
ω 2 r2
y=
2g
240 (2π)
ω = 60 = 25.13
(25.13)2 (0.15)2 y=0.72
y= = 0.72 m.
2(9.81) 0.80
0.72
d= + 0.08 = 0.44 m. d
2 0.08
➁ Speed would it be rotated so that 1.40 liters of r=0.15

water sill be spilled out.
y (π)(0.15)2 π (0.15)2 (0.72)
2 - 2 = 0.0014
y = 0.76 m.
0.72 y
ω 2 r2 0.80
y = 2g
0.44
ω2 (0.15)2
0.76 = 2(9.81)
ω = 25.74 rad/sec.
25.74 (60) r=0.60
ω= 2π
= 245.80 rpm
➂ Speed would it be rotated so that the pressure at

the center of the bottom of the tank is zero
ω 2 r2
y = 2g
ω2 (0.15)2
0.80 = 2(9.81)
ω = 26.41 rad/sec. y=0.80
26.41 (60)
ω= 2π
ω = 252.22 rpm
11. Solution :
40
S= = 0.08148 KN/cm2
π
(25)2
4
F
S=
A
10
0.08148 =
π 2
d
4
d = 12.5 cm = 125 mm
12. Solution :
P 93000
ρ= = = 1.16 kg/m3
R(C + 273) 287(273 + 6)
γ = ρg
γ = 1.16(9.81) = 11.4 KN/m3
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 6
1. Solution :
Ig
e=
Ay
1 h
(1.20)(3)3 y 1.20 m
0.15 = 36 1.0
1 C.G.
(1.2)(3)(h + 1) e =0.15 3m
2 C.P.
0.5
0.15 =
h+1
h + 1 = 3.33
h = 2.33 m.
2. b) Hydrometer

3. Solution :
Solution:
Lot A = cross-sectional area
of tube
P1 V1 = P2V2
P1 = 101.5 kN/m2
V1 = 3A
P2 = P1 + wh
P2 = 101500 + 9810x
V2 = (2 + x) A
101500(3A) = (101500 + 9810x)(2 + x) A
304500 = 203000 + 19620x + 101500x + 9810x2
x2 + 12.35x - 10.35 = 0
x = 0.787 m.
2m
w.s.
x
1m
1-x
4. Solution :
F1 = γhA Sp. gr.=0.8 h/2
F2
F1 = 9.81(0.8)( 4h )( h2 )(D)
2 h/2
F1 = 0.981h D H2O F2
F2 = γhA D
D
( )
h = 0.8 h2 + 4h
h/4
D
h = 0.65h F2
F2 = 9.81(0.65)h( h2 )(D) h/2

F2
F2 = 3.188 h2 D
D
F2
Ratio =
F1
3.188h2 D
Ratio = 2
= 3.25
0.981h D
5. Solution :
P = whA
⎛ h⎞
P1 = w ⎜ ⎟ (4h)
⎝ 2⎠
P1 = 2 wh2 w.s.
4 -h h 1 =h/2
h2 = h +
2 h1
A1 h
4m
2h + 4
h2 = -h
2 A2 (4-h)
h+4
h2 = 4m
2
⎛ h + 4⎞
P2 = w ⎜ ⎟ (4)(4 - h)
⎝ 2 ⎠
P2 = 2w(16 - h)
P1 = P2
2wh2 = 2w(16 - h2 )
h2 = 16 - h2
2h2 = 16
h2 = 8 = 4(2)
h=2 2
6. Solution :
P = whA
⎛ h⎞
P1 = w ⎜ ⎟ (4h)
⎝ 2⎠
P1 = 2 wh2 w.s. 14 kg
4 -h
h2 = h +
2
W=20 kg
2h + 4
h2 = -h
2
h+4
h2 =
2
⎛ h + 4⎞ BF=34 kg
P2 = w ⎜ ⎟ (4)(4 - h)
⎝ 2 ⎠
P2 = 2w(16 - h)
P1 = P2
2wh2 = 2w(16 - h2 )
h2 = 16 - h2
2h2 = 16
h2 = 8 = 4(2)
h=2 2
7. Solution :
L/2-0.60
0.60
W
w.s.
(0.15-y)
(0.15+y)
6.0
2/3(6)=4 m
W = 1000(0.30)(y)(6)
W = 1800y
W
y=
1800
Moment of man's weight = Moment of wedge shift
(0.15 - y)(3)
W(2.4) = 1000 (0.30)(4)
2
W(2.4) = 270 - W
2.4W = 270 - W
1.4W = 270
W = 193 kg
8. Solution :
F
h = 6 + 0.90 Sin 60˚ = 6.78 m
C
w.s
γ Sin 60˚ = 6.78 60˚
γ = 7.83 m 6.0 m
45˚ B hinge
P =γw hA
P = 9.81(6.78)(1.8)(1.8) A
60˚
P = 215.5 KN 1.8
1.8
F
C
Ig B
w.s
e= 60˚
Ss
6
3 h
1.8(1.8)
Ig = P
B hinge y
12 0.9
e
Ig = 0.8748 A
60˚
B
Ss = Ay
Ss = 1.8(1.8)(7.83)
P
Ss = 25.36 0.934
0.034
1.8
F Sin 45˚
0.8748 A
e=
25.6
e = 0.034
∑MB = 0
F Sin 45˚(1.8) = P(0.934)
F Sin 45˚ (1.8) = 215.5(0.934)
F = 158.14 KN
9. Solution :
➀ Total pressure on side wall:
ω = 200 rpm Imaginary y=8.04
water surface
200(2π)
ω = 60 = 20.94 rad/sec. Closed
h=20 h
ω 2 r2 H
y = 2g
(20.94)2 (0.6)2 4m
y= 2(9.81) = 8.04 m. 2
P
h= P=wh
γw 1.2 1.2
196.2
h = 9.81 = 20 m.
P = γw A T
F
= 20 + 8.04 + 2
T
= 30.04 m. 2.5mm
P = 9.81(30.04) π (1.2)(4) 1.2m 1m
P = 4444 kN
2.5mm
➁ Total pressure against the top = wt. of imaginary water at the top.
π (0.6)2 (8.04)
[
P = π (0.6) (20) +
2
2 ]9.81
P = 266.5 kN
➂ Max. intensity of hoop tension:

PD
St = 2t
P = γw H
P = 9.81(20 + 4 + 8.04)
P = 314.3 kPa
314.3(1.2)
St = 2(0.003)
St = 62862 kPa
St = 62.9 MPa
10. Solution :
➀ Vertical drop per km of length:
(3.6 + 1.6)(2)
A = 3.6(2) + 2
A = 12.40 m2
P = 3.6 + 2 + (2)2 + (2)2 + 1.6
P = 10.03 m.
A
R=P ➂ Average unit tractive force:
τ = γw RS
12.40
R = 10.03 τ = 9810(1.236)(0.000746)
R = 1.236 τ = 9.05 N/m2
Q = AV
AR2/3S1/2
Q= n
12.40(1.236)2/3 S1/2
30 = 0.013
S = 0.000746
Drop of channel bottom = 0.000746(1000)

Drop of channel bottom = 0.746 m/km
➁ Length of channel for normal flow:

H
S=L
4
0.000746 = L
L = 5362 m.
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 7
1. Solution :
1
V = n R2/3 S1/2
0.6
V=
π
(0.4)2
4
V = 4.77 m/s
D 0.4
R = 4 = 4 = 0.1
(0.1)2/3 S1/2
4.77 = 0.013
S = 0.083
hf
S= L
hf = 0.083(40) = 3.32 m.
0.0826 fLQ 2
hf =
D5
0.0826(0.012)(40)(0.6)2
hf = 5
= 1.39 m.
(0.4)
1. Solution : continuation
➂ Hazen Williams:
10.64LQ1.85
hf = 1.85 4.87
C D
10.64(40)(0.6)2
hf = 1.85 4.87
= 2.86 m.
(100) (0.4)
2. Solution :
Force at the bottom of the gate to maintain equilibrium if it is hinged
at the top:
F(2.5) = 2163(1.26)
F = 1090.15 kN
3. Solution :
P = γs h1
P = 9.81(3 + 3.06)
P = 59.45 kPa
4. Solution :
a
Cc =
A
⎛ π⎞
A = 0.819 ⎜ ⎟ (0.115)2
⎝ 4⎠
a = 0.0085 m2
5. Solution :
Energy absorbed by the jump:
QγwE
Energy absorbed = 746
3.72(9810)(0.1731)
Energy absorbed = 746
Energy absorbed = 8.47 hp
6. Solution :
➀ Rate of discharge:
Note: A wavy surface indicates a near critical depth
dc = 2.5 m.
3
q2
dc = g
q2
dc3 = g
3 q2
(2.5) = 9.81
q = 12.38 m3/s/m
Q = 12.38(4)
Q = 49.5 m3/s
➁ Slope of channel bed: ➂ Froude Number:

