Women and Men in Davao Region 2005

Women.
nd
In Davao Region
c: -.C:__ -•
Republika ng Pilipinas
PAMBANSANG LUPON SA UGNAYANG PANG.ESTADISTIKA
(NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD)
21F Amparo Bldg., J.P. Laurel Ave., Bajada, Davao City
With funding assistance from:

@ Mindanao Working Group on Reproductive Health, Gender and Sexuality
@ Development of Peoples Foundation
Women
IN DAVAO REGION
2005 STATISTICAL HANDBOOK
II
Republika ng Pilipinas
NATIONAL STATISTICAL COORDINATION BOARD
(PAMBANSANG LUPON SA UGNAYANG PANG-ESTADISTlKA)
2/F Amparo Bldg., J.P. Laurel Ave., Bajada, Davao City
htlp:/Iwww.nscb.gov.ph/ru11
With funding assistance from:

• Mindanao Working Group on Reproductive Health,
Gender and Sexuality
• Development of Peoples Foundation
N S' C
RECEIVED
DATE
8'(.
JOl 0 G 2ldOS
_
INTRODUCTION
The development of gender statistics for Davao Region is largely a

dimension of a more far-reaching and ultimate goal of attaining equality of
women and men perpetuated by earlier efforts on gender and development
(GAD) in the national and international circles. Among such initiatives was
the Improvement of Gender Statistics project of the NSCB and the United
Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific which
produced the very first Women and Men in the Philippines Statistical
Handbook in 1995 with funding assistance from the United Nations
Development Fund for Women.
With a strong mainstreaming mechanism in place, such as the Davao City

Women Development Code of 1997, the formulation of statistical indicators
seemed as inevitable as the need to present a more factual picture of
women situation, magnify relevant issues and concerns, implement
appropriate programs, and monitor the effectiveness of interventions not
only in Davao City but in the entire region as well. The publication of the
gender statistical handbook, Women and Men in Southern Mindanao
2000 was a pivotal step towards sustaining the dynamism of the women's
movement in the region as valiantly pursued in Davao City and in the
provinces of Davao del Norte and Compostela Valley and Davao del Sur.
The new publication, Women and Men in Davao Region 2005 is an
update of this regional statistical handbook.
Data Framework
In keeping with the Women and Men in Southern Mindanao 2000, this
statistical handbook touches on the core of the Gavao City Women
Gevelopment Code by adopting the eleven (11) gender issues and
concerns as the framework for the identification, compilation, analysis, and
assessment of gender statistics for Davao Region, as follows:
<j? Violence against women <j? Gender and development

<j? Cultural identity of women <j? Political and public sphere
<j? Women's health <j? Labor and employment
<j? Special sectoral concerns <j? Education
<j? Socio-economic benefit for <j? Rural women's rights
women <j? Women and children support
iii
Enabling Mechanisms for the Development of Gender Statistics
Gender and development (GAD) in Region XI follows a progressive path

that virtually took off at the grassroots levels. One of the pioneering
initiatives on women empowerment in the country was the Women
Development Code of Davao City. Enacted on 17 September 1997
through City Ordinance No. 5004, the Code provides a set of legislative
measures approximating a comprehensive and wholistic approach in
addressing women issues and concerns.
The monitoring of its implementation was done through a Gender Watch
Monitoring Committee created under the Gender Watch Project of the
Development of Peoples Foundation, a non-governmental organization
based in the region. The Committee has been designated by the Davao
City Sangguniang Panlunsod to deveiop the monitoring mechanism,
statistical indicators, and guidelines for the implementation of the Code.
The NSCB Regional Division XI sits as a member of the Gender Watch
Committee. It provided technical assistance in the conduct of these
activities: (a) design of the monitoring tools and forms; (b) field monitoring;
(c) collation and analysis of the field monitoring results; (d) provision of
expertise on gender responsive statistics and database system.
With the creation of the Integrated Gender and Development Division,

(IGDD), under the Office of the City Mayor, Davao City in 2004, the task of
monitoring was transferred to the IGDD. The Gender Watch Committee,
having attained reputable status in gender monitoring, embarked on
sharing its experiences and expertise with other cities in Mindanao by
replicating best practices in monitoring gender concerns, focusing on
Reproductive Health, (RH). The NSCB Regional Division XI assisted in
formulating the RH Statistical Framework identifying the indicators on
reproductive health that were used in developing the monitoring forms for
reproductive health services in selected cities of Mindanao.
This impetus for mainstreaming Gender and Development by the NGOs

was also duplicated at the regional level through the RDCXI. In 2002,
having realized the need for a' government coordinating body to
mainstream gender concerns in planning, policy formulation and, and even
in monitoring and evaluation of programs and projects especially at the
subnational level, a number of GOs and NGOs in Region XI, including the
NSCB RDXI, established the Regional GAD Coordinating Committee,
(RGADCC). The Regional Development Council XI adopted the RGADCC
as special committee on November 2004.The NSCB Regional Division
Head sits as sectoral representative to the RGADCC representing the
Government Sector together with the Regional Director of the DBM XI.
iv
POPULATION AND FAMILIES
Population and development are interrelated. High population growth and

fertility pose difficult problems in health, employment, agriculture and the
environment. Women should especially be concerned about this issue
because they bear the extra burden that a rapidly growing population
brings with it. Caring for too many children cuts the amount and quality of
childcare that parents can give. While most men confine themselves •
mainly to economic production, women take prime responsibility as home
managers, child bearers and rearers of children and the elderly. Below are
the priority issues in this sector:
<j? serious implication of changing population size, family structure,

emerging typologies of families, composition and distribution vis-a-vis
available resources/services on the status of women;
<j? multiple burden due to inclination of family members to define certain

roles for men and women; and
<j? need to address gender issues of the youth, elderly, disabled women
and men as well as ethnic groups/indigenous peoples.
The data presented in this sector were sourced from the National Statistics
Office.
1-2 Population and Families
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 1.1 POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP AND SEX: 1-3

2000
.Table 1.2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP 1-5

AND SEX RATIO: 2000
Table 1.3 POPULATION 10 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY 1-7

MARITAL STATUS: 1995 and 2000
Table 1.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE AND 1-8

BY SEX OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD: 2000
FIGURES
Figure 1.1 POPULATION PYRAMID OF DAVAO REGION: 1-4

2000
Figure 3.2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION PYRAMID OF 1-7

DAVAO REGION: 2000
Population and Families 1-3
Table 1.1
POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP AND SEX
2000
2000
Age Group Female Male Sex
Number Percent Number Percent Ratio
All Ages 1,799,282 48.94 1,876,881 51.06 104

0-4 223,485 49.10 231,706 50.90 104
5-9 229,883 48.85 240,695 51.15 105
10-14 225,119 49.39 230,675 50.61 102
15-19 200,902 50.13 199,888 49.87 99
20-24 168,555 49.14 174,474 50.86 104
25-29 142,884 48.67 150,667 51.33 105
30-34 128,706 48.64 135,914 51.36 106
35-39 112,890 48.41 120,294 51.59 107
40-44 96,747 48.06 104,542 51.94 108
45-49 77,009 47.89 83,779 52.11 109
50-54 56,986 47.72 62,426 52.28 110
55-59 41,403 48.04 44,787 51.96 108
60-64 . 34,983 48.21 37,582 51.79 .107
65-69 23,901 49.31 24,572 50.69 103
70-74 16,442 49.31 16,903 50.69 103
75-79 9,982 51.05 9,572 48.95 96
80 + 9,405 52.81 8,405 47.19 89
Note: Based on the new Region XI configuration (Davao Region)
Source: 2000 Census of Population. National Statistics Office

Figure 1.1
POPULATION PYRAMID OF DAVAO REGION
2000 Census
80 Y'" & above.:J

75 -79 Y"'KJ
70 - 74 Y"'-=:J
65 - 69Y"'-=:J
60 - 64 Y'" .-=::::::J
55-59y",; •• :::~
50- 54 Y"'._C:::~
45 - 49 Y"' ••• ::::::::::J
40.44 Y'" •••• ===::::J
35 - 39 Y"'•••• I::::::::::::j
30 - 34 Y'" ••••• ::::::::::::::::J
Y"'••••••
25 - 29 =====::J
Y"'•••••••
20 - 24 ======::J
15 - 19 Y"'
•••••••• C======:::J
10 -14 Y"' •••••••• -=:::::::::::::::::::::::::J ,.
5.9Y"'••••••••• E========~
0-4 Y"'••••••••• C=======::::J ,-
.Wo[llen OMen
Source: 2000 Census of Population, National Statistics Office
In 2000. men outnumber women in almost all age groups, though the
difference was not very significant. The gender discrepancy was more
notable in the age groUP5 45-64 years old and 75 years old and above. It
is also notable that the population of the children aged 0 • 4 year old is
less than the population of children aged 5 - 9 years old.
The region had a relatively young population as 49 percent of women and

48 percent of men were aged 19 years old and below. Together, the
elderly and the youth comprised more than half of the population, a
situation which passes the burden of earning income for their sustenance
to the working age population.
Population and Families 1-5
Table 1.2
HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP AND SEX RATIO
2000
2000
Age Group Female Male Sex
No. % No. % Ratio
All Ages 1,797,530 48.97 1,873,121 51.03 104
0-4 223,445 49.10 231,634 50.90 104

5.9 229,832 48.85 240,617 51.15 105
10-14 225,031 4940 230,521 50.60 102
15-19 200,600 50.13 199,568 49.87 99
20-24 168.246 49.19 173,810 50.81 103
25-29 142.671 48.74 150,036 51.26 105
30-34 128,547 48.70 135,419 51.30 105
35.39 112,788 48.46 119.951 51.54 10~
40-44 96,637 48.09 104,309 51.91 108
45-49 76,907 47.93 83,539 52.07 109
50-54 56,910 47.77 62,221 52.23 109
55.59 41,344 48.07 44,664 51.93 108
60-64 34,944 48.23 37,516 51.77 107
65-69 23,865 49.32 24,520 50.68 103
70-74 16,410 49.30 16,873 50.70 103
75-79 9,966 51.07 9.547 48.93 96
80 + 9,387 52.85 8,376 47.15 89
Note: data IS based on the new Region XI configurat!on (Davao Region)
Source: 2000 Census of Population. National Statistics Office
Household Population is defined as the aggregate of private household

population. Compared to total population, this excludes population
enumerated in institutional households such as national/provincial/
municipality/city jails/detention centers, military camps, tuberculosis
pavilions, mental hospitals, leprosarialleper colonies or drug rehabilitation
centers. (Definition of Terms and Concepts Used in the RSET, NSCB)
Figure 1.2
HOUSEHOLD POPULATION PYRAMID OF DAVAO REGION
2000 Census
80 yrs & Over .:J
75 • 79 yrs .:J
70.74yrs ~
65 • 69 yrs -=:J
.-=::J
60 • 64 yrs
55 • 59 yrs
50 • 54 yrs ••
._=:1
1::=:1
45.49 yrs ••• C:==::J
40.44 yrs •••• ===:::::J
35.39 yrs •••• -=====J
30.34 yrs ••••• c:====:1
25.29 yrs ••••• _=====::1
20.24 yrs •••••• _======::J
15.19 yrs •••••••• c:======:::J
10.14 yrs ••••••••• ========:::::J
5.9 yrs ••••••••• c:========:::J
0.4 yrs •••••••• -=========:J •
• Women OMen
In 2000 Household Population of Davao Region, men outnumber women

in almost all age groups, though the difference was not very significant. It
is notable that women outnumber men in the age brackets 75 years old
and above.
Population and Famifies 1-7
Table 1.3
POPULATION 10 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY MARITAL STATUS:
1995 and 2000 (in percent)
1995 a! 2000
Marital Status
Female Male Female Male
Single 21.29 24.97 20.44 24.26
Legally Married 24.02 23.85 22.26 22.24
Widowed 2.33 0.86 2.60 0.99
Separated! 0.32 0.21 0.50 0.38

Divorced
Common Law! 1.05 1.01 2.65 2.69
Live-in
Unknown 0.05 0.04 0.48 0.51
Note: aJ based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: 1995 and 2000 Censuses of Population, National Statistics Office
In both census years, there were more widows than widowers. In 2000
census, there were almost 3 widows for every 2 widowers.
Meanwhile, there are more single males than single females.

