What is a MOS

Transistor?

 It consists of semiconductor material

(silicon) on which is grown a thin layer
(1...50 nm) of insulating oxide, topped
by a gate electrode.

❑ Gate electrode
• was originally metal, specifically
aluminium, but is now more commonly
a layer of polycrystalline silicon (referred
to as polysilicon).
MOS Capacitor
 Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistor

Simplified Schematic of a
MOSFET
n-channel MOSFET p-channelMOSFET
Substrate(Channel) p N
GateElectrode n+ p+
SourceandDrain n+ p+
Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Field Effect Transistor

 MOSFET Symbols
 MOS Transistor

 Transistors consist of three terminals; the

source, the gate, and the drain

 Both the source and the drain are

negatively-charged and sit on a positively-
charged well of p-silicon
 MOS Transistor

 When positive voltage is applied to the

gate, electrons in the p-silicon are attracted
to the area under the gate forming an
electron channel between the source and
the drain.

 When positive voltage is applied to the

drain, the electrons are pulled from the
source to the drain.
 MOS Transistor

 If the voltage at the gate is removed,

electrons aren't attracted to the area
between the source and drain. The
pathway is broken and the transistor
is turned off
Complementary MOS
Transistors (CMOS)

 If one were to fabricate PMOS and

NMOS devices on the same substrate
to build complementary MOS (CMOS)
circuits, there would be a basic
inconsistency in substrates
VDD

A Y = A'

GND
Complementary MOS
Transistors (CMOS)
 A variant of MOS transistor uses both
c.hannel and p-channel devices to
make the fundamental building block
❑ as inverter or not gate
 Its advantages:
❑ lower power consumption
❑ symmetry of design
 If in = +, n-channel device is on, p-
channel is off, out is connected to -
 If in = -, n-channel is off, p-channel is
on, out is connected to +
 No current flows through battery in
either case

out
in
N
CMOS Inverter
CMOS Inverter
CMOS NAND Gate
CMOS NAND Gate
CMOS NAND Gate
CMOS NAND Gate
CMOS NOR Gate
 CMOS AOI Gates

 AOI (AND-OR-INVERT): Enable the sum-of-

products realization of a Boolean function
in one logic gate.
Example: OUT = A1A2A3+B1B2+C1C2C3
 CMOS OAI Gates

 OAI (OR-AND-INVERT): Enable the

product-of-sums realization of a Boolean
function in one logic gate.
Example: OUT = (A1+A2+A3)(B1+B2) C1