A = 4(2.5) V
A = 10 F=
gd
P = 4 + 2(2.5)
P=9 4.95
F=
A 9.81(2.5)
R=P F = 1.0
10
R= 9 2.5
R = 1.11
Q=AV 4
49.5 = 10V
V = 4.95 m/s
R2/3 S1/2
V= n
(1.11)2/3 S1/2
4.95 = 0.016
S = 0.00546
7. Solution :
➀ Min. energy content:
q = 1.86 m3/s
energy gradient
2
dc = 3 E
V2/2g
V2 1
2g = 3 E
2g E E
V= 3 dc
q=AV
2g E
1.86 = dc (1) 3
2 2g E
1.86 = 3 E (1) 3
2(9.81) E3
7.7841 = 3
E = 1.0598 m.
➁ Corresponding depth:
2
dc = 3 (1.0598)
dc = 0.71 m.
➂ Slope to maintain this depth: 0.71

Q=AV
1.86(12) = 0.71(12) V
V = 2.633 m/s 12
A 1
R=P V = n R2/3 S1/2
12(0.71) (0.635)2/3 S1/2
R = 12 + 2(0.71) 2.633 = 0.017
R = 0.635 S = 0.00367
8. Solution :
➀ Velocity of sound in water:
EB
C=
ρ
2.0164 x 109
C= 1000 = 1420 m/s (vel. of sound or celerity of pressure wave)
➁ Max. permissible discharge;

Ph = ρCV
1400000 = 1000(1420)V
V = 0.9859 m/s
Q = AV
π
Q = (0.15)2 (0.9859)
4
Q = 0.0174 m3/s
Q = 17.4 liters/sec
➂ Max. rise in pressure:

2L
t= C
2(1020)
t = 1420
t = 1.44 sec.
1.44
Ph = 5 (1400)
Ph = 504 kPa
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 8
1. Solution :
w.s
L=
2
0.0826fLQ 250
0m hf
hf = Q=
10
D5 m3
w.s
0.0826(0.018)(2500)(10)2
hf =
(3)5
hf = 1.53 m
Water
2. Solution :
A
h=150
1
d=450
PA + 9.81(0.15 + 0.45) – 9.81(10)(0.45) = 0

2
PA = 38.25 KPa B
Mercury
(sp. gr. = 10)

3. c) steady

4. Solution :
1(2.4)3
Ig =
12 w.s.
Ig = 1.152
2m
Ss = Ay y=h=3.2
1m
Ss = 1(2.4)(3.2) 2.4 m 2.4

e
Ss = 7.68 P
Ig
e=
Ss
1.152
e=
7.68
e = 0.15

5. Solution :
➀ Water could just reach the rim of the tank:
w 2 r2 r=0.5
y = 2g
w2 (0.5)2 1
2 = 2(9.81) y=2
2.5
w = 12.53 rad/sec. 1.5
12.53(60)
ω=
2π
ω = 119.64 rpm
➁ Depth of water at the center is zero:
w 2 y2
y = 2g 1.0
w2 (0.5)2 2.5 y=2.5

2.5 = 2(9.81)
w = 14.01 rad/sec.
14.01(60)
ω=
2π
ω = 133.76 rpm
➂No water at the bottom within 20 cm. from the vertical axis:
w2 (0.5)2
y = 2(9.81)
y = 0.013 w2
w2 (0.20)2
y - 2.5 = 2(9.81) 1.0
0.013w2 - 2.5 = 0.002w2 2.5
0.011w2 = 2.5 y
w = 15.08 rad/sec.
y-0.5
15.08(60)
ω= 0.20 0.20
2π
ω = 143.96 rpm
6. Solution :
➀Critical depth:
E = 2.1 m.
2 1.4
dc = 3 E
2
dc = 3 (2.1) 3
dc = 1.4 m.
➁Critical velocity:
➂Max. flow:
Vc = g dc
Q=AV
Vc = 9.81(1.4) Q = 3(1.4)(3.71)
Vc = 3.71 m/s Q = 15.58 m3/s
7. Solution :
17
Q= = 0.283 m3 /s
60
0.0826fLQ 2
hf =
D5
0.0826(0.019)(1000)(0.283)2
2=
D5
D = 0.575 m.
8. a) Discharge

9. Solution :
P=F+W
P = 9.81(1.03)(4.4)(0.6)(0.6) + 23.5(0.6)(0.6)(0.6)
P = 21.08 KN w.s.
P
4.4
F F
5

0.60 m W

0.60 m
10. d) uniform
11. Solution :
h
h1 =
2
⎛ 4 - h⎞ w.s.
h2 = h + ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ h1
h
h2
2h + 4 - h 4m
h2 =
2 4-h
h+4
h2 = 4m
2
P1 = γ w h1 A1
P1 = 9.81( h2 )(4)(h)
P1 = 19.62 h2
P2 = γ w h2 A 2
⎛ h + 4⎞
P2 = 9.81⎜ (4 - h)(4)
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
P2 = 19.62(4 + h)(4 - h)
P1 = P2
19.62 h2 = 19.62(4 + h)(4 - h)
h2 = 16 - h2
2h2 = 16
h = 2.828 m.
12. Solution :
➀ Total energy at point A
VA 2 PA
EA = + +d P B =48.3 kPa
2g w B D 2 =429 mm
QA
VA =
AA 4.6 m.
0.130
VA = π (0.154) 2 A
4 P A =70 kPa
VA = 6.98 m/s D 1 =154 mm
(6.98)2 70
EA = + +0
2(9.81) 9.81
E A = 9.62 m.
➁ Total energy at point B

VB 2 PB
EB = + + ZB
2g w
2
0.130 (0.90) 48.3
VB = π EB
= + + 4.6
(0.429) 2 2(9.81) 9.81
4
V = 0.90 m/s EB = 9.56 m.
B
12. Solution : CONTINUATION
➂ Head loss of the pipe

VA 2 PA VB 2 PB
+ + ZA = + + ZB + HL
2g w 2g w
9.62 = 9.56 + HL
HL = 0.06 m.
13. Solution :
F
w.s. w.s.
⎡ 1.8(1.8)(1.2) ⎤ Fv Fv
Fv = 9.81⎢1.8(1.8)(1.2) - ⎥
3
1.2
⎣ ⎦
Fv = 25.43 KN
17.8 kN
1.8 m
Vertical force required to lift the pyramid F
off the floor:

F = Fv + W
F = 25.43 + 17.8 = 42.23 KN 1.8 m
Opening
1.8 m
14. Solution :
P = 0.4(101.3) + 9.81(1.5)(1.2) = 58.18 KPa
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 9
1. Solution :
➀ Normal depth of flow:
2dd
A= 2d
2
A = d2
P = 2 2 d = 2.828d 1 1
A d
R= 1 1
P
d2
R = 2.828d
R = 0.354d
AR2/3S1/2
Q= n
d2(0.354d)2/3(0.006)1/2
0.40 = 0.012
d8/3 = 0.124
d = 0.457 m.
➁ Critical depth of flow:
2dc dc
A= 2 B=2dc
A = dc 2
B = 2dc
Q2 (A)3 dc
g = B
(0.40)2 (dc2)3
9.81 = 2dc
dc5 = 0.033
dc = 0.504 m.
➂ Type of flow.
d > dc subcritical
d = dc critical
d < dc super critical
0.457 < 0.504
Therefore the flow is super critical
2. Solution :
➀ Depth of trapezoidal channel:
For the rectangular section: 2.5 m