Table 1.4
DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE AND
BY SEX OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD: 2000 (in percent)
Household Size Female-Headed Male-Headed
All Households 10.83 89.17
1 1.54 2.91
2 2.11 7.32
3 1.99 13.38
4 1.72 17.23
5 1.28 15.68
6 0.90 12.32
7 0.57 8.54
8 and over 0.72 11.78
Source: 2000 census of Population, National Statistics Office
Men head most households in Davao Region. In 2000 census, there were
8 male-headed households for every 1 female-headed household.
The average size of female-headed households in 2000 was about 4

persons while that of male-headed households was about 5 persons.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Violence against women, (VAW), is any act of gender-based violence that

results, or is likely to result, in physical, sexual, or psychological harm or
suffering to women including threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life." (UN 1995.
Paragraph 114 Violence Against Women. Fourth World Conference on
Women: Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action).
In Davao Region, the priority issues and concern pertaining to violence

against women are the following:
<j> Increasing incidence of domestic violence;
<j> Increasing incidence of prostitution and sex trafficking;
<j> Inadequacy of laws and measures to protect women.
Data on violence against women are useful for the government to
formulate measures to prevent and eliminate YAW. However, these data
are often limited and scarce, Perpetrators of these acts are usually related
or known by the victims, hence, the underreporting of the violence.
The Philippine National Police provides some statistics on rape, battery,

incest and other forms of violence against women. These reflect only
reported cases. In some limited cases, health statistics also incorporate
collection of YAW cases. However, it is only lately that few local
government hospital personnel are being trained to be sensitive to YAW
cases.
This chapter presents provincial/city data on rape and other forms of

violence against women. Included are statistics on details of the cases
such as age group of victims, relation of suspecUs to the victims, age
group of suspecUs, scene of the crime, weapons/means used by the
perpetrator/s, time of commission, status of case, disposition of the case,
suspect's influences in committing the crime, and data on VAW offenders.
The sources of data in this chapter are the Philippine National Police
(PNP) Regional Command (RECOM) XI, mostly from the Women and
Children's Desk, (WCD).
The limitations in the data on violence against women are the non-
availability of essential indicators such as pedophilia, sex trafficking,
intimidation at work, forced sterilization and forced abortion were not
2-2 Violence Against Women
included due to lack of efficient reporting mechanism in the responsible

agencies.
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 2.1 NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES BY TYPE, DAVAO 2-4

REGION: 2002-2004
Table 2.2 NUMBER OF RAPE CASES, BY 2-6
PROVINCE/CITY: 2001-2004
Table 2.3 NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF VIOLENCE 2-7
AGAINST WOMEN BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 2.4 NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE 2-8
AGAINST WOMEN BY RELATION TO SUSPECT
AND BY PROVINCE CITY: 2004
Table 2.5 NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE 2-9
AGAINST WOMEN BY AGE OF SUSPECT AND
BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 2.6 NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF VIOLENCE 2-10
AGAINST WOMEN BY AGE OF VICTIM AND BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 2.7 PLACE OF OCCURRENCE OF VIOLENCE 2-11
Table 2.8 PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST 2-12
WOMEN BY SEX OF SUSPECT AND BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 2.9 WEAPONS/MEANS USED BY PERPETRATOR/S 2-13
IN COMMITIING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Table 2.10 TIME OF COMMISSION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST 2-14
WOMEN BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Violence Against Women 2-3
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 2.11 INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE ON 2-15

PERPETRATORS IN COMMITTING VIOLENCE
AGAINST WOMEN, BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 2.12 DISPOSITION OF CASES OF VIOLENCE 2-16
~Table 2.13 MEDICO-LEGAL STATUS OF CASES OF 2-17
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 2.14 NUMBER OF CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST 2-18
WOMEN BY STATUS OF THE CASE BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
FIGURES
Figure 2.1 NUMBER OF RAPE CASES IN DAVAO REGION 2-5

1998-2004
Table 2.1
NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES BY TYPE, REGION XI
2002-2004
Type 2002 2003 2004
Total 1,615 1,303 1,405
Rape 150 136 132
Murder 264 304 367
Homicide 394 99 96
Physical Injuries 348 346 364
Robbery 146 154 148
Theft 313 264 298

Source: Philippine National Police, Regional Command (RECOM) XI
Rape has been the least committed crime among index crime in 2003 and
2004. Its share to total index crime was 10.4 percent in 2003 and 9.4
percent in 2004. Physical injuries comprised more than 25 percent of the.
total index crime committed in 2003 and 2004.
Figure 2.1
NUMBER OF RAPE CASES IN DAVAO REGION
1998-2004
300
200 j
100 t-------------~
o~------_--_--_---_--_--_
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Note: 1998-2001 data are based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: Philippine National Police, Regional Command (RECOM) Xl
The number of rape cases in the region showed a decreasing trend from
1998 to 2004 with an accelerated decrease of 75 percent in 2004.. The
massive decrease in the number of rape cases in 2004 may be brought
about by the reclassification of some rape cases to RA 9262 Anti ,vAWC
Act of 2004.
Table 2.2
NUMBER OF RAPE CASES, BY PROVINCE/CITY:
2001-2004
Province/City 2001 2002 2003 2004
Tolal 223 150 136 94
Davao Oriental 20 55 58 5
Davao del Norte 20 16 14 11
Compostela Valley 14 15 23 32
Davao Del Su r 58 g 6 14
Davao City 58 55 35 32
Note: 2001 data are based on the old RegIon XI configuration
Source: Philippine National Police. Regional Command (RECOM) XI
Davao City had the highest incidences of reported rape cases from 2001 to
2004. In 2004 Davao Oriental had the lowest incidences of rape cases.
Davao Oriental, however, had the second highest reported cases of rape
in 2002 and 2003.
While there was a general downtrend in reported rape cases in most of the
provinces, the number of such cases continued to rise in Compostela
Valley Province.
Table 2.3
NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province
Cases Cavao Davao Davao Davao Total
ComVal
Oriental del Norte del Sur ' City
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665

Rape 5 11 32 14 32 94
Physical Injuries 25 54 8 20 140 247
RA 9262 aI 2 2 7 20 184 215
Acts of
1 3 5 3 13 25
Lasciviousness
Attempted Rape 1 3 4 5 3 16
Concubinage 0 0 1 1 2 4
Abduction 0 - 0 0 0 0 0
Sexual
0 0 0 0 0 0
Harrassment
Theft/Robbery 0 0 0 0 0 0
Homicidel
0 0 0 0 0 0
Murder
Others 4 12 6 5 37 64
Note: al AntI-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004
Source: Philippine National Police (PNP), RECOM XI. Women and Children's Desk
Physical injuries and offenses under RA9262 were the most common
forms of violence against women in Davao Region. For the year 2004
alone, there had been 247 cases of physical injuries inflicted on women,
and 215 cases under RA 9262.
Davao City had the highest reported VAW cases comprising more than
half, (62 percent) of the total VAW cases in Davao Region.
Table 2.4
NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
BY-RELATION TO SUSPECT AND BY PROVINCE CITY: 2004
Province
Relation to Total
Davao Oavao Davao Oavao
Suspect Oriental del Norte
ComVal
del Sur City
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
Father 0 0 3 1 5 9
Step Father 0 2 5 0 1 8
Husband 16 39 9 30 207 301
Live-in Partner 7 4 2 3 86 102
Boyfriend 1 0 6 5 11 23
Relative 4 8 5 6 22 45
Stranger 1 8 20 8 43 80
Employer 1 1 0 0 9 11
Neighbor 8 22 8 15 27 80
GanglGroup 0 1 0 0 0 1
Undetermined 0 0 5 0 0 5
Source: Philippine National Police (PNP), RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
More than half or 88 percent of the perpetrators of violence against women

in Davao Region were known to the victim, specifically, 70 percent were
relatives of the victim. Only 12 percent were strangers.
Out of the total number of offenders related to the victims, 61 percent were
husbands or live-in partners of the latter.
Table 2.5
NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
BY AGE OF SUSPECT AND BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province
Age of Suspect Davao Davao Davao Oavao Total
ComVal
Oriental del Norte del Sur City
Tolal 38 85 63 68 411 665
Below 18 Years 0 3 8 0 3 14
18-25 8 13 11 9 62 103
26-35 12 21 15 25 125 198
36-45 12 23 16 14 95 160
46-55 3 18 8 6 59 94
56 and above 0 5 1 4 18 28
undetermined 3 2 4 10 49 68
Almost five out of ten perpetrators of violence against women in Davao

Region were relatively young, within the age group 18-35 years old. This
characteristic of offenders was true in most of the provinces except in
Davao del Norte where many of offenders or were slightly older within the
36 years and above age bracket.
Table 2.6
NUMBER OF REPORTED CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
BY AGE OF VICTIM AND BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province
Age of Victim Oavao Davao Davao Davao Total
ComVal
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
18-25 14 17 25 20 111 187
26-35 14 27 23 26 151 241
36-45 6 23 9 14 107 159
46-55 2 14 0 6 29 51
56 and above 1 4 2 2 7 16
undetermined 1 0 4 0 6 11
Most of the victims of violence against women were young. More than half
or 64percent were within the age bracket of 18 to 35 years. There were
fewer victims of age 56 and above.
Davao City has the most number of victims of violence against women in
all age brackets while Davao Oriental has the least number of victims.
Table 2.7
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Province
Scene of the
Cavao Davao Cavao Cavao Total
Crime ComVal
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
House 27 55 41 58 327 508
Office/School 0 1 7 0 3 11
Motel/Hotel/Inn 0 0 4 0 3 7
Others 11 29 11 10 78 139
Source: Philippine National Police (PNP). RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
Seventy six (76) percent of all cases of violence against women occurred
in a domestic setting while 21 percent occurred in other places, such as in
the streets. The rest of the crimes were committed either in office/school
and motel/hotel/inn.
Table 2.8
PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN BY SEX OF
SUSPECT AND BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Perpetrators
Province/City Women Men Total
No. I % No. I % No. I %
Total 24 3.61 641 96.39 665 100.00
Davao Oriental 2 5.26 36 94.74 38 100.00
Davao del Norte 16 18.82 69 81.18 85 100.00
Compostela Valley 0 0.00 63 100.00 63 100.00
Davao del Sur 3 4.41 65 95.59 68 100.00
Davao City 3 0.73 408 99.27 411 100.00
Ninety six (96) percent of the perpetrators of crimes against women were
men. Men offenders outnumbered women offenders in all provinces in
Davao Region.
Table 2.9
WEAPONS/MEANS USED BY PERPETRATOR/S IN COMMITTING
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province
Weapons/ Means
Davao Davao Davao Davao Total
Used ComVal
Tolal 38 85 63 68 411 665
Firearm 0 1 1 0 2 4
Blunt Instrument 1 1 8 1 18 29
Bladed Weapons 8 3 18 8 27 64
Hands/Fists/Kicks 22 42 17 46 232 359
Others 7 38 19 13 132 209
Five (5) out of 10 cases of violence against women in the region were
done using the perpetrators' hands, feet and fists.
Except in Compostela Valley, most of the crimes in the different provinces

