Essential Mathematics

for AI
LECTURE 3: BASIS, DOT PRODUCT, ANGLE, CROSS PRODUCT, NORM
Basis for Subspace
Let V be a subspace of Rn for some n.
A basis of V is a set of vectors {v 1, v 2, …, v r} in V such that:
1. V = Span{v 1, v 2, …, v r}
2. the set {v 1, v 2, …, v r} is linearly independent.
Norm
Let
Definition:
Mathematically, a norm is any function f that satisfies
1. If f(x) = 0 then x =0
2. f x + y ≤ 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑦) (Triangle Inequality)
3. For any scalar α, 𝑓(αx) = 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) (Linearity)
Vector Space: A Vector Space V is a (non-empty) set with two operations Vector Addition and
Scalar Multiplication that obeys the 10 rules
Reference
Introduction to Linear Algebra by Gilbert Strang
Thank You