A = 7(2.5)
A = 17.50 m2
P = 7 + 2.5(2)
P = 12 m.
R=P
A 7m
17.50
R = 12 2b=8
R = 1.46 b/2 b b/2
Q= AV
S1/2
Q = A R2/3 n
b h h b
S1/2
21.81 = 17.50 (1.46)2/3 n 60˚ 60˚
S1/2 b=4
n = 0.968
For the trapezoidal section maintain S, n and Perimeter
P = 12
3b = 12
b=4
h = 4 Sin 60˚
h = 3.46 m.
➁ Increase in discharge: ➂ Max. shear stress on the sides of the channel:
h t = 0.76 gw d So
R=2 t = 0.76(9810)(3.464)(0.0004)
3.464 t = 10.33 N/m2
R= 2
R = 1.732
(8 + 4)
Q = 2 (3.464)
A = 20.784 m2
Q=AV
A R2/3 S1/2
Q= n Increase in discharge:
Q = 20.784(1.732)2/3 (0.968) ∆Q = 29.02 - 21.81
Q = 29.02 m3/s ∆Q = 7.21 m3/s
3. Solution :
➀ Discharge of pipeline 1.
hf1 = hf2 = hf3
600 Q12 800 Q22
=
(0.45)5 (0.4)5
Q1 = 1.55 Q2
Q2 = 0.645 Q1
600 Q12 700 Q32
=
(0.45)5 (0.5)5
Q3 = 1.205 Q1
Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 0.86
Q1 + 0.645 Q1 + 1.205Q1 = 0.86
Q1 = 0.3018 m3/s
➁ Discharge of pipeline 2.
Q2 = 0.645 Q1
Q2 = 0.645 (0.3018)
Q2 = 0.1947 m3/s
➂ Discharge of pipeline 3.
Q3 = 1.205 Q1
Q3 = 1.205 (0.3018)
Q3 = 0.3637 m3/s

4. Solution :
➀ Discharge of a 90˚ triangular weir:
Q = 1.4 H2.5
Q = 1.4(0.3)2.5 H=0.30 m
90˚
Q = 0.069 m3/s
Q = 69 liters/sec.
➁ Trapezoidal Weir:
tan 14.04˚ = 0.25
1
tan q = 4
The weir is a Cipolletti weir 14.04˚
Q = 1.859 LH3/2
L=2m
Q = 1.859(2)(0.3)3/2
Q = 0.611 m3/s
Q = 611 liters/sec.
➂ Contracted Weir:
Q = 1.84 L'H3/2
L' = L = 0.2H H=0.30 m
L' = 2 - 0.2(0.3)
L' = 1.94
L=2m
Q = 1.84 L'H3/2
Q = 1.84(1.94)(0.3)3/2
Q = 0.587 m3/s
Q = 587 liters/sec.
5. Solution :
➀ The total hydrostatic force on the dam in KN
0.6m
3.9
P =γwh A
1m W1
P = 9.81(3)(6)(1) w.s. 2.4
P = 176.58 KN
6m
P W2
2m
0.6 3.6
4.2 m
➁ The resisting moment of the dam to overturning in

KN.m
W1 = 0.6(7)(24) = 100.8 KN
7(3.6)
W2 = (24) = 302.4 KN
2
RM = W1(3.9) + W2(2.4)
RM = 100.8(3.9) + 302.4(2.4) = 1118.90 KN.m.
➂ Factor of safety against overturning

RM 1118.9
FS = = = 3.17
OM 176.58(2)
6. Solution :
El. 250m
➀ Headloss of pipe: B
150m
10.64LQ1.85 El. 100m
hf = 1.85 4.87 A
C D T
Q = 0.15 m3/s 250 mm ¿
10.64(100)(0.15)1.85
hf =
(120)1.85(0.25)4.87
hf = 3.87 m.
➁ Head extracted by the turbine:

VA2 PA VB2 PB
2g + w + Z A 2g + w + ZB + HE + HL
=
0 + 0 + 150 = 0 + 0 + HE + 3.87
HE = 150 - 3.87
HE = 146.13 m.
➂ Power generated by the turbine:

Power = QwE
Power = 0.15(9810)(146.13)
Power = 215030 watts
Power = 215.03 kW
7. Solution :
Consider 1-meter length of dam.
2m
P =γwh A
W1
P = 9.81(6)(12)(1) w.s.
P = 706.32 KN 20m
12m
P W2
W1 = 2(20)(1)(23.5) 4m
Heel Toe
W1 = 940 KN 4m
8(20) 7m
W2 = (1)(235) = 1880 8m
2
RM = W1 (7) + W2 (4)
RM = 940(7) + 1880(4) = 14100 KN.m.
OM = P(4)
OM = 706.32(4) = 2825.28 KN.m.
RM 14100
F.S. = = = 4.99
OM 2825.28
8. Solution : w.s.
h h1
h1 = h
h2
2 4m
⎛ 4 - h⎞ 4-h
h2 = h + ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 4m
2h + 4 - h
h2 =
2
h+4
h2 =
2
P1 = γ w h1 A1
P1 = 9.81( h2 )(4)(h)
P1 = 19.62 h2
9. Solution :
P = 9.81(0.8)(6)
P = 47.09
P = γw (sp.gr.)h Oil 6m
47.09 = 9.81(2.90)h h sp. gr. = (2.90) (0.80)
h = 1.66 m.

10. Solution :
Absolute pressure = 2.85(101.3) = 288.71 KPa
Gage pressure = absolute – atmospheric pressure
Gage pressure = 288.71 – 101.3 = 187.41 KPa
P
h=
γw
187.41
h=
9.81
h = 19.1 m. of H2 O
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 10
1. Solution :
0.0826fLQ 2 0.0826(0.025)(1000)(0.04)2
hf = = = 43.5 m.
D 5
(0.15) 5

2. Solution :
P 93000
p= = = 1.16 kg/m2
R(C + 273) 287(6 + 273)
γ = 1.16(9.81)
γ = 11.37 N / m3
3. Solution :
P = γw h
101.3 = 9.81 h
h = 10.32 m

4. Solution :
Pgage = 101.03 = - 61.03
Gage pressure at a depth of 1.5 m. below the water surface:
Gage pressure = - 61.03 + 1.5(9.81) = - 46.3 KPa
5. Solution : w.s.
➀ Total force on the gate 45˚
P=y hA h=10 m Hinged
y
P = 9.81(10)π(0.75)2 P C.G.
C.P. 0.75
P = 173.4 KN e
0.75
Point of action of the total force from the

C.G.
➁ C.P.
bottom on the plane of the gate 1.50 m
Ig
e= π 2
Ss S s
= (1.5) (14.14)
4
π(1.5)4 Ss = 24.99 m.
Ig =
64 Ig 0.249
Ig = 0.249 e = = = 0.01
Ss 24.99
Ss = Ay Point of action from the bottom
10 = y Sin 45˚ = 0.75 – 0.01
y = 14.14 m. = 0.74 m.
➂ Force normal to the gate at the bottom that will require to open it
w.s.
∑MA = 0
F(1.5) = 173.4(0.76) 45˚
Hinged
F = 87.8 KN A
P C.G.
C.P.
0.01 0.76
1.50 m
6. Solution :
➀ Critical depth:
E = 2.2 m.
2
dc = 3 E
1.47m
2
dc = 3 (2.2)
dc = 1.47 m. 6m
➁ Critical velocity:
Vc = gdc
Vc = 9.81(1.47)
Vc = 3.8 m/s
➂ Critical slope:
A = 6(1.47)
A = 8.82
P = 2(1.47) + 6
P = 8.94
A
R=P
8.82
R = 8.94
R = 0.987
R2/3Sc1/2
Vc = n
(0.987)2/3Sc1/2
3.8 = 0.012
Sc = 0.0021
W=4500 kN
W=5000
7. Solution : C.G. C.G.
➀ Due of barge in seawater w.s.

rolling 4m
4m
W = BF 3m D/2 3m
5000 = 30(10)D(1.01)(9.81) Bo D/2
D
D = 1.51 30 m
30 m 10 m
rolling
➁ Metacentric height if the barge is rolling:

I
MBo =
V M
W
30(10)3
I=
12 G
I = 2500 w.s.
3.245
V = 30(10)(1.51) Bo 0.755 4m
V = 453 10 m
0.755
2500
MBo = = 5.52
453
Metacentric height:
MG = MBo – GBo
MG = 5.52 – 3.245 = 2.27 m.
③ Metacentric height if the barge is pitching:

W M
I
MBo =
V G
10(30)3 w.s.
I= = 22500 3.245
12 Bo 0.755 4m
V = 30(10)(1.51) = 453 0.755
30 m
22500
MBo = = 49.67
453
Meta centric height:
MG = MBo – GBo
MG = 49.67 – 3.245 = 46.4 m.
8. Solution : w.s.
1(2.4)3
Ig = = 0.384 2.0
36 2.8
Ss = Ah 1.0
0.8 C.G.
1(2.4) e
Ss = (2.8) = 3.36 2.4 m
2 center of
pressure
Ig 0.384
e= = = 0.114
Ss 3.36
9. Solution :
➀ Normal depth of flow:
A = 2d
P = 2d + 2 d
A
R=P
2d
R = 2d + 2 2m
d
R=d+1
A R2/3 S1/2
Q= n
d
2d (d + 1)2/3 (0.002)1/2
8= 0.012
Try d = 1.51 m.
➁ Velocity of flow:
A = 2d w.s. 0.15m
A = 2(1.51) y2
A = 3.02 m2 y1
Q=AV
8 = 3.02 V B=2m
V = 2.65 m/s
③ Radius of curvature:
V2
tan θ = g r w.s.
0.15m
0.15 (2.65)2 y1
y2
2 = 9.81 r
B
r = 9.54
10. Solution :
➀Reynolds Number.
DV
Re = u
0.020(3)
Re =
4 x 10-5 ➂ Head loss of pipe.
Re = 1500 < 2000 f L V2
hf = D 2g
➁ Friction factor "f". 0.043(80)(3)2
64 hf = 0.020(2)(9.81)
f = Re
hf = 78.90 m.
64
f = 1500
f = 0.043
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
Quiz 11
1. d) All of the above

2. a) Hydrostatic uplift

3. a) weight of that volume of the liquid extending vertically

from the surface to the free surface of the liquid

4. b) Bernoullis

5. Solution :
ω2 (0.5)2
y = 2(9.81)
y = 0.013 ω2 1.0
ω2 (0.20)2
y - 2.5 = 2(9.81) 2.5
y
0.013ω2 - 2.5 = 0.002ω2
0.011ω2 = 2.5 y-0.5
ω = 15.08 rad/sec.
0.20 0.20
15.08(60)
ω=
2π = 143.96 rpm
6. Solution :
➀ Rate of flow of pipeline 1.
hf1 = hf2 = hf3 = 70 - 46 = 24 m.
10.64 L Q1.85
hf = C1.85 D4.87
1
10.64 (3000) Q11.85
24 = (120)1.85 (0.3)4.87 x A 2 B y
Q11.85 = 0.015
3
Q1 = 0.103 m3/s
➁ Rate of flow of pipeline 2.

10.64 (1300) Q21.85
24 = (120)1.85 (0.20)4.87
Q21.85 = 0.004806
Q2 = 0.056 m3/s
➂ Rate of flow of pipeline 3.

10.64 L Q1.85
hf = C1.85 D4.87
10.64 (2600) Q31.85
24 = (120)1.85 (0.25)4.87
Q31.85 = 0.00712
Q3 = 0.07 m3/s
7. Solution :
ω2 x2
y=
2g
dy ω 2
= 2x
dx 2g
dy
tan 45˚ = =1
dx
ω 2 (2)(0.1)
1=
2(9.81) 9.9(60)
ω= = 94.58 rpm
ω = 9.9 rad/sec. 2π
8. Solution :
➀ Volume flow rate in liter per minute
Q = AV
π ➂ Mass flow rate
Q = (0.1)2 (3)
4 M = ρA V
Q = 0.0236 m3/S ρ = 879 kg/m3.
Q = 23.6 liters/sec.
Q = 1416 liters/minute
➁ Weight flow rate in kN/S M = 20.7 kg/S

w = γ Av
Unit weight of benzene = 8.62 kN/m3.
⎛ π⎞
w = 8.62 ⎜ ⎟ (0.1)2 (3)
⎝ 4⎠
w = 0.203 kN/S
9. Solution :
Q γw E Q = AV
HP =
746 π
Q = (0.15)2 (36) = 0.64 m3 /sec.
V2 4
E=
2g Q γw E
HP =
(36)2 746
E=
2(9.81) 0.64(9810)(66.06)
HP = = 556 hp
E = 66.06 m. 746
10. Solution :
➀ Theoretical velocity of water as it hits the turbine blades
V = 2gh
Powerhouse
V = 2(9.81)(30) To
transmission
Tansformer
V = 24.26 m / s lines
Generator
30m
➁ Theoretical discharge of Gate
water in m3/s Turbine
Q = AV Tail water
π
Q= (0.6)2 (24.26)
4 Bedrock Penstock Draft tube
Q = 6.86 m3 / s
➂ Horsepower available from it

Qγ w E
HP =
746
6.86(9810)(30)(0.70)
HP =
746
HP = 1894 hp
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
Quiz 12
1. a) Cauchy number
2. Solution :
Using New England Water Works Association:
(p + p')d
t= + 6.25
45.62
p=γw h
p = 9.81(91.5)
p = 897.6 KPa
p = 0.8976 MPa
p' = 0.52 MPa (water hammer pressure)
(0.8976 + 0.52)(900)
t= + 6.25
45.62
t = 34.22 mm
3. a) steady

4. c) unsteady

5. Solution :
225
Sin θ =
3600
θ = 3.58˚
∑M G = 0
50(3)
4050x =
Cos 3.58˚
x = 0.037 m
0.037
Sin 3.58˚ =
MG
MG = 0.594 m. metacentric height
4000 3m
M
50
w.s. Gx
3/cos
3600
B
BF=4050 tons
225
6. Solution :
➀ Depth to which the plate must be lowered
lg
bh3 Ie =
Ig = Ss
36 1.296b
b(3.6)3 0.20 =
Ig = 1.8bh y
36 h = 3.6 m
Ig = 1.296b h
C.G. 3.6m
Depth of vertex: e=0.20
C.P.
Ss = Ay 2 P
y + (3.6) = h b
3.6(b) 3
Ss = (h)
2 2
y + (3.6) = 3.6
Ss = 1.8bh 3
y = 1.2 m
➁ Center of pressure
hcp = h + 0.20
hcp = 3.6 + 0.20
hcp = 3.8 m
➂ Width of plate
P=γ hA
(3.6)b
76.28 = 9.81(3.6)
2
b = 1.2 m
7. Solution :
➀ Linear velocity:
ω 2 r2
y = 2g
2
ω2 (2)2 y=4
4 = 2(9.81) 6
ω = 4.43 rad/sec. 4
V=rω r=2m
V = 2(4.43) = 8.86 m/s
➁ Speed in order that 6 cu.m. will be spilled out:

ω 2 r2
y = 2g
π(2)2 y π(2)2 (4)
- =6
2 2 2
y = 4.95 m. 4 y
ω 2 r2
y = 2g 4
ω2 (2)2
4.95 = 2(9.81)
ω = 4.93 rad/sec. r=2
4.93(60)
ω= 2π = 47.05 rpm
➂ Pressure at the center bottom of the tank:

48(2π)
ω = 60 = 5.03 rad/sec.
y
ω 2 r2 (5.03)2 (2)2 6
y = 2g = 2 (9.81)
y = 5.16 m. h
h = 6 - 5.16 = 0.84 m.
P = γw h = 9.81 (0.84)
P = 8.24 kPa
8. Solution :
The head lost between the adjacent pumps must be equal to the pressure head
produced by the pump.
P 600
h= = = 61.16 m
γ w 9.81
0.0826fLQ 2
hf =
D5
Q = 60 liters/sec.
Q = 0.06 m3 /sec
0.0826(0.035)L(0.06)2
61.16 =
(0.3)5
L = 14280 m
L = 14.28 km apart
9. Solution :
1400(3.79)
Q= 1 gallon = 3.79 liters
60
Q = 88.4 liters/sec.
Q = 0.0884 m3 /s
200
friction loss = = 20.39 m per 300 m
9.81
Qγ w E 0.0884(9810)(20.39)
HP = = = 23.70 hp
746 746
10. Solution :
2
A s dh
t=∫ El. 94 m
1 C L h3/2 1
2 El. 93 m
A s = 4.6(10000) 1
2
El. 92 m
A s = 46000 m
L
2
46000 h-3/2 dh
t=∫
1 1.94 L
2
46000 ⎛ 1 ⎞
30(60) = (- 2) ⎜ ⎟
1.94 L ⎝ h ⎠1
⎡ 1 1 ⎤
0.03796L = - ⎢ - ⎥
⎣ 2 1⎦
L = 7.72 m (length of spillway)
Vinegar Surface
11. Solution : 2m
➀ Depth of center of pressure of section A1
hc1 = 5.5 + e1 3m
Ig
e1 = 7m A1
Ss
(3)(7)3 A2 4m
Ig =
12
Ig = 85.75 3m 2m
Ss = A y
Ss = 3(7)(5.5)
Vinegar Surface
Ss = 115.5
85.75 2m
e1 = 115.5
5.5m
e1 = 0.742 h1=6.24 3.5m
hcg = 5.5 + 0.742
hcg = 6.24 m. P1 e1
3.5m
➁ Magnitude of hydrostatic force:
P1 = γw h A
P1 = 9.79(5.5)(3)(7)(0.80) Vinegar Surface
P1 = 905 kN
Ig
e2 = Ss
7m 5m
2(4) 3
Ig = 12 = 10.67 h2=7.19m
Ss = A y 2m
Ss = 2(4)(7)
Ss = 56 e2
10.67 2m
e2 = 56 = 0.19 P2
hcg = 7 + 0.19
hcg = 7.19 m. ③ Depth of center of pressure:
P hc = P1 h1 + P2 h2
P2 = γw h A 1344 hc = 905(6.24) + 439(7.19)
P2 = 9.79(7)(2)(4)(0.8) hc = 6.55 m.
P2 = 439 kN
P = P1 + P2
P = 905 + 439
P = 1344 kN
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 13
1. Solution :
1
V = n R2/3 S1/2
0.6
V=
π
(0.4)2
4
V = 4.77 m/s
D 0.4
R = 4 = 4 = 0.1 ➂ Hazen Williams:
(0.1)2/3 S1/2
4.77 = 0.013
S = 0.083
hf
S= L
hf = 0.083(40)
hf = 3.32 m.
0.0826 fLQ 2
hf =
D5
0.0826(0.012)(40)(0.6)2
hf =
(0.4)5
hf = 1.39 m.
2. d) Sluice gate
3. Solution :
Q1 = 0.25 m3 /s
0.0826fLQ12 0.0826(0.02)(600)(0.25)2
hf1 = = = 3.36 m
D15 (0.45) 5
hf2 = 4.5 - 3.36 = 1.4 m

fL 2 Q 22
hf2 = 5
(0.0826)
D 2
A hf 1
0.0826(0.02)(450)Q 22 4.5 m
1.14 = 5
hf 2
(0.3) 6m
3
Q 2 = 0.061 m / s B
L 1=6
1.5 m
Q1 = Q 2 + Q 3
00 m
¿
Q1 mm
D2 = 450 m
, D 1=
0.25 = 0.061 + Q 3
300
Q2
450
L2 =
C
3
Q 3 = 0.189 m /s
m
Q3
m¿
hf3 = 1.5 + hf2 4 50

m
=
L 3 3=?
hf3 = 1.5 + 1.4 = 2.64 m D
D
0.0826fLQ 23
hf3 =
D53
0.0826(0.02)(450)(0.189)2
2.64 =
(D3 )5
D3 = 0.40 m
D3 = 400 mm
4. Solution :
➀ Water hammer:
Q
V=
A
0.85
V=
⎛ π⎞ 2
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (1.2)
V = 0.75 m/s
Water hammer pressure :

Ph = ρ C V
1000(975)(0.75)
Ph =
1000
Ph = 731.25 KPa
➁ Water hammer pressure when the valve is closed in 4 sec.

2L 2(600)
t= =
C 975
t = 1.23 sec.
1.23(731.22)
Ph =
4
Ph = 225 KPa
➂ Water hammer when the flow rate drops from 0.85 to 0.28 m3/s:
0.85 0.28
V1 = V2 =
⎛ π⎞ 2 ⎛ π⎞ 2
⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (1.2) ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠ (1.2)
V1 = 0.75 m/s V2 = 0.25 m/s

Ph = ρ c ( ∆V)
1000(975)(0.75 - 0.25)
Ph = = 487.5 kPa
1000
5. Solution :
E C
ω r
2 2
y=
2g
200
mm
D A B
Equation (1) :
ω 2 (0.45)2 600 mm 150 mm
y=
2(9.81)
Equation (2) :
E C
ω (0.15)
2 2
y - 0.40 =
2(9.81)
400
mm
Equating (1) and (2) : D A B
ω 2 (0.45)2 ω 2 (0.15)2 y-0.40

- 0.40 =
2(9.81) 2(9.81) 600 mm 150 mm
0.00917ω 2 = 0.40
ω = 6.60 rad/sec.
6.60(60)
ω=
2π
ω = 63.03 rpm
6. Solution :
➀ Depth of water at the center of the vessel

w2r2
y=
2g
90(2π)
w= = 9.42
60 y /2
(9.42)2 (0.30)2 y
y= = 0.41 y /2
2(9.81) 0.90
0.60
y
d + = 0.60 d
2
0.41
d = 0.60 - 0.30 0.30
2
d = 0.395 m (depth of water at the center)
➁ Total pressure on the cylindrical walls

p = whA
⎛ 0.805 ⎞
p = 9810 ⎜ π(0.60)(0.805)
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
p = 5991 N
➂ Total pressure on the bottom of the vessel
Total pressure = π(0.30)2 (0.60)(9810) = 1664 N

7. Solution :
Q1 = 1.4 H15/2
3 = 1.4 (H1 )5/2
H = 1.356
Q 2 = 1.4 H25/2
H2 = 1.356 + 0.0015
H2 = 1.35793
Q 2 = 1.4(1.35793)5/2
Q 2 = 3.0083
⎛ 3.0083 - 3 ⎞
% Error = ⎜ ⎟⎠ 100
⎝ 3
% Error = 0.28%
8. Solution :
➀ Specific energy:
(10.8 + 6)
A= (1.2)
2 10.8
A = 10.08 m2 2.4 6 2.4
Q = AV
20.40 = 10.08 V
V2 1.2 1.2
Specific energy = +d 1 1
2g
3
68
2 2
(2.02)2
2.
E= + 1.2 = 1.41 m.
2(9.81) 6
➁ Slope of channel:
1
V = R 2/3 S1/2
n
P = 2.683(2) + 6
P = 11.366
A
R=
P
10.08
R= = 0.887
11.36
(0.887)2/3 S1/2
2.02 =
0.014
S = 0.00094
③ Ave. shearing stress:

τ = γw R S
τ = 9.81(0.887)(0.00094)
τ = 0.0082 kPa
τ = 8.2 N/m2
9. Solution :
➀ Location of upper plate from water surface:
3(3)3
Ig = 12
Ig = 6.75
y
Ss = A y
h
Ig
e = Ss C.G. 3m
e=0.08
6.75 C.P.
0.08 = 3(3) P
3m
= 9.375
y + 1.5 = 9.375
y = 7.875 m.
➁ Distance of center of pressure from the water surface:

Distance = 9.375 + 0.08
Distance = 9.455
➂ Hydrostatic force on the plate:

P=γ A
P = 9.81(9.375)(3)(3)
P = 827.72 kN
10. Solution :
Q = 1.84 L [(H + hv )3/2 - (hv )3/2 ]
V= 0.75 m/s w.s.
Q = AV H
Q = 6(1.5)(0.75)
1.5 m P
Q = 6.75 m3 /s Va
Q
Va =
A
6.75
Va =
6(2.5) 1.5
Va = 0.45 m/s
6m
Va2
hv =
2g 2.5
(0.54)2
hv =
2(9.81)
6m
hv = 0.01
6.75 = 1.84(6)[(H + 0.01)3/2 - (0.01)3/2 ]

(H + 0.01)3/2 = 0.611
H = 0.710 m
P + H = 2.5
P + 0.710 = 2.5
P = 1.790 m
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 14
1. c) Hydrokinetics