and cities were committed with the use of hands and fists.
Table 2.10
TIME OF COMMISSION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Province
Time of Total
Commission Davao Davao ComVal
Davao Davao
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
12:00mn - 6:00am 5 9 12 7 60 93
6:00am - 12:00nn 5 0 0 12 85 102
12:00nn - 6:00pm 17 23 14 19 74 147
6:00pm - 12:00mn 9 51 22 25 173 280
Undetermined 2 2 15 5 19 43
Most VAW crimes were committed at night from 6:00 PM to 12:00

midnight, except for Davao Oriental. Crimes were least likely to happen
between 12:00 midnight and 6:00 in the morning.
Table 2.11
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE ON PERPETRATORS IN COMMITIING
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province
Substance Total
Davao Davao Davao Oavao
Taken ComVal
del Sur City
Oriental del Norte
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
Drugs 0 0 7 1 2 10
Alcohol 16 49 20 26 153 264
Both 0 0 2 1 14 17
None 22 36 34 40 242 374
Source: PhIlippine National Police (PNP), RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
Slightly more than half or .56 percent of crimes against women were
committed without any substance influence. Forty four (44) percent of the
offenders were under the influence of drugs, alcohol or both.
The same trend was observed in all provinces and cities but Davao del
Norte, where offenders who were under the influence of drugs and alcohol
outnumbered those who were not.
Table 2.12
DISPOSITION OF CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Province
Disposition of
Oa .•.ao Oavao Oavao Davao Total
Case ComVal
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
Arrested 5 13 25 12 78 133
Warrant Issued 0 0 6 14 3 23
On Bail 29 51 10 19 1 110
At Large 0 0 14 1 329 344
Others 4 21 8 22 0 55
Source: Philippine Natlonal Police (PNP). RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
More than half or 57 percent of the offenders of violence against women

were still at large in 2004; only 20 percent were arrested; only 4 percent
were issued a warrant of arrest.
Except in Davao City, there were more offenders who were arrested and
issued warrants of arrests than those who were still at large in all provinces
in Davao Region.
Table 2.13
MEDICO-LEGAL STATUS OF CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
Province
Medico-Legal
Davao Davao Oavao Total
Status Da'l/aa
ComVal
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665
Availed 23 67 60 56 173 379
Not Availed 10 12 1 12 195 230
Pending 5 6 2 0 43 56
More than half or 57 percent of the cases of violence against women

passed through medico-legal. Medico legal assistance was not availed of
in 230 cases or 35 percent of total cases.
Meanwhile, only 56 or 8.4 percent of the total cases has pending status.
Table 2.14
NUMBER OF CASES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN BY STATUS OF
THE CASE BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province
Status of the
Cavao Oavao Davao Davao Total
Case ComVal
Onental del Norte del Sur City
Total 38 85 63 68 411 665

Filed in Court 2 23 59 41 56 181
Referred to 0 0 0 7 3 10
Private Lawyer
Referred to 10 43 0 6 267 326
Barangay
Referred to 1 0 3 2 46 52
DSWD/CSSDO
Settled 8 19 1 12 39 79
by parties
at the PNP
Under Police 17 0 0 0 0 17
Investigation
A total of 181 cases or 27 percent of the cases of violence against women

were filed in court and investigations were pending.
Twelve (12) percent were settled, while the other cases were referred to
Barangays, DSWD, CSSDO, Police, and private lawyers.
POLITICAL AND PUBLIC SPHERES OF WOMEN
Women empowerment is most visible through political participation,

usually manifested in the voting pattern, and election or appointment to
critical positions in government.
Ironically, it is also here in the political and public spheres that women
suffer from discrimination. Considering that women comprise more than
half of the region's population, gender equality in political leadership and
decision-making has not yet been fully attained.
In Davao Region, the pclitical and public arena shows that:
<il Majority of elected officials are men;

<il Women voters are greater than men voters; and
<il While women outnumber men in government work force, most of them
occupy the lower level positions.
The data presented in this chapter include the number of elected officials,
by sex; number of registered voters by sex; number of personnel, by sex;
and number of peacekeeping personnel, by sex.
Sources of data include the Commission on Election (COMELEC) XI for

data on voting and election results; Civil Service Commission (CSC) XI for
the number of government personnel; and Philippine National Police -
NAPOLCOM XI for peacekeeping personnel, and the Gender Watch
Committee.
There are several relevant data that are not included in this chapter due to
their unavailability in the region. Statistics such as the number of women
and men in decision making positions in the executive, judiciary, and
special bodies; and number of women and men who are members!
decision makers of labor unions. There is also a need for information on
the political and public participation of indigenous women in the region.
3-2 Political and Public Spheres of Women
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 3.1 NUMBER OF ELECTED OFFICIALS BY 3-3

POSITION: Election Years 2001 and 2004
Table 3.2 NUMBER OF REGISTERED VOTERS AND 3-5

PERCENTAGE OF VOTING BY PROVINCEI
CITY: May 10, 2004 Election
Table 3.3 NUMBER OF WOMEN AND MEN IN THE 3-6

POLICE FORCE IN DAVAO REGION:
2003 and 2004
FIGURES
Figure 3.1 PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN 3-4

ELECTED OFFICIALS: 1998
Figure 3. 2 PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN 3-7

GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL: 1997 and 1999

PERSONNEL IN SELECTED AGENCIES IN
REGION XI, BY POSITION: 2001
Political and Public Spheres of Women 3-3
Table 3.1
NUMBER OF ELECTED OFFICIALS BY POSITION
Election Years 2001 and 2004
2001" 2004
Position
Women Women Women Men
TOTAL 124 662 BB 477

Member. House of 2 12 1 10
Representatives
Governor 2 4 1 3
Vice Governor 1 5 0 4
Provincial Board Member 5 53 10 30
Mayor 5 62 3 45
Vice Mayor 7 60 4 44
Councilor 102 466 69 341

Note: 2001 data are based on the old Region XI configuration
Source of basic data: Commission on Election XI
Women continued to comprise a relatively small proportion of the total

number of local electoral seats in Davao Region. Women maintained its
share of 16 percent of electoral seats in 2001 and 2004
Women won 3 of the 48 mayoralty positions in Davao Region in 2004.

While there was only 1 woman elected in the House of Representatives,
out of 11 available positions.
Figure 3.1
PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN ELECTED OFFICIALS
2004
DWomen • Men
•• 83.2
III 91.7
II 93.7
__ 75.0
100.0
__ 75.0
Uen'tler, Hooseol R~
liD 90.9
Source of basic data: Commission on Election XI
In 2004, all elected vice-governors in Davao Region were men. The

proportion of women in elective positions was relatively high for the
gubernatorial positions, membership in provincial boards and
citylmunicipal councils.
Men largely occupied the Mayoral and Vice-Mayoral positions.

Table 3.2
NUMBER OF REGISTERED VOTERS AND PERCENTAGE OF VOTING
BY PROVINCE/CITY: May 10, 2004 Elections
Registered Voters Percentage of Voting

Province/City
Women Men Women Men
Total 1,046,440 1,095,952 76% 75%
Davao del Sur 590,258 594,905 68% 68%
Davao del Norte 207,314 218,393 78% 78%
Compostela Valley 137,125 160,031 79% 75%
Davao Oriental 111,743 122,623 79% 78%

Source: Commission on ElectIon XI
While there were more registered men voters, women were generally
more diligent in exercising their right of suffrage than men in the May 14,
2004 national elections as shown by the higher percentages of voting
among women.
Women's political participation is mostly expressed in the grassroots and

community organizations, in movements for transformation of society such
as the feminist, environmental, peace human rights, consumers and other
movements. They often comprise majority of the participants and are
resolute in the exercise of their right of suffrage.
Men were the more aggressive in assuming positions of leadership and

decision making as reflected in the bigger number of men candidates in
the elections.
Table 3.3
NUMBER OF WOMEN AND MEN IN THE POLICE FORCE IN DAVAO
REGION: 2003 and 2004
Women Men
Designation Total
Number I Percent Number I Percent
2004
Total 352 7.33 4,450 92.67 4,802
Officers 34 10.79 281 89.21 315
Non-Officers 318 7.09 4.169 92.91 4,487
2003
Total 289 6.74 4,000 93.26 4,289
Officers 19 6.44 276 93.56 295
Non-Officers 270 6.76 3.724 9324 3,994
Notes: Officers - are those who hold positions of Inspector to Supenntendent.

Non-Officers - are those who hold position of Police Officer 1 (POI) to Senior Police Officer 4 (SP04)
Source: DILG - NAPOLCOM XI
More men than women were involved in the job of ensuring peace and
order in the region. In 2003 and 2004, 93 percent of the entire police force
was composed of men.
In 2004, among officers and non-officers. 11 percent and 7 percent.

respectively, were women. This means that there was one woman for
every 8 men officers, and one woman for every 13 men non-officers in the
region.
The percentage of women police officers increased from 6 percent in 2003

to 11 percent in 2004.
Figure 3.2
PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL
1997 and 1999
IJWomen IJ Men
1999 42.7
33.1
o 50 100
Note: 1997 and 1998 data are based on the old Region XI configuration.
Source: Civil Service Commission XI
. In both years, 1997 and 1999, there were more women than men
government personnel in Region XI.
In 1997, 67 percent of govemment personnel were women while only 33

percent were men. However, in 1999, the difference between the number
of women and men government personnel was smaller. The proportion of
men government personnel increased to 43 percent while women
decreased to 57 percent.
Figure 3.3
PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN PERSONNEL IN SELECTED
AGENCIES IN REGION XI, BY POSITION: 2001
iii Female o Male
RD/ARDIDepl Hea
Mid Mgt/Div Chi.
Non-Tech Staff
Unclassified
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0
Source: Development of Peoples Foundation, 4111 Gender Watch Watch Monitoring Report
During the last monitoring round of the Gender Watch Committee, there
were 27 agencies monitored in Davao City consisting of 17 regional line
agencies and 10 local government units under the Davao City
government.
As of second semester 2001, females dominate almost all of the positions

except for the RD/ARD/Department Head position. Only 31 percent of the
Regional Director/Assistant Regional DirectorlDepartment Heads were
women.
CULTURAL IDENTITY OF WOMEN
Muslims and indigenous peoples such as the Lumads, Bagobos,

