Introduction to Psychiatry Mental health is a spectrum.

Dr. Kenneth Europa | February 11, 2022

 Everyone has mental health.

 There are myths on mental illness.

Mental health
 A state of well-being, three domains:
o Realizes his or her own potential
o Cope with the normal stresses of life
o Can work productively
 Able to make a contribution to the community
 WHO definition of health

Mental disorders

 They comprise a broad range of problems, with

different symptoms. There is NO ONE /
pathognomonic symptom to diagnose a mental
disorder. Diagnosis is based on criteria (DSM-5).

Mental health problem

Domains of Functionality
1. Intrapersonal Causes – Multi-factorial
2. Interpersonal 1. Biological
3. Work/School 2. Psychological
3. Social/Environmental
 o Our next defense is
rationalization/justification.
o Our next defense is denial.
o Then there is psychotic breakdown,
delusion when an individual cannot cope
up.

The Diagnostic Tree

The Common Medical Disorders

Psychotic
a. Schizophrenia

Main Categorical Disorders

A. Neurosis  Delusion of grandeur – Megalomania

o Anxiety
B. Psychosis
o Loss of reality testing
C. Personality

People breakdown because of failed defense

mechanisms.
 Major stressors of an individual (4Ps):
1. Pagkain
2. Pinansyal
3. Pag-ibig
4. Pamilya
 There is a pathophysiology for breakdown.
o Our primary defense is repression.
 For confirmation of diagnosis of
Schizophrenia, you need 2 out of 5.
 Duration of illness: 6 months
Impairment in functioning: Present

Note:

 There is difference between mental disorders and

mental health issues.
 Questions in the exam are based on Prof’s lecture.
 DSM-5 CRITERIA basis -- Symptom criteria, Duration,
Functionality, Exclusion criteria (Substance-abused
etc)