2. a) Archimedes
3. Solution :
Pgage = 101.03 = - 61.03
Gage pressure at a depth of 1.5 m. below the water surface:
Gage pressure = - 61.03 + 1.5(9.81) = - 46.3 KPa
4. Solution : V1
W = BF
0.75 (9.81)V = 9.81(0.85) V2
V = 1.133 V2 V2
V2 = 0.882 V
V1 = V - V2
V1 = V - 0.882 V W = V (9.81)(0.75)
V1 = 0.118 V V1 = 0.118 V
V1 0.0145 = 0.118 V
= 0.118
V V = 0.123 m3
V1 W = 0.123(9.81)(0.75)
V = 11.8%
W = 0.905 kN
5. Solution :
y = 0.30
w2 r2
y=
2g
150(2π)
w= = 15.71 rad/sec.
60
0.3m
(15.71)2 r 2
0.30 = 0.15m
2(9.81)
r = 0.15 m
D = 2(0.15) D
D = 0.30 m
6. Solution :
➀ Mass density
ρ = mass density
2230
ρ= = 227.32 kg / m3
9.81

➁ Mass if the volume is 0.001 m3
M = ρ Vol.
M = 227.32(0.001)
M = 0.23 kg
➂ Specific volume
1
Specific vol. =
ρ
1
Specific vol. =
227.32
Specific vol. = 0.044 m3 / kg
7. Solution :
V2
=8m
2g HL
V2 ⎡ 1 ⎤ H
HL = ⎢ - 1⎥ 8m
2g ⎢⎣ Cv ⎥⎦
⎡ 1 ⎤
HL = 8 ⎢ 2
- 1⎥
⎣ (0.98) ⎦
HL = 0.33 m
H = 8 + 0.33 = 8.33 m
8. Solution :
w.s.
θ
Q = 1.4 tan H
2
60˚ 0.30 m
Q = 1.4 tan (0.30)5/2
2 60˚
Q = 0.04 m3 / s
9. Solution : w.s.
➀Total force on the gate 45˚

P=y hA h=10 m Hinged
2
P = 9.81(10)π(0.75)
P y
P = 173.4 KN C.G.
C.P. 0.75
➁Point of action of the total force from e
the bottom on the plane of the gate 0.75
Ig π C.G.
e= Ss = (1.5)2 (14.14) C.P.
Ss 4
1.50 m
π(1.5)4 Ss = 24.99 m.
Ig =
64 Ig 0.249
Ig = 0.249 e= = = 0.01
Ss 24.99
Ss = Ay Point of action from the bottom
10 = y Sin 45˚ = 0.75 – 0.01
y = 14.14 m. = 0.74 m. w.s.
➂Force normal to the 45˚

gate at the bottom Hinged
that will require to A
open it P C.G.
C.P.
∑MA = 0 0.01 0.76
F(1.5) = 173.4(0.76) 1.50 m

F = 87.8 KN
10. Solution :
➀ Celerity of the pressure wave:
EB 2.07 x 109
C= = = 1438.75 m / s
ρ 1000
➁ Velocity of flow
Increase in pressure:
Ph = ρCV
700000 = 1000(1438.75)V
V = 0.486 m/s
➂ Water hammer pressure when it is closed in 3 sec:

2L 2(650) 0.904
t= = Ph = (700)
C 1438.75 3
t = 0.904 sec. Ph = 210.83 KPa
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 15
1. a) laminar

2. d) all of the above

3. c) turbulent

4. b) path line
5. Solution :
B El 160
➀ Headloss:
10.64LQ1.85 10.64(1000)(0.65)1.85
hf = = = 8.22 m.
C1.85D4.87 (120)1.85(0.6)4.87
mm
0
60
A El 100
P
➁ Head supplied by the pump:
V A2 P A V B2 P B
2g + w + ZA + HA = 2g + w + ZB + HL
0 + 0 + 100 + HA = 0 + 0 + 160 + 8.22
HA = 68.22
➂ Horsepower required to pump the water to B:

QwE 0.65(9810)(68.22)
HP = 746 = 746 = 583.12 hp
6. Solution :
➀ Total energy at point A
VA 2 PA
EA = + +d B P B =48.3 kPa
2g w
QA
VA = 4.6 m.
AA
0.130 A
VA = = 6.98 m/s
π
(0.154)2 P A =70 kPa
4
(6.98)2 70
EA = + + 0 = 9.62 m.
2(9.81) 9.81
➁ Total energy at point B

VB 2 PB
EB = + + ZB
2g w
0.130
VB = = 0.90 m/s
π
(0.429)2
4
(0.90)2 48.3
EB = + + 4.6 = 9.56 m.
2(9.81) 9.81
➂ Head loss of the pipe

VA 2 PA VB 2 PB
+ + ZA = + + ZB + HL
2g w 2g w
9.62 = 9.56 + HL
HL = 0.06 m.
7. Solution : 2
➀ Headloss of B:
1 4
HL = hf1 + hf2 + hf3
hf2 = hf3
10.64(300)(0.05)1.85
hf1 = = 4.51 m. 3
(120)1.85 (0.2)4.87
10.64(510)(0.05)1.85
hf4 = = 2.59 m.
(120)1.85 (0.25)4.87
HL = hf1 + hf2 + hf4
9 = 4.51 + hf2 + 2.59
hf2 = 1.9 m. (headloss of pipeline B)
➁ Discharge of pipeline C:
hf2 = hf3 = 1.9
10.64 L Q21.85 Q1 = Q2 + Q3
hf2 = 1.85 4.87 0.05 = 0.019 + Q3
C D
10.64(266) Q21.85 Q3 = 0.031 m3/s
1.9 = Q3 = 31 liters/sec.
(120)1.85 (0.16)4.87
Q2 = 0.019 m3/s
➂ Diam. of pipeline C:
10.64 L Q31.85
hf3 = 1.85 4.87
C D
10.64(190)(0.031)1.85
1.9 =
(120)1.85 (D)4.87
D4.87 = 0.000245
D = 0.18 m.
D = 180 mm.
8. Solution :
q2 ⎛ d1 + d2 ⎞
= d1 d2 ⎜ ⎟
g ⎝ 2 ⎠
q2 ⎛ 0.3 + 0.75 ⎞
= 0.3(0.75) ⎜ ⎟⎠
9.81 ⎝ 2
q = 1.076
Q = q(2.75)
Q = 1.076(2.75)
Q = 2.96 m3 / sec.
d2
d1
9. Solution :
➀ Discharge for a min. seepage: 6+2d
For min. seepage: d 6 d
θ
b = 4d tan 2 d d
45˚ 45˚
b = 4d tan 22.5˚
6 = 4d tan 22.5˚ b=6
d = 3.62
(6 + 2d + 6)d
A= 2
A = (6 + d)d Q = AV
A = (6 + 3.62)(3.62) Q = 34.82(0.8)
A = 34.82 m2 Q = 27.86 m3/s
➁ Discharge for most efficient section:

d = 6 Sin 60˚ 2b
b/2 b b/2
d = 5.20
(2b + b) d
A= 2 Q = AV b d d b
(6 + 12)(5.20) Q = 46.8(0.8) 60˚ 60˚
A= 2 Q = 37.44 m3/s
b=6m
A = 46.8 m2
➂ Discharge when depth of canal is 2/3 of base width:

2
d = 3 (6) = 4 14
4 6 4
(14 + 6)(4)
A= 2
1 d=4 d 1
A = 40 m2 1 1
Q = AV
Q = 40(0.8) 6
Q = 32 m3/s
10. Solution :
➀ Jet velocity if an 80 N horizontal force is required to permit the plate to move at a
constant speed of 2 m/s to the right.
F = ρ A (V1 - V2)2
80 = 1000 ( π4 )(0.05) (V - 2)
2
1
2
V1 2 m/s
(V1 - 2)2 = 40.744 80 N

V2 - 2 = 6.38
V1 = 8.38 m/s
➁ Jet velocity if the plate is stationary.
F = ρ A V12
V1
80 = 1000
π
4
( )
(0.05)2 V12 80 N
V1 = 6.38 m/s
➂ Jet velocity if the plate is to move at a constant speed of 2 m/s to the left.
F = ρ A (V1 + V2)2
80 = 1000 ( π4 )(0.05) (V + 2)
2
1
2
V1
(V1 + 2) = 6.38 80 N 2m/s

V1 = 4.38 m/s
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 16
1. b) uniform
2. a) discharge
3. a) unsteady