Mandayas, B'/aans and other tribes form a significant portion of the
region's populace. Most of them are poor and marginalized in society.
This chapter provides helpful inforrr.ation for magnifying the plight of these
indigenous peoples with the hope of stirring consciousness and
recognition of their rights and potentials. Though generally inadequate,
these data should be relevant enough in directing program planners and
implementors to enhance their programs and projects for these minorities.
Gender issues concerning indigenous women in Southern Mindanao are

as follows:
<jJ loss of ancestn31land which impacts most on women since they are
often left behind to care for their family once men leave the traditional
means of livelihood in the village;
<jJ environmental degradation which mostly affect women negatively as

they play major roles in hunting, farming and production of rootcrops,
while principally responsible for the care of children;
<jJ armed conflicts and militarization in many indigenous communities

affect women more; and
<jJ lack of access to culturally-appropriate schools.
The data included in this chapter are limited to population in cultural

communities by province; number of schools in Davao City catering to
indigenous people and Mora people; distribution of household population
by ethnic groups (Davao del Sur only); and membership in tribal councils
in Davao Oriental.
Sources of data include the National Commission on Indigenous People

Davao del Sur, National Statistics Office XI, City Social Services and
Development Office of Davao City, Provincial Planning and Development
Offices of Davao Oriental and Davao del Sur.
4-2 Cuffurof~enti%f~omen
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 4.1 NUMBER OF SCHOOLS CATERING TO 4-3

INDIGENOUS AND MORO PEOPLE, NUMBER
OF ENROLLEES AND LOCATION,
DAVAO CITY: 2004
Table 4.2 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD 4-4

POPULATION BY ETHNIC TRIBE: 2000
Table 4.3 MEMBERSHIP IN TRIBAL COUNCIL, DAVAO 4-5

ORIENTAL: 2001
Table 4.4 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY ETHNIC 4-6

GROUP, DAVAO DEL SUR: 2000 .
Cultural Identity of Women 4-3
Table 4.1
NUMBER OF SCHOOLS CATERING TO INDIGENOUS AND MORO
PEOPLE, NUMBER OF ENROLLEES AND LOCATION, DAVAO CITY:
2004
Number of Enrolment
Location Day Care Girls Boys
Centers Number Percent Number Percent
Total 34 513 51.15 490 48.85
Paquibato 11 145 52.73 130 47.27
Baguio 2 37 50.00 37 50.00
Marilog 14 228 53.02 202 46.98
Toril 6 90 49.72 91 50.28
Tugbok 1 13 30.23 30 69.77
Source: City SOCIal ServIces and Development Office, Davao City
In 2004, there were 34 day care centers in Davao City that were intended
for the indigenous people. There was no significant difference between
the number of girls and boys enrollees in .these schools.
Most of the schools and enrollees were in the areas of Marilog and
Paquibato.
4-4 Cultural Identity of Women
Table 4.2
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD POPULATION
BY ETHNIC TRIBE: 2000
Percent to Total
Ethnic Tribe Pooulation of Davao Region
Women Men
Davawelio 4.04 408
Mandaya 1.33 1.40
Manobo/Ata-Manobo 1.24 1.30
Tagakaolo 0.91 0.93
Bilaan/B'laan 0.89 0.93
Bagobo/Guinga 0.58 0.61
Kalagan 0.52 0.52
Mansaka 0.45 0.48
Tausug 0.27 0.28
Maranao 0.22 0.23
Dibabawon 0.20 0.22
Sang ii, Sangir 0.09 0.09
Isamal Kanlaw 0.08 0.09
Kamayo 0.07 0.07
Altai Alai Ati 0.05 0.06
Badjao, Sama Dilaut 0.02 0.02
Note: Other ethniC tribes with less than 0.01 percentage distribution were not Included.
Based on the new Region XI configuration
Source: 2000 Census of Population, NSO
As of 2000, there were more male than female indigenous peoples in

Davao Region.
The Davaoelio, Mandaya, Manobo/Ala-Manobo and Tagakaolo were the

most numerous of all ethnic tribes in Davao Region comprising 15 percent
of the total population of the region.
Culluralldentity of Women 4-5
Table 4.3
MEMBERSHIP IN TRIBAL COUNCIL, DAVAO ORIENTAL
2001
Women Men
Tribal Council
Total 18 26.9 49 73.1
Macambol 1 11.1 8 88.9
Caleel 8 44.4 10 55.6
Oregon, Gov. Generoso 1 10.0 9 90.0
Tandang Sora, Gov. 4 44.4 5 55.6

Generoso
Taucanga, Manay 1 9.1 10 90.9
Mayo, Mali 3 30.0 7 70.0

Source: ProvinCIal Planmng and Development Office, Davao Oriental
There were more male members in the different tribal councils in Davao
Oriental representing 73 percent of the total membership.
The Caleel tribal council had the largest of membership, followed by those
in Taucanga, Manay while, Macambol had the smallest.
4-6 Culturalldentfty of Women
Table 4.4
HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY ETHNIC GROUP, DAVAO DEL SUR:
2000
Women Men
Tribal Council
Total 250,697 66.9 123,806 33.1
Common Tribes 248,789 66.9 122,862 33.1
B'laan 81,115 67.0 39,952 33.0
Bagobo 43,859 66.7 21,927 33.3
Tagakaufo 75,575 67.0 37,223 33.0
Kafagan 10,790 67.0 5,315 33.0
Manobo 37,450 67.0 18,445 33.0
Migrant Tribes 1,908 66.9 944 33.1
Mandaya 332 66.8 165 33.2
Igoro/ 964 67.0 475 33.0
Teroray 58 66.7 29 33.3 .
(Ae/a) Malayo 554 66.8 275 33.2

Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding,
Source: National Commission on Indigenous People. Davao del Sur
As of 2000, more than half or 67 percent of the total tribal population in

Davao del Sur were women. The scenario is the same for every tribal
council indicating that there were 2 women for every man in every ethnic
group in Davao del Sur.
LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT
It is in the workplace where women are probably most exploited.

Exploitation in the workplace takes the following forms, among others:
\? inequality in employment opportunities;

\? gender discrimination such as sexual harassment and pay inequity;
\? inadequate protection and promotion of the welfare of women in the
\? informal sector, particularly among home-based workers;
\? inadequate protection and promotion of the welfare of women
overseas Filipino workers;
\? marginal participation of women in policy making and decision making
processes in trade unions and other organizations;
Q inadequate protection and promotion of the welfare of the girl-child;
and
\? multiple roles/burden of women workers.
Data on labor and employment provides a comprehensive and significant

picture on the region's labor force. The availability of data on labor and
employment is indispensable for planners, policymakers and implementors
for ensuring gender fair employment opportunities, labor practices and
protection.
This chapter provides sex-disaggregated data on employment and number

of registered applicants for employment including information on overseas
Filipino workers.
The sources of data include the National Statistics Office ~NSO) XI for
labor force and employment status from the quarterly Labor Force Survey;
Philippine Overseas and Employment Administration (POEA) XI for foreign
employment applicants whose documents were processed and approved
in its regional centers in Mindanao; and Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE) XI (Public Employment Service Office and
Employment Promotion Division) for information on local job applicants.
Data limitations in this chapter were not as apparent as in the other areas
of concern. However, provincial/city level data are most wanting.
5-2 Labor and Employment
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 5.1 EMPLOYMENT INDICATORS: PARTICIPATION 5-4

OF WOMEN AND MEN 15 YEARS AND OVER:
2001-2003
Table 5.2 EMPLOYED PERSONS BY MAJOR 5-6
OCCUPATION GROUP: OCTOBER 2002-2003
Table 5.3 EMPLOYED PERSONS BY HIGHEST GRADE 5-8
COMPLETED AND MAJOR OCCUPATION
GROUP: OCTOBER 2003
Table 5.4 EMPLOYED PERSONS WANTING MORE 5-9
HOURS OF WORK BY TOTAL HOURS
WORKED DURING THE PAST WEEK BY
MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP: OCTOBER
2003
Table 5.5 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYED PERSONS BY 5-10
MAJOR INDUSTRY GROUP: OCTOBER 2002.
2003
Table 5.6 UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUP: 5-12
2003
Table 5.7 NUMBER OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS 5.13
(OFWS) WITH DOCUMENTS PROCESSED IN
REGION XI PER COUNTRY OF DESTINATION:
2003
Table 5.8 NUMBER OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS 5-14
(OFWS) WITH DOCUMENTS PROCESSED IN
REGION XI, PER WORK CATEGORY: 2003
Table 5.9 NUMBER OF OFW'S FROM REGION XI WITH 5.15
DOCUMENTS PROCESSED IN POEA's FOUR
REGIONAL CENTERS FOR MINDANAO BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2003
Table 5.10 NUMBER OF JOB APPLICANTS REGISTERED: 5-16
2001-2003
Labor and Employment 5-3
FIGURES
Figure 5.1 LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE BY AGE 5-5

GROUP: OCTOBER 2003
Figure 5.2 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYED WOMEN AND 5-7

MEN BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP:
OCTOBER 2003
Figure 5.3 PROPORTION OF EMPLOYED WOMEN AND 5-11

MEN BY SELECTED INDUSTRY GROUP:
OCTOBER 2003
Table 5.1
EMPLOYMENT INDICATORS: PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN AND MEN
15 YEARS OLD AND OVER: 2001-2003
2001 2002 2003

Employment Indicator
Women Men Women Men Women Men
Labor Force Participation 56 85.0 53.9 82.7 51.8 84.5

Rate (%)
Unemployment Rate (%) 11.7 8.1 10.6 8.6 10.2 7.9
Employment Rate (%) 88.3 91.9 89.4 91.4 89.8 92.1
Total Population (000) 1,637 1,702 1,178 1,255 1,231 1,301
In the Labor Force (000) 917 1,447 635 1,038 638 1,099
Note: 2002 and 2003 data are based on the new Region XI configuration
Sourceof basicdata:OCtober2001-2003LaborForceSurvey,NSOXI
There were more economically-active men than women of all ages from
2001 - 2003. In 2003, 85 percent of men were in the labor force as
compared to only 52 percent of the women.
Unemployment rate was higher among women. In 2003, 10.2 percent of

women in the labor force were unemployed, compared with 7.2 percent for
men.
Figure 5.1
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE BY AGE GROUP
Oclober 2003
__ MALE
-.-FEMALE
97.8 98.3 97.7

100
80
60 64.1
•
54.0 "'.
40
20 27.6
oj~--------------
15-1920-2425-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 and
over
Source: OCtober2003 Labor Force Survey. NSO
The labor force participalion rales of men were higher compared 10women
al all ages.
Al age 15-19 years, women's labor force participalion rale starts 10

increase, leveling off al childbearing age of 20-24 1025.34. II conlinues 10
increase from 35-44, reaching ils peak al age 45-54, typically, Ihe
menopausal period.
Table 5.2
EMPLOYED PERSONS BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP:
OCTOBER 2002-2003 (in thousands)
2002 2003
Occupation Group Women Men Women Men
Total 568 949 573 1,012
Officials of Government and 106 59 116 66