4. d) water hammer av a
5. Solution : 30˚
ah
➀ Horizontal component of the acceleration
ah = 2 Cos 30˚
ah = 1.73 m/s2 30˚
➁ Vertical component of the acceleration

av = 2 Sin 30˚
av = 1 m/s2
➂ Angle that the water surface makes with the horizontal

ah
tan ø =g + a W
v
1.73
tan ø = 9.81 + 1 (Wah)/g W+W(1)/g
ø = 9.09˚
(Wav)/g W(1.73)/g
6. Solution :
➀ Load placed outside the cylinder:
W1 + W2 = BF1 + BF2
! 2
3.825 + W2 = (1) (1.5)(9.81) + V(9.81)
4
W
V= D
W2
V = 110
W2 (9.81)
3.825 + W2 = 11.56 + 110
0.91 W2 = 7.735
1mø
W2 = 8.5 kN
w.s.
W1
➁ Load placed inside the cylinder:
1.5m W3
W1 + W3 = BF Lead
! 2
3.825 + W3 = (1) (1.5)(9.81)
4
W3 = 7.73 kN BF2
1mø w.s.
➂ Additional load to make the top 3.825

flush with the water surface:
addition load
2m W4
! 2 Lead
3.825 + 7.73 + W4 = (1) (2)(9.81) 7.73
4
W4 = 3.85 kN
BF2
7. Solution :
➀ Discharge of canal with one side vertical and the other sloping at 45˚:
(4.5 + d + 4.5) d
A= 2
4.5 d
A = (4.5 + 0.5d) d
3
d = 4 (4.5) d d
d = 3.375 45˚
A = [4.5 + 0.5(3.375)] 3.375
b
A = 20.88 m2
Q = AV
Q = 20.88(1.2)
Q = 25.06 m3/s
➁ Discharge if the canal has the most efficient section:

(2b + b) d
A= 2 2b
d = 4.5 Sin 60˚
d = 3.897
(3b) d d d
A= 2 b=4.5
60˚ 60˚
3(4.5)(3.877)
A= 2 b=4.5
A = 26.30 m2
Q = AV
Q = 26.30(1.2)
Q = 31.56 m3/s
➂ Discharged for a canal with minimum seepage:
d
tan 60˚ = x
x = 0.577d
For min. seepage x b x

θ
b = 4d tan 2
d d
b = 4d tan 30˚
b = 2.31d 60˚ 60˚
4.5 = 2.31d b
d = 1.95 m.
x = 0.577(1.95)
x = 1.125
(b + 2x + b) d
A= 2
A = (b + x) d
A = (4.5 + 1.125)(1.95)
A = 10.97 m2
Q = AV
Q = 10.97(1.2)
Q = 13.16 m3/s
8. Solution :
Q1 = 1.4 H5/2
Q1 = 1.4(0.6)5/2 H1=0.6
Q1 = 0.39 m3/s 90ß
Q2 = 1.84 LH3/2
0.39 = 1.84(4H)(H)3/2
H5/2 = 0.053 H
H = 0.309
L = 4(0.309) L
L = 1.235 m
9. Solution : L
a=1/2g
a y
tan θ = h
g
( 21 )g
tan θ =
g
θ = 26.6˚ angle the water surface makes with the horizontal
Angle the water surface makes with the vertical
= 90 – 26.6˚ = 63.44˚
10. Solution :
m
Q = 1.84 L’ H3/2 0.3
L’ = L – 0.20 H
L’ = 2 – 0.20(0.3)
L’ = 1.94 m.
Q = 1.84(1.94)(0.3)3/2 2 m
L=
Q = 0.587 m3/s
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
Quiz 17
1. Solution :
BF = 0.40
π(10)2 h
(0.0008) = 0.40 0.40 kg
4 new liquid
surface
h = 6.37 cm
y
y + Z = 6.37
π π h
z
(10)2 z = [(13)2 - (10)2 ]y
4 4 6 cm
100z = 69y d original
z = 0.69y BF
liquid
surface
10 cm
y + 0.69y = 6.37 13 cm
y = 3.77 cm
z = 6.37 - 3.77
z = 2.6 cm
Therefore, the solid cylinder will float a depth of d :

d = 8 - 2.6
d = 5.4 cm
2. Solution :
➀ Draft of the barge
W = BF
5000 = 30(10)D(1.01)(9.81)
D = 1.51
W=4500 kN
W=5000
C.G. C.G.
rolling 4m
w.s. 4m
3m D/2 3m
D
Bo D/2
30 m 10 m
30 m pitching
➁ Metacentric height with respect to rolling:

I W M
MBo =
V
30(10)3 G
I=
12 w.s.
3.245
I = 2500 0.755
Bo 4m
V = 30(10)(1.51)
0.755
V = 453 10 m
2500
MBo = = 5.52
453
Metacentric height:
MG = MBo – GBo
MG = 5.52 – 3.245 = 2.27 m.
③ Metacentric height with respect to pitching:
I
MBo =
V W M
10(30)3
I=
12
G
I = 22500
w.s.
V = 30(10)(1.51) = 453 3.245
0.755 4m
22500 Bo
MBo = = 49.67
453 30 m
0.755
Meta centric height:
MG = MBo – GBo
MG = 49.67 – 3.245 = 46.4 m.
3. Solution :
γ = 10 + 0.5h P = 10h + 0.5h2
P=γh P = 10(5) + 0.5(5)2
dP = γ dh P = 56.25 KPa
dP = (10 + 0.5h) dh
4. Solution : 0.60 m
w.s.
W1 1.5 m
P =γwh A
W2
P = 9.81(3.3)(3.6)(1) h=3.3
1.8
P = 116.54 KN
W1 = 0.60(1.5)(1)(9.81) e W3
P
W1 = 8.83 KN 1.8
W2 = 0.6(3.6)(1)(23.5) y
W2 = 50.76 KN
3.4(3.6) 3.4(2)/3=2.27
W3 = (1)(23.5)
2 3.4 m
W3 = 143.82 KN 3.7 m
4m
Ry = W1 + W2 + W3
Ry = 8.83 + 50.76 + 143.82 = 203.4 KN
µR y 0.60(203.4)
F.S. = = = 1.05
P 116.54
5. Solution :
V2 P
E= + +Z
2g γ w
V 2 65.6
17.5 = + +3 Q γw E
2g 9.81 HP =
746
V = 12.38 m/s (velocity of flow)
0.024(9810)(17.5)
Q = AV HP =
746
π
Q= (0.05)2 (12.38) HP = 5.52 hp
4
Q = 0.024 m3 /sec.

6. Solution : 30 cm
water
W = wV W
W = 18850(0.3)(0.3)(0.25) 25 cm 20 cm
W = 424.125 N x
mercury
BF = Wf Vs BF
BF = W
(13.6)(9810)(0.3)(0.3)x + 9810(0.3)(0.2) = 424.125
x = 0.02 m
x = 2 cm The bottom of the block is 2 cm below water- mercury interface.
7. Solution :
F = 825 825
QW
F= V
g
825 = Q(1000)V
0.825 = QV
F Water jet
D=60mm ø
Q = AV
π
Q = (0.06)2 V
4
Q = 0.002827 V
0.825 = 0.002827 V(V)
V = 17.1 m / s
8. Solution :
Pabs = Patm + Pgage
Pabs = 101.3 + (- 9.81)(13.6)(0.16) = 122.65 KPa
9. Solution :
h
0 + 0.76 – 13.6x – 0.45(0.8) = 0 760
H 2O 450
mm mm
x = 0.029 m Oil
x
x = 29 mm
760 = 29 + 450 + h
h = 281 mm Mercury (13.6)
10. Solution :
➀ Velocity of the jet:
V22 = V12 - 2g h 2 HL
0 = V12 - 2(9.81)(8)
V12 H
2g = 8 Orifice h=8m
V1 = 12.53 m/s 1
➁ Head loss of orifice:
V12 1
HL = 2g [ 2 - 1]
Cv
1
HL = 8 [ - 1]
(0.98)2
HL = 0.33 m.
③ Head of orifice:
H = 0.33 + 8
H = 8.33 m.
11. Solution :
Consider 1-meter length of dam. 2m
P =γwh A
W1
P = 9.81(6)(12)(1) w.s.
P = 706.32 KN
W1 = 2(20)(1)(23.5) 20m
W1 = 940 KN 12m
P W2
8(20) 4m
W2 = (1)(235) = 1880 Heel Toe
2
4m
RM = W1 (7) + W2 (4)
7m
RM = 940(7) + 1880(4) = 14100 KN.m.
8m
OM = P(4)
OM = 706.32(4) = 2825.28 KN.m.
RM 14100
F.S. = = = 4.99
OM 2825.28
12. Solution :
Area of ABD = area of sector AOD - area of triangle BOD
π(6)2 (60˚) 5.20(3)
A1 = - = 11.05 m2 PV
360˚ 2 w.s.
Area of water above arc AB: B
A = 5.2(3) – 11.05
A = 4.55 m2
5.20 5.20 6m
Fv = 9.81(4.55)(3)
Fv = 134 KN
60˚
A hinge
3m D 3m C
- NOVEMBER 2017 -
\ Quiz 18
1. Solution :
Total wt. = 19.64 + 18.072
Total wt. = 37.712 kg
Total wt. = 37.712(9.81)
Total wt. = 369.95 N
2. Solution : 2
Patm = 101.3 kPa V2=3V
P 1V 1 = P 2V 2
P1 = 101.3 + 9.81H (abs) H
P2 = 101.3 (abs)
then: V1=V
(101.3 + 9.81H) V = 101.3(3V) 1
9.81H = 101.3(3) - 101.3
H = 20.65 m.
3. Solution :
Constant angular velocity that
can be attained without spilling
any water.
1
ω 2 r2
y = 2g y=2
3
ω2 (0.5)2
2 = 2(9.81)
w = 12.53 rad/sec.
r=0.5
4. Solution :
0.0826(0.012)(1200)(1.295)2
hf3 =
(0.45)5
hf3 = 108.10 m.
Elev. C = 150 + 25.90 - 108.10