Special Interest-Organizations 11
Professionals 32 9 32 13
Technicians and Associate 19 17 22 22
Professionals
Clerks 28 14 39 18
Service Workers 21 80 63 82 72
Fanmers,Forestry Workers and 59 286 51 272
Fishermen
Trade and Related Workers 28 111 25 109
Plant and Machine Operators and • 82 1 98
Assemblers
Laborers and Unskilled Workers 215 305 206 340
Special Occupations - 2 - 4
Notes: 1/lndudes Corporate ExecutIves, Managers, ManagIng Propnetors and Supervisors
2J includes Shop and Market Sales Workers
Details may not add up to totals due to rounding.
Source of basic data: National Statistics Office
There were more women than men employed as officials of government,

professionals, clerks, and service workers. There were more men
employed as farmers, forestry workers, fisher-folks, laborers and unskilled
workers, plant and Machine operators and assemblers. The majority of men
were employed as laborers and unskilled workers.
Figure 5.2
PROPORTION OF EMPLOYED WOMEN AND MEN BY MAJOR
OCCUPATION GROUP: OCTOBER 2003 (in percent)
• INomerl • Men
Famers, Fishermen and Relaled

Wor1<.ers
~5.8 84.2
Trade and Related Wooers 18.7 81.3
laborers and Unskilled Workers 37.7 62.3
Technicians aoo Associate

Professionals
50.0 .' 50.0
Service Workers 53.2 46.8
Offcials of Government and

R~ated Workers
63.7 36.3
c_ 68.4 31.6
Profess~a. 71.1 28.9

'------------- Percent
Source: National Statistics Office
Men outnumber women who work as farmerslfishermenl and related

workers as there were 5 men for every woman working in this field.
Meanwhile, women dominated men in the clerical and professional
occupational groups, as there were 2 women for every man employed as
clerk, and almost 3 women for every male professionals.
Not shown in the figure was the proportion of women and men employed
as plant and machine operators and assemblers. This occupation group is
almost exclusive for men as there were 98 men for every woman working
in this field.
Table 5.3
EMPLOYED PERSONS BY HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETED AND
MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP :OCTOBER 2003 (in thousands)
Women Men
Total
Occupation
Official of Government
EIem, &
l_
209
30
-
High
202
50
College
level
64
15
ColI.
Grad, &
"""""
98
21
Elem. &
l_
474
13
-
High
366
20
College
Level
87
12
Colt.
Gnod &
HIQhef
84
21
& Special Interest
Organizations 11
Professionals - - - 32 - - - 12
Technicians & 3 5 7 7 3 5 6 8
Associate Professionals
Clerks 1 7 7 25 1 6 1 9
Service Workers 21 12 41 17 10 10 35 15 11
Farmers, Forestry 38 10 1 1 197 62 8 5
Workers & Fishermen
Traders & Related 12 11 3 - 34 57 14 4
Workers
Plant & Machine • - - - 30 48 15 4
Operators 31
Laborers & Unskilled 113 78 13 4 186 130 16 8
Workers
Special Occupations - - - - 1 2 - 1
Notes: 11- includes Corporate Executives, Managers, Managing Proprietors, and
Supervisors.
2J - includes Shop and Market Sales Workers
3J - includes Assemblers
• Less than 500
Details may not add up to totals due to rounding
Of the total number of male official of government and special interest

organizations, 32 percent were college graduates. Only 18 percent of the
female counterparts have a college degree.
Most of the female and male farmers, forestry workers, and fisher-folks
were high school graduates or lower. Of the female farmers, forestry
workers, and fisher-folks, 96 percent did not reach college, while 95
percent of the male workers did not reach college.
Labor and Employment 5.9
Table 5.4
EMPLOYED PERSONS WANTING MORE HOURS OF WORK BY TOTAL
HOURS WORKED DURING THE PAST WEEK BY MAJOR
OCCUPATION GROUP: OCTOBER 2003 (in thousands)
Worked Less Than 40 Worked 40 Hours and

Occupation Group Hours Over
Women Men Women Men
Total 56 129 26 100
Officials of Govemment and 6 5 '6 5
Special Interest-Organizations
Professionals
11
1 2 . 1
Technicians and Associate 1 2 3 3

Professionals
Clerks 1 1 3 1
Service Workers 21 7 3 6 10
Farmers, Forestry Workers and 8 49 . 13

Fishermen
Trade and Related Workers 5 13 1 18
Plant and Machine Operators and . 6 - 12

Assemblers
Laborers and Unskilled Workers 29 49 6 36
Special Occupations . - - 1
Note: Details may not add up to totals due to roundIng.

Underemployment was greater for men than women, The number of men who
wanted to have additional hours of work in their present job was greater than
the number of women in each of the different occupational group, except for
clerks and service workers.
There were more women sales workers who suffer from invisible
underemployment. Similarly, there were more male laborers and unskilled
workers who were invisibly underemployed.
Table 5.5
PROPORTION OF EMPLOYED PERSONS BY MAJOR INDUSTRY
GROUP: OCTOBER 2002-2003 (in percent)
Industry Group
2002 I 2003
Women Men Women Men
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Agriculture. Hunting and Forestry 28.9 47.6 27.1 48.0
Fishing 07 6.1 0.2 3.9
Mining and Quarrying 0.4 2.5 0.3 2.1
Manufacturing 6.5 7.1 6.8 6.2
Electricity. Gas and Water 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.3
Construction 02 6.6 0.2 6.7
Wholesale and Retail Trade 11 35 102 34.9 11.9
Hotels and Restaurants 3.7 1.2 3.1 1.1
Transportation. Storage and 0.5 9.3 0.5 100
Communication
Financial Intermediation 0.9 0.4 1.4 0.7
Real Estate. Renting & Buss. 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.5
Activities
Public Administration 2J 3.7 3.8 4.2 4.0
Education 4.4 0.7 4.4 1.0
Health and Social Work 1.6 0.2 2.6 0.2
Other Community 2.6 1.5 2.6 1.8
Private Households wlEmployed 9.7 0.8 10.8 0.9
Persons
Note: 1/ includes Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles, and Personal & Household Goods
2J includes Defense. Compulsory
Source of basic data: National Statistics Office
More than half, 53 to 54 percent of employed men were in agriculture,

fishery and forestry sector while 70 to 73 percent of employed women
were in non-agricultural sectors.
Figure 5.3
PROPORTION OF EMPLOYED WOMEN AND MEN BY SELECTED
INDUSTRY GROUP: OCTOBER 2003 (in percent)
• Men • Women
Health & Social Work 11.81 88.2
Manufacturing 61.8 '38.2
Public Admnistration 62.5 I 37.5
Electricity, Gas & Wate 75.0 i 25.0
Agriculture, Hunting, &

Forestry
75.8 . 24.2
Mining & Quarrying 91.3 83
T ransporta tion,Storage ,ll.

COnYTl.
97.1 2.9
Fishing 97.5 2.5
Construction 98.6 1.4
Male workers dominated all industries except health and social work.
There were 68 men for every woman in construction; 39 men for every
woman in fishing; 33 men for every woman in transport; 10 men for every
woman in mining and quarrying; 3 men for every woman in agriculture. In
the only industry group, health and social work, where female workers
dominate over male workers, there were 8 female workers for every male
worker.
Table 5.6
UNEMPLOYED PERSONS BY AGE GROUP
OCTOBER 2003 (in thousands)
Women Men
Age Group
Number Percent Number Percent
15 and over 65 100.0 87 100.0
15-19 10 15.6 16 18.4
20..24 20 31.3 22 25.3
25-34 21 32.8 21 24.1
35-44 5 7.8 12 13.8
45-54 5 7.8 7 8.0
55-64 2 3.1 6 6.9
65 and over 1 1.6 3 3.4

Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding.
Almost half of unemployed women were in the 15-24 age brackets, the
childbearing years for women.
Table 5.7
NUMBER OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS (OFWS)
WITH DOCUMENTS PROCESSED IN MINDANAO REGIONAL
CENTERS PER COUNTRY OF DESTINATION: 2003
Women Men
Country
Total 3,859 100.00 2,763 100.00
Africa 6 0.16 82 2.97
North America 136 3.52 48 1.74
Asia 2,841 73.62 2105 76.19
Europe 774 20.06 164 5.94
Oceania 55 1.43 205 7.42
South America 1 0.03 3 0.11
Worldwide 46 1.19 156 5.65

Notes: Asia indudes countnes in the Middle East
Data covers not only those living within Region XI but as well as any part of the
Philippines.
Source of basic data: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration Xl
Most Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) intended to work in the Middle

East and Asia. There were more women than men who wanted to work in
Europe while it's the opposite in Africa and Oceana.
Table 5.8
NUMBER OF OVERSEAS FILIPINO WORKERS (OFWS)
WITH DOCUMENTS PROCESSED IN MINDANAO REGIONAL
CENTERS, PER WORK CATEGORY: 2003
Women Men
Work Category
Total 3,859 100.00 2,763 100.00
Professional 1,530 39.65 695 25.15
Managerial/Supervisor 75 1.94 297 10.75
Technical Staff 25 0.65 652 23.60

Clerical Staff 83 2.15 34 1.23
Sales Staff 109 2.82 98 3.55

Service Staff 1,485 38.48 191 6.91
Production Staff 533 13.81 759 27.47
Forester 2 0.05 14 0.51
Agricultural Worker a 0.00 5 0.18
Administrative Staff 17 0.44 18 0.65
Notes: Service Staff includes domestic helpers.
Data covers not only those living within Region XI but as well as any part of the
Philippines.
Source of basic data: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration XI
Majority of the women who were deployed abroad as Overseas Filipino

Workers were hired as either service staff or professional workers.
There are more female than male professional workers and service staff
while there were more male than female supervisors, managers as well as
production workers and technical staffs. All agricultural workers are men.
Table 5.9
NUMBER OF OFWS FROM REGION XI WITH DOCUMENTS
PROCESSED IN POEA's MINDANAO REGIONAL CENTERS
Women Men
Province/City
Total 2,466 100.00 1,784 100.00
Davao del Norte 386 15.65 261 14.63
Davao del Sur 1,805 73.20 1,403 78.64
Davao Oriental 134 5.43 45 2.52
Compos tela Valley 141 5.72 75 4.20
Source of basic data: Philippine Overseas Employment Administration XI
In 2003, there were 4,250 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW's) from Davao
Region whose documents were processed in the 4 regional centers in
Mindanao. 2,466 or 58 percent of which were women and 1,784 or 42
percent were men. This trend is consistent as there were more women
than men OFW's in each province of Davao Region.
Among the provinces of Davao Region, Davao del Sur had the highest
number of OFWs whose documents were processed in 2003. Of the total
number of Davao del Sur OFWs whose documents were processed in
Davao Region, 56 percent were men while 44 percent were women.
Table 5.10
NUMBER OF REGISTERED JOB APPLICANTS IN THE DOLE XI PESOs
2001-2003
2001 2002 2003

Year
Number I Percent Number I Percent Number I Percent
Total 57,584 100.0 33,365 100.0 42,694 100.0
Women 18,210 31.6 13,133 39.4 18,415 43.1
Men 39,374 68.4 20,232 60.6 24,279 56.9

Source: DOLE XI, Employment Promotion DIvIsion (EPD),
Public Employment SeNice Office (PESO)
During the three-year period, 2001 has the most number of registered
applicants simply because of the sheer number of male applicants during
this year. The number of job applicants decreased from 2001 to 2002 then
increased from 2002 to 2003.
From 2001 to 2003, there were more male than female job applicants.
WOMEN'S HEALTH
Maternal health as defined by the Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive

Development 1995-2025, is the sense of well - being Women's health is
important since it impacts on the health of the next generation. It is also
important because women comprise half of the population. Women's
health needs should consider all stages of the woman's life cycle since
health conditions in one phase of a woman's life affect other phases of her
life. Thus it addresses the health issues of women at conception and birth,
in infancy and childhood, during adolescence, throughout the reproductive
years and into old age. (WHO, Regional Health Report, 1998: Focus on
Women)
Statistics on maternal and reproductive health are given emphasis here

since they are the data that are the most accessible.
s;? Maternal health as defined by the Philippine Plan for Gender

Responsive Development 1995-2025, is the sense of well-being
related to the ante-natal, natal and post-natal periods of the woman's
life cycle.
s;? Reproductive health is that state of well-being in all matter relating to
sexuality and reproductive system. Reproductive health could only be
fully achieved if reproductive rights are recognized and enjoyed by
everyone. Reproductive right is the basic human right of
women/couples to decide freely and responsively on the number,
spacing and timing of their children, based on their own choice and
free from coercion, discrimination and violence. (PPGRD 1995-2005).
The data being presented in this chapter pertains to Davao Region as well
as its provinces and cities, where available. Philippine data are
occasionally considered to provide comparison on the region and nation's
health characteristics. The data include maternal mortality, infant mortality
rate, fertility rates, and life expectancy. The chapter likewise contains the
number of government health centers and midwives, coverage of
immunization program, pre-natal and post-natal care provider, place and
type of assistance during woman's child delivery.
6-2 Women's Health
Statistics on the median age at first marriage, intercourse and birth among
women, proportion of women who want no more children, mean number of
children for a woman, and ideal number of children for women were also
given. The chapter also includes data on the proportion of couples who
used contraceptives for family planning, efficiency of government's family
planning information campaign, and the number of persons infected with
sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs). Data on knowledge about AIDS,
knowledge on how to prevent it, and attitude towards people with
HIV/AIDS were also added.
Majority of the data in this chapter were obtained from the 2003 National
Demographic and Health Survey and from the National Statistics Office XI.
Data on infant, maternal mortality, number of government health centers
and midwives, and number of persons infected with STD's were gathered
from the Department of Health XI.
Most of the available statistics on women's health are limited to the

regional level.
Women's Health 6-3
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 6.1 LEADING CAUSES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY 6-8

2003 and Past 5-Year Average
Table 6.2 RATE OF TEN LEADING CAUSES OF INFANT 6-11
MORTALITY: 1998-2003
Table 6.3 PROJECTED LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH 6-12
1990 - 2020
Table 6.4 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS IN 6-13
THE FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY BY
WHETHER THE MOTHER RECEIVED IRON AND
IODINE CAPSULES DURING PREGNANCY
1998
Table 6.5 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WITH. LIVE BIRTHS 6-14
IN THE FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY
WHO RECEIVED IRON TABLETS FOR THE MOST
RECENT BIRTH: 1998 and 2003
THE FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY BY
NUMBER OF TETANUS TOXOID INJECTIONS
GIVEN TO THE MOTHER DURING PREGNANCY:
1993, 1998, and 2003
THE FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY, BY
SOURCE OF PRENATAL CARE PROVIDER
DURING PREGNANCY: 1993. 1998, and 2003
Table 6.8 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WITH LIVE BIRTHS 6-18
WHO RECEIVED ANTENATAL CARE WHO WERE
INFORMED TO GO TO A SPECIFIC FACILITY IN
CASE OF COMPLICATIONS, BY TYPE OF
FACILITY: 2003
Table 6.9 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS 6-19
IN THE LAST FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE
SURVEY. BY PERSON PROVIDING ASSISTANCE
DURING DELIVERY: 1993, 1998, and 2003
6-4 Women's Health
STATISTICAL TABLES

THE LAST FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE
SURVEY, BY PLACE OF DELIVERY
1993,1998, and 2003
Table 6.11 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY PLACE OF FIRST 6-21
POSTNATAL CHECK UP AMONG WOMEN WHO
HAD A LIVE BIRTH IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY: 2003
Table 6.12 MEDIAN DURATION OF BREASTFEEDING: 6-23
2003
Table 6.13 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WHO HAVE 6-25
REPORTED THEY HAVE BIG PROBLEMS IN
ACCESSING HEALTH CARE FOR THEMSELVES
WHEN THEY ARE SICK, BY TYPE OF PROBLEM:
2003
Table 6.14 NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT MIDWIVES, BY 6-26
PROVINCE/CITY: 2002 and 2003
Table 6.15 NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT MAIN HEALTH 6-27
CENTERS AND RATIO TO POPULATION BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2002 and 2003
Table 6.16 PROJECTED TOTAL FERTILITY RATES 6-28
1995 - 2020
Table 6.17 MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE AMONG 6-29

WOMEN AGED 25-49 YEARS: 1993, 1998,2003
Table 6.18 MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST INTERCOURSE AMONG 6-30

WOMEN AGED 25-49 YEARS: 1993, 1998,2003
Table 6.19 MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST BIRTH AMONG WOMEN 6-31

AGED 25-49 YEARS: 1993, 1998,2003
Table 6.20 PERCENTAGE OF YOUNG WOMEN WHO ARE 6-32

MOTHERS OR PREGNANT WITH THEIR FIRST
CHILD: 1993, 1998, 2003
Table 6.21 PERCENTAGE OF MARRIED WOMEN WHO WANT 6-33

NO MORE CHILDREN: 1993, 1998, 2003
Women's Health 6-5
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 6.22 MEAN IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN FOR 6-34

WOMEN AGED 15 TO 49: 1993, 1998,2003
Table 6.23 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CURRENTLY 6-35
MARRIED WOMEN BY PERCEIVED CONSENSUS
WITH HUSBAND REGARDING THE NUMBER OF
CHILDREN DESIRED: 1998 and 2003
Table 6.24 NUMBER OF MONTHS SINCE PREVIOUS BIRTH: 6-36
2003
Table 6.25 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CURRENTLY 6-38
MARRIED WOMEN AGE 15-49 BY
CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CURRENTLY USED:
1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003
Table 6.26 PERCENTAGE OF CURRENTLY MARRIED 6-39
WOMEN AND CURRENTLY MARRIED MEN WHO
KNOWS AT LEAST ONE CONTRACEPTIVE
METHOD AND AT LEAST ONE MODERN
METHOD: 2003
Table 6.27 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN WHO 6-40
HAVE RECEIVED A MESSAGE ABOUT FAMILY
PLANNING THROUGH THE MASS MEDIA:
1998 and 2003
Table 6.28 PERCENTAGE OF CURRENTLY MARRIED 6-41
WOMEN WITH UNMET AND MET NEED FOR
FAMILY PLANNING, TOTAL DEMAND FOR FAMILY
PLANNING SERVICES AND PERCENTAGE OF
DEMAND SATISFIED: 1993, 1998, and 2003
Table 6.29 REPORTED NUMBER OF PERSONS INFECTED 6-42
WITH SEXUALLY TRANSMITIED DISEASES
(STD'S) BY TYPE'OF DISEASE: 2001
Table 6.30 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO HAVE 6-43
HEARD OF AIDS AND WHO BELIEVE THERE IS A
WAY TO AVOID HIV/AIDS: 2003
6-6 Women's Health
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 6.31 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO 6-44

KNOW OF SPECIFIC WAYS TO AVOID HIV/AIDS:
2003
Table 6.32 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO 6-45
EXPRESSED ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE
WITH HIV AIDS: 2003
FIGURES
Figure 6.1 MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE (Rate per 100,000 6-7

live births): 1994-2003
Figure 6.2 LEADING CAUSES OF MATERNAL DEATHS: 6-9
2003
Figure 6.3 INFANT MORTALITY RATE (Rate Per 1,000 6-10
Livebirths): 2003
Figure 6.4 PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WITH A LIVE BIRTH 6-15

WHO RECEIVED ANTENATAL CARE (ANC): 2003
Figure 6.5 TIMING OF FIRST POSTNATAL CHECK-UP 6-22

AMONG WOMEN WHOSE LAST BIRTH IN THE
FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY
OCCURRED OUTSIDE A HEALTH FACILITY: 2003
Figure 6.6 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN 6-24

BORN IN THE FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE
SURVEY WHO WERE EVER BREASTFED BY
REASON FOR STOPPING BREASTFEEDING:
2003
Figure 6.7 TOTAL WANTED FERTILITY RATES AND TOTAL 6-37
FERTILITY RATES: 1998 and 2003
Women's Health 6-7
Figure 6.1
MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
1994-2003 (Rate per 100.000 live births)
Maternal Mortality Rates

(rate per 100.000livebirths)
I 120 111.0
44.8
2: j~. _
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Source: 2003 Department of Health XI Annual Report
Materna! mortality rates in Davao Region display increasing trend in 2002

and 2003. From 1994 to 2001, maternal mortality rate averaged 57.0. In
2002, however, maternal mortality rate increased to 111.0 per 100,000
Iivebirths. This declined by 10.9 percentage point in 2003. Maternal
mortality rate in Davao Region is 100.2 per 100,000 livebirths in 2003.
6-8 Women's Health
Table 6.1
LEADING CAUSES OF MATERNAL MORTALITY
2003 and Past 5-Year Average (rate per 100,000 live births)
Past 5-year
Cause of Illness 2003
Average
Complications of labor and delivery' 45 38
Hypertensive Disorders" 33 12
Maternal Care related to fetus and 19 5
amniotic cavity'"
Complications related to puerperium 7 7
Pregnancy with abortive outcome 5 7

Other Obstetric Conditions 3 4
'Includes postpartum hemorrhage, ruptured uterus, hemorrhage secondary

to retained placenta, uterine atony
"Includes hypertensive disorders, toxemia of pregnancy, eclampsia
"'Includes prolapsed uterus, abruptio placenta, placenta previa & other
placental disorders
Maternal mortality refers to deaths of mothers owing to deliveries and

complications arising from pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. (NSCB,
Definitions of Tenms and Concepts Used in the RSET).
Leading cause of maternal mortality is still the conditions arising from

complications of labor and delivery that includes postpartum hemorrhage,
ruptured uterus, and retained placenta. This was true for 2003 and for the
past five years.
Women's Health 6-9
Figure 6.2
LEADING CAUSES OF MATERNAL DEATHS: 2003
Other Obstebc
Pregnancy Conditions
Compllcatlons.
related WIth
atxlrtlVe
outcD;e 2.7%
to puefpenum -.......... 4 5%
6.3% ~ I
Maternal Care relall'd

10 letus and amniotic
cavity'"
170%
Hypertensive
\
ComplicatiOns 01
labor and delIVery'
Disoroors" 402%
295%
Notes "'Includes postpartum hemorrhage, ruptured uterus, hemorrhage

secondary to retained placenta, uterine atony
•• Includes hypertensive disorders, toxemia of pregnancy, eclampsia
.•••Includes prolapsed uterus, abruptio placenta, placenta previa & other
placental disorders
Almost half of the reported number of maternal deaths in 2003 was caused
by conditions arising from complications of iabor and delivery. Other
causes of maternal deaths were hypertensive disorders which accounted
for 30 percent of the total; maternal deaths related to fetus and amniotic
cavity, 17 percent; maternal deaths due to complications related to
puerperium, 6 percent; pregnancy with abortive outcomes 5 percent and
other causes, 3 percent.
6-10 Women's Health
Figure 6.3
INFANT MORTALITY RATE: 2003 (RatePer 1,000Livebirths)
Infant Mortality Rates

(rate per 1,000 livebirths)
14
12.1
12
10.9
10
8 8.9
8.5
6
6.6
o
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Source:2003 Departmentof HealthXIAnnualReport
Infant mortality rate refers to the number of deaths among infants (below
one year) per 1,000 live births.(DefinrtionofTerms Usedin the RSET.NSCB)
The rate at which intants die before reaching age 1 per 1,000 live births
had increased almost 2 times in ten years. In 1994, infant mortality rate in
Region XI was 10.9 per 1,000 Iivebirths. This decreased to 9.6 in 2003.
The rate was lowest in 1999, then gradually increases to its highest rate in
2002.
Women's Health 6-11
Table 6.2
RATE OF TEN LEADING CAUSES OF INFANT MORTALITY:
1998-2003 (Rate Per 100,000Livebirths)
Cause of Illness 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Pneumonia 252 165 196 172 132 183
Congenital 48 48 36 ~ 88 136
Malformations
Respiratory Distress 84 42 31 43 54 116

Syndrome
Prematurity 41 94 59 8 67 105
Remainder of certain ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 95
infectious & parasitic
disease
Septicemia/Sepsis 129 92 89 108 97 68
Intraurine Hypoxia 20 30 75 23 19 56
and Birth Asphyxia
Diarrhea & ~ ~ ~ ~ 40 47
Gastroenteritis
Heart Disease ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 37
Malnutrition and other ~ ~ ~ ~ 12 35
deficiency
Note: ~ - Not listed among the ten leading causes during the year
Source: Department of Health XI
In 2003, pneumonia was the leading cause of infant deaths. For every
1,000 live births in Region XI, 183 died due to pneumonia.
Other leading causes of infant deaths were congenital malformations,

septicemia, respiratory distress syndrome, prematurity, and remainder of
certain infectious & parasitic disease.
6-12 Women's Health
Table 6.3
PROJECTED LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH
1990 - 2020
Year Women Men
1990-1995 67.58 62.66
1995-2000 69.58 64.66
2000-2005 71.58 66.66
2005-2010 73.08 68.16
2010-2015 74.28 69.36
2015-2020 75.48 70.56

Note: Based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: 1995 Census-Based National and Regional and Provincial Population Projections,
National Statistics Office
Women live longer than men by an average of five years.
For the period 1990-1995, the average life expectancy for women is 68
years compared to only 63 years for men. However, the life expectancy for
both women and men will extend by almost 8 years in the year 2015 up to
2020. Within that year, women will be able to live up to 76 years, on the
average, and men up to 71 years.
Women's Health 6-13
Table 6.4
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHs IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY BY WHETHER THE MOTHER RECEIVED
IRON AND IODINE CAPSULES DURING PREGNANCY: 1998
Supplement
REGION
Iron Tablets Iodine Capsule
Philippines 74.6 56.6
Region XI 82.3 69.5

Note: Based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: 1998 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS), NSO, DOH,
and Macro Intemationallnc.
Iron tablets are provided to pregnant women during antenatal checkups to

prevent anemia associated with pregnancy. (NDHS, 1998)
Iodine capsules are provided to pregnant women to prevent mental

retardation in children due to iodine deficiency. (NDHS, 1998)
In Southern Mindanao, mothers received iodine supplements for 70

percent of live births and iron supplements and iron supplemenis for 82
percent of live births. The rates of live births for which mothers received
iron and iodine supplements were higher than the national average.
6-14 Women's Health
Table 6.5
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WITH LIVE BIRTHS IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY WHO RECEIVED IRON TABLETS FOR THE
MOST RECENT BIRTH: 1998 and 2003
REGION 1998'( 2003
Philippines 74.6 76.8
Region XI 82.3 79.7

Note: 11Based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: 1998 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS). NSO. DOH.
and Macro International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHSl, NSO.
ORC Macro and USAID
Iron or folate supplementation is essential maternal care services provided

by the DOH because pregnant women are prone to anemia. In 2003, 80
percent of the of women with live births surveyed received iron tablets or
syrup during' their pregnancy. This was a 2.6 percentage point decline
relative to 1998.
Iron supplementation for pregnant women in Region XI was consistently

lower than the national figure for both survey periods of 1998 and 2003.
Women's Health 6-15
Figure 6.4
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WITH A LIVE BIRTH IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY WHO RECEIVED ANTENATAL CARE
(ANC): 2003
90.3
56.6
irfurraj ci blood uine 5a'1'Pe bICXJd5a'1'Pe

siglsci pressue taken taken
PE9acy ITl3EISlJ'ai
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey (NDHS). NSO.

ORC Macro and USAID
About 57 percent of the pregnant women in Davao Region during their

antenatal care visits are infomned of pregnancy complications, such as
vaginal bleeding, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, swollen face,
swollen hands and paleness or anemia.
Nine in ten women had their weight measurements and blood pressure
taken during their ANC visit. Five in ten women had their height measured,
and urine sample taken and four in ten had their blood sample taken.
6-16 Women's Health
Table 6.6
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY BY NUMBER OF TETANUS TOXOID
INJECTIONS GIVEN TO THE MOTHER DURING PREGNANCY
1993, 1998, and 2003
Number of Tetanus Toxoid Iniections

Philippines Region XI
Year
Two Don't Two Don't
One One
None Doses or Know! None Doses or Knowl
Dose Dose
more Misino more Misina
1993 35.2 22.2 42.2 0.4 33.8 23.2 42.0 1.0
1998 30.3 30.7 37.8 1.3 24.4 28.8 43.8 3.1
2003 27.9 33.4 37.3 1.4 19.9 29.4 49.1 1.6

Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NOS), NSO and Macro Intematlonallnc.
1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, NSO, DOH, and Macro
International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Heanh Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID.
Tetanus toxoid injections are given during pregnancy in order to prevent

neonatal and maternal tetanus, frequent causes of infant and mother's
deaths when sterile procedures are not observed in cutting the umbilical
cord following delivery. The maternal care program recommends that
women receive at least two tetanus injections during first pregnancy.
(NDHS, 1998)
In 2003, 20 percent of mothers surveyed in Davao Region were not

provided with tetanus toxoid injection. These are mothers who are
potentially at risk for contracting tetanus when delivery takes place in
unhygienic conditions,
The percentage of mothers who received at least two doses in Davao

Region was higher by 11 percentage points than that at the national level.
Compared to 1998, an increasing trend in the number of mothers who

were given tetanus toxoid injections was observed in Region XI.
Women's Health 6-17
Table 6.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY, BY SOURCE OF PRENATAL CARE
PROVIDER DURING PREGNANCY: 1993, 1998, and 2003
Prenatal care 1993 1998 2003 .

provider 1/ Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
Doctor 38.3 26.9 38.5 31.7 38.1 30.0
Nurse/ midwife 44.8 51.8 47.2 57.6 49.5 60.2

Traditional birth 9.1 12.1 6.3 2.5 6.5 6.0
attendant
No one/missing 7.8 9.1 8.0 8.3 5.6 3.4
Number of 8,803 666 7,566 489 4,802 216

births
Note: 11 If the respondent mentioned more than one provider. only the most qualified
provider is considered.
Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NDS). NSO and Macro Intemationallnc.
1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, NSO. DOH, and Macro
International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Healih Survey (NDHS). NSO.
ORC Macro and USAID
In 2003, prenatal care among mothers in Davao Region is high. Nine out
of ten children bam in the five years preceding the survey were to mothers
who received pre-natal care.
Nurses or midwives are the most common prenatal care provider in the
Philippines and in Davao Region. In Davao Region, more than half of the'
mothers surveyed received their prenatal care from nurses or midwives.
The popularity of relying on traditional birth attendants has declined in

Region XI. In 1993, traditional attendant assisted 12 percent of the
children born. In 1998 births assisted by such attendants were only 6
percent.
6-18 Women's Health
Table 6.8
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WITH LIVE BIRTHS IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY WHO RECEIVED ANTENATAL CARE WHO
WERE INFORMED TO GO TO A SPECIFIC FACILITY IN CASE OF
COMPLICATIONS, BY TYPE OF FACILITY: 2003
Type of Facility Philippines Region XI
Not informed where to go 56.6 51.3

Informed to go to a specific facility
Government hospital 14.8 14.6

Rural/urban health center 10.9 10.8
Barangay health station 9.7 14.5
Private hospitaVclinic 9.6 12.1
Private doctor 4.8 10.1
Private nurse/midwife 0.3 0.0
Other/Missing 0.6 1.4
Number of women 4,520 208
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID
Among pregnant women in Davao Region who had antenatal care for their
most recent birth, half or 51 percent were not told where to go in case of
pregnancy complications.
Among those who were informed where to go 15 percent reported. that

they were told to go to government hospital and barangay health station,
12 percent to private hospital/clinic and 11 percent to rural/urban health
center. .
Women's Health 6-19
Table 6.9
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS IN THE LAST FIVE
YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY BY PERSON PROVIDING
ASSISTANCE DURING DELIVERY: 1993, 1998, and 2003
Assistance 1993 1998 2003

During Delivery Philippines I Region XI PhilippinesI RegionXI PhilippinesI RegionXI
Doctor 26.0 19.5 30.9 27.6 33.6 31.0
Nurse 26.8 16.9 25.5 19.4 1.1 1.2
Midwife aI aI aI aI 25.1 15.4
Traditional birth 45.3 57.8 41.3 48.8 37.1 43.6

attendant (hilot)
Relative/Other 1.7 5 1.9 3.3 2.4 8.8
No one 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.0
Don't know/ 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.0

missing
Number of 8,803 666 7,566 489 6,954 295
births
Note: 11If the respondent mentioned more than one provider, only the most qualified
provider is considered.
~ nurse and midwtfe categories were not separated during the 1993 and 1998 survey.
Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NOS), NSO and Macro Intemationarlnc.
Intemationallnc.
2003NationalDemographicand Hea~hSurvey(NDHS).NSO.
ORCMacroandUSAID
Births by traditional birth attendants remained the most popular mode of

deliveries nationwide and in Davao Region. Its popularity, however,
declined from 1993 to 2003 as more women shifted to doctors and trained
nurses/midwives. The shift from the traditional attendants to doctorS' and
trained personnel were faster in Davao Region than in the rest of the
country.
6.20 Women's Health
Table 6.10
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF LIVE BIRTHS IN THE LAST FIVE
YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY, BY PLACE OF DELIVERY
1993, 1998, and 2003
Assistance 1993 1998 2003

during Delivery Philippines IRegion XI Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
Health facility 28.2 23.1 34.2 33.6 37.9 41.0
At home 71.5 76.7 65.5 66.2 61.4 59.0
Other/don't 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.0

know/missing
Number of 8.803 666 7,566 489 6.954 295

births
Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NDS) •.NSO and Macro Intemationallnc.
1998 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey, NSO, DOH, and Macro
Intemationallnc.
2003 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID
The home, either of the respondent or of someone else. is the usual place
of delivery among. pregnant women. There has been a decline, however
on delivery of births at home from 1993 to 2003.
Consequently, the rate of births occurring in a health facility increased

from 23 percent in 1993 to 41 percent in 2003 in Region XI; and from 28
percent in 1993 to 38 percent in 2003 nationwide.
Women's Health 6-21
Table 6.11
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION BY PLACE OF FIRST POSTNATAL CHECK
UP AMONG WOMEN WHO HAD A LIVE BIRTH IN THE FIVE YEARS
PRECEDING THE SURVEY: 2003
Place of Postnatal Care Philippines Region XI
Home
Respondent's home 43.1 44.7
Other home 2.4 68
Public
Government hospital 22.3 23.8
Barangay health station 12.5 3.1
Barangay supply 11 0.3 0.8
Private
Private hospital! clinic 168 18.4
Private doctor 1.8 1.9
Private nurse! midwife 0.2 0.5
Other 0.1 00
I
Missing 0.3 0.0

Number of women 3,451 168
Note: 11 Barangay health supply/service point officerl barangay health workerl other public
source
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS), NSO,

aRC Macro and USAID
Fifty two percent of mothers surveyed in Davao Region who obtained

postnatal care for a non-institutional delivery, received their first post-natal
check up at home. This was slightly higher than the national percentage cif
46 percent.
Slightly less than half or 49 percent of these mothers received their first
postnatal check up in health facilities, 28 percent in public facilities and 21
percent in private facilities.
6-22 Women's Health
Figure 6.s
TIMING OF FIRST POSTNATAL CHECK-UP AMONG WOMEN WHOSE
LAST BIRTH IN THE FIVE YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY
OCCURRED OUTSIDE A HEALTH FACILITY: 2003
No Postnatal
Check-up 1/
7-41 days after 24%
delivery
13%
Wrthin 2 days
(
after delivery
3-6 days after 37%
delivery
25%
Note: 11 Includes women who received the first postnatal check-up after 41 days
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), NSO.