Elev. C = 67.8 m.
5. Solution :
➀ Semi-circular section:
D
R=4
Q=AV r
A R2/3 S1/2
Q= n
2/3
πD2 ⎛ D ⎞
(0.0062)1/2
4 ⎜⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
1.2 =
0.012
D8/3 = 0.587
D = 0.82 m.
0.82
Depth of channel = 2
Depth of channel = 0.41 m.
➁ Rectangular section:
d
R=2
b = 2d
A = bd
A = 2d2 d
Q=AV
A R2/3 S1/2
Q= n b=2d
d
2d2 (2)2/3 (0.0062)1/2
1.2 = 0.012
d8/3 = 0.1452
d = 0.485 m.
5. Solution : (CONTINUATION)
③ Triangular section:
2dd
A= 2
A = d2 2d
P = 2 (2) d
A d
R=P
2d 45˚ 45˚ 2d
d2
R=
2 2d
R = 0.354 d
Q=AV
A R2/3 S1/2
Q= n
d2 (0.354d)2/3 (0.0062)1/2
1.2 = 0.012
d8/3 = 0.366
d = 0.69 m.
6. Solution :
Lot A = cross-sectional area of tube
P1 V1 = P2V2
2m
P1 = 101.5 kN/m2
V1 = 3A w.s.
P2 = P1 + wh
x
P2 = 101500 + 9810x 1m
V2 = (2 + x) A 1-x
101500(3A) = (101500 + 9810x)(2 + x) A

304500 = 203000 + 19620x + 101500x + 9810x2
x2 + 12.35x - 10.35 = 0
x = 0.787 m.
7. Solution :
➀ Average rate of flow:
Q1 = 1.84 LH3/2
Q1 = 1.84(200)(4)3/2 4m
Q1 = 2944 m3 /s
Q 2 = 1.84(200)(0)3/2
Q2 = 0
2944 + 0 L=200 m
Qave = = 1472 m3 / s
2
➁ Time the flow over the weir lasted:

Volume 1000000
t= = = 679.35 sec.
Qave 1472
➂ Depth of water after 300 sec:
Vol.
t=
Q 4m
540000 2.88
300 =
Qave
Qave = 1800 m3 /s L=200 m
Q1 = 1.84(200) H3/2
1800 = 1.84(200) H3/2
H = 2.88 m. PB
8. Solution : PA
A=800 cm2
65696 (1200)
P= A=1200 cm2
(100)2
h=2m
P = 7883.52 N
sp. gr. = 0.80

9. Solution :
➀ Specific gravity relative to ocean water: W
1
V1 = 7 V
V1
W = BF
V (64)(sp. gr.) = V2 (64) V2
V2 = V - V1
BF
1 6
V2 = V - 7 V = 7 V
6
V(64)(sp. gr.) = 7 V (64)
sp. gr. = 0.857 (relative to ocean water
➁ Specific gravity relative to pure water:

giceberg = 64(0.857)
giceberg = 54.85 pcf.
54.85
Sp. gr. of iceberg = 62.4
Sp. gr. of iceberg = 0.879
(relative pure water
➂ Portion of its volume if floating in pure water:

6
V2 = 7 V
(62.4)(V2) = V (62.4)(0.879)
V2 62.4 (.879)
V = 62.4
V2
V = 0.879
V2 = 0.879 V
V1 = V - V2
V1 = V - 0.879 V
V1
V = 1 - 0.879
V1
V = 0.121
V1
V = 12.1%

10. Solution :
P =γwh A 1.8 m
steel
hoop
P = 9.81(1.5)(3)(1.8) 2T1
B
P = 79.46 KN
∑MA = 0
2T1 (3) = 79.46(1) 3m 3m
P
T1 = 13.24 KN
∑Fh = 0 1m
2 T1 + 2 T2 = P steel A
2T2
2(13.24) + 2 T2 = 79.46 hoop
T2 = 26.48 KN
26.48
Ratio = =2
13.24

Hydraulics 1 18 Sol

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- NOVEMBER 2017 -

4. a) Elevation and pressure head

➁ Normal slope if n = 0.017

➂ Average shearing stress

➁ Head loss from A to B:

➁ Actual stress if h = 500 m.

Vol. displaced in seawater:

Draft in fresh water = 8.594 m. h

➂ Constant angular velocity that

➁ Rate of flow in pipeline reservoir C:

Elev. of reservoir at C = 285 + 3.36 - 52.20

Sp. gr. = 1.35

Unconfined compression strength of clay deposit :

Q = 0.125 m3 /s Air 15 kPa

Q = 125 liters / sec. h3

➂ Power loss in watts

F(6) + 176.58(1) = 706.32(2)

➁ Speed would it be rotated so that 1.40 liters of r=0.15

➂ Speed would it be rotated so that the pressure at

F2 = 9.81(0.65)h( h2 )(D) h/2

γ Sin 60˚ = 6.78 60˚

➂ Max. intensity of hoop tension:

Drop of channel bottom = 0.000746(1000)

➁ Length of channel for normal flow:

➁ Slope of channel bed: ➂ Froude Number:

➂ Slope to maintain this depth: 0.71

➁ Max. permissible discharge;

➂ Max. rise in pressure:

PA + 9.81(0.15 + 0.45) – 9.81(10)(0.45) = 0

Ss = 1(2.4)(3.2) 2.4 m 2.4

➁ Depth of water at the center is zero:

w2 (0.5)2 2.5 y=2.5

0.013w2 - 2.5 = 0.002w2 2.5

➁ Total energy at point B

12. Solution : CONTINUATION

➂ Head loss of the pipe

Vertical force required to lift the pyramid F

off the floor:

For the rectangular section: 2.5 m

➁ The resisting moment of the dam to overturning in

➂ Factor of safety against overturning

Q = 0.15 m3/s 250 mm ¿

➁ Head extracted by the turbine:

➂ Power generated by the turbine:

➀ Total force on the gate 45˚

P=y hA h=10 m Hinged

Point of action of the total force from the

bottom on the plane of the gate 1.50 m

➀ Due of barge in seawater w.s.

➁ Metacentric height if the barge is rolling:

③ Metacentric height if the barge is pitching:

1. d) All of the above

3. a) weight of that volume of the liquid extending vertically

➁ Rate of flow of pipeline 2.

➂ Rate of flow of pipeline 3.

➁ Weight flow rate in kN/S M = 20.7 kg/S

water in m3/s Turbine

➂ Horsepower available from it

➁ Speed in order that 6 cu.m. will be spilled out:

➂ Pressure at the center bottom of the tank:

hf2 = 4.5 - 3.36 = 1.4 m

hf3 = 1.5 + hf2 4 50