ORC Macro and USAID
It is recommended by the DOH that mothers receive postnatal check up

within two days after delivery.
Only 37 percent of the women in Davao Region glvmg birth outside a

health facility receive postnatal check up within two days after delivery.
About 25 percent and 13 percent, respectively, receive postnatal check up
3-6 days after delivery and 7-41 days after delivery. Almost 1 out of four
women who delivers outside a health facility does not even receive
P9stnatal check up.
Women's Health 6-23
Table 6.12
MEDIAN DURATION OF BREASTFEEDING
2003
Median duration (months) of

Category breastfeeding 11
Any breastfeeding 14.1 14.2
Exclusive breastfeeding 0.8 0.6
Predominant breastfeeding 2.9 3.2

Number of children 4,145 170
Note: 11 It IS assumed that non-last-born children or last-born children not hVlng with the
mother are not currently breastfeeding
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), NSO,

ORC Macro and USAID
The duration and frequency of breastfeeding affect the health and

nutritional status of both the mother and child. They also influence the
length of postpartum amenorrhea, which in turns lead to longer birth
intervals and lower fertility levels. A longer birth interval allows a mother to
recover fully before her next pregnancy and averts maternal depletion
resulting from too closely spaced births.
The median duration of breastfeeding is 14 months, both nationwide and

in Davao Region. This means that half of the children stopped
breastfe.eding after 14 months. The median duration for exclusive
breastfeeding is less than one month, which means half of the children
started to receive infant formula, other milk or food supplement in when
they were less than a month or 18 days for Davao Region.
6-24 Women's Health
Figure 6.6
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN BORN IN THE FIVE
YEARS PRECEDING THE SURVEY WHO WERE EVER BREASTFED
BY REASON FOR STOPPING BREASTFEEDING: 2003
Became
pregnant
10.6%
Weaning age
stop 29.9%
Child refused Not enough

12.5% milk 17.0%
Mother
working 7.2%
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Heailh Survey (NDHS), NSO,

ORC Macro and USAID
Information on the reasons why some mothers do not breaslfeed their

children and the reasons for stopping breaslfeeding are important in
formulating plans and programs to promote breaslfeeding.
The most common reason given by mothers in Davao Region is because

the children have already reached the weaning age. Thirty percent of the
mothers cited this reason for stopping breaslfeeding.
Women's Health 6-25
Table 6.13
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN WHO HAVE REPORTED THEY HAVE BIG
PROBLEMS IN ACCESSING HEALTH CARE FOR THEMSELVES WHEN
THEY ARE SICK, BY TYPE OF PROBLEM: 2003
Type of Problem Philippines Region XI
Knowing where to go for treatment 14.9 13.3
Getting permission to go for 10.7 10.2

treatment
67.4 69.9
Getting money for treatment
Distance to health facility 27.2 29.0
Having to take transport 25.6 24.2
Not wanting to go alone 28.1 32.9

Concern there may not be a female 20.5 25.6
health provider
Any of the specified problems 77.1 82.2
Note: 1/ Barangay health supply/service pOint officer! barangay health worker! other pubhc
source
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey (NDHS), NSO.

Access to health care affects the quality of health care for women.
Majority or 82 percent of the women surveyed in Davao Region mentioned

one of the problems listed in the survey as their problem in accessing
health care. Getting money for treatment is the most often cited problem in
accessing health care, (70 percent). The most frequently cited problems
are not wanting to go alone, (33 percent); distance to health facility, (29
percent); and having to take transport, (24 percent).
6-26 Women's Health
Table 6.14
NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT MIDWIVES, BY PROVINCE/CITY
2002 and 2003
Province/City 2002 2003
Davao Region 791 758
Davao del Norte 243 164
Davao del Sur 187 198
Davao Oriental 167 167
Compostela Valley 134 153
Davao City 60 76
Sources: 2002 & 2003 Department of Health XI Annual Reports
The number of government midwives is an indicator of access to maternal

health care.
The number of government midwives decreased from 2002 to 2003 by 4

percent. The decline came from the huge decrease of 32 percent in the
number of midwives in Davao del Norte which offset the 27 percent
increase in Davao City, the 14 percent rise in Compq;tela Valley Province
and the 5.9 percent increase in Davao del Sur.
Women's Health 6-27
Table 6.15
NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT MAIN HEALTH CENTERS AND RATIO
TO POPULATION BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2002 and 2003
Number Ratio to Population

Province/City
2002 2003 2002 2003
Davao Region 66 66 1 : 58,434 1 : 59,870
Davao del Norte 13 13 1 : 59,752 1:61,068
Davao del Sur 15 15 1 : 53,125 1 : 54,451
Davao Oriental 11 11 1 : 41,894 1 : 42,581
Compostela Valley 11 11 1 : 55,356 1 : 56,729
Davao City 16 16 1 : 75,826 1 : 78,024
Sources: 2002 & 2003 Department of Heatth XI Annual Reports
The number of government health centers is an indicator of access to

maternal and reproductive health care services. From 2002 to 2003, there
was no change in the number of main health centers in Davao Region.
The standard for main health center to population ratio is 1:20,000. A total
of 39,870 health centers were still needed in Davao Region, this was a
slight deterioration from 2002 during which there was a shortage of 28,434
health centers. The main health center to population ratio in all the
provinces and cities of Davao Region were all below the standard with
Davao City and Davao del Norte experiencing the biggest shortages.
6-28 Women's Health
Table 6.16
PROJECTED TOTAL FERTILITY RATES
1995 - 2020
Period Philippines 11 Region XI

1995-2000 3.58 3.98
2000-2005 3.18 3.55
2005-2010 2.82 3.17
2010-2015 2.51 2.82
2015-2020 2.23 2.52

Note: 11 Data refers to medium assumption.
Based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: 1995 Census-Based National and Regional Population Projections, NSO
Total Fertility rate refers to the average number of births a woman would
have by the end of her reproductive years if fertility levels of each age
during her child-bearing period (15-49) remain constant at the levels
prevailing at a given time. (Definoion ofTem,. Used in the RSET)
The projected total fertility rate in Region XI is higher compared to the

national level. Nevertheless, the projected fertility rate is expected to
decline from 1995 to 2015. This is generally because of the increasing
trend of contraceptive use, which is one of the main direct determinants of
the continuing fertility decline.
The decline in the national and Region Xl's total fertility rate can be
translated into a reduction by 2 births per woman from 1995 to 2020.
Women's Health 6-29
Table 6.17
MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST MARRIAGE AMONG WOMEN
AGED 25-49 YEARS: 1993, 1998, and 2003
1993 1998 2003

Current Age
Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
25-49 21.4 20.9 22.1 21.8 22.0 21.4
25-29 21.8 20.9 22.7 22.4 22.2 21.7
3Q.34 21.5 20.5 22.2 22.0 22.3 21.9
35-39 21.3 20.5 21.8 21.8 22.0 21.7
4Q.44 21.4 21.6 21.6 21.1 21.6 20.5
45-49 21.1 21.2 21.8 20.9 21.9 21.2

-
Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NOS), NSO and Macro International Inc.
1998 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey, NSO, DOH, and Macro
International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey (NDHS), NSO,
The median age at first marriage in Davao Region was almost similar to
that in most of the country declining from 22 years in 1998 to 21 years in
2003.
Women in Davao Region typically marries at age 21.4. At the national

level, typical marrying age is 22.0 in 2003.
In 2003, women of age 25 to 39 in Davao Region married at age 22 while

women of age 40-49 married at slightly younger age of 21. This indicates
that women born in the seventies and sixties married at an older age than
those born in the fifties.
.6-30 Women's Health
Table 6.18
MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST INTERCOURSE AMONG WOMEN
AGED 25-49 YEARS: 1993, 1998, and 2003
1993 1998 2003

Current Age
Philippines I Region Xl Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
25-49 21.5 20.6 22.1 21.5 21.9 21.2
25-29 21.9 20.6 22.8 22.2 22.1 21.3
30-34 21.5 20.2 22.3 21.8 22.0 21.9
35-39 21.1 20.1 21.7 21.2 22.0 21.3
40-44 21.4 21.6 21.6 21.1 21.5 20.7
45-49 21.1 21.1 21.7 20.6 21.7 20.8

Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NOS), NSO and Macro International Inc.
International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS). NSO.
The age at first sexual intercourse is an indicator of the beginning of a

women's risk of pregnancy.
The onset of sexual activity has not changed remarkably over time at the
national level. In the three surveys, women of age 25 to 49 had their first
intercourse at age 22.
In 2003, nationwide, women in the all age group had their first intercourse
at age 21.9. In Davao Region, the median age at first intercourse was a bit
younger at age 21.2.
In Davao Region, women born in late seventies had their first sexual
intercourse at a younger age of 21 while older women or those born in late
sixties and early seventies had their first sexual intercourse at an older age
of 22. Much older women or those who were born in the sixties and fifties
had earlier first sexual intercourse at age 21.
Women's Health 6-31
Table 6.19
MEDIAN AGE AT FIRST BIRTH AMONG WOMEN
AGED 25-49 YEARS: 1993, 1998, and 2003
1993 1998 2003

Current Age
2549 22.8 22.0 23.3 22.7 23.2 22.6
25-29 23.1 22.1 23.9 23.3 23.4 23.2
30-34 22.9 21.9 23.4 22.9 23.3 23.3
35-39 22.4 21.4 23.1 22.9 23.2 22.5
40-44 22.9 22.9 22.9 22.1 22.9 21.8
45-49 22.6 22.4 23.1 22.6 23.1 22.2

Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NOS), NSO and Macro Intemationallnc.
International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID
In most cases, specifically, those surveyed in 1998 and 2003, women in

Davao Region and elsewhere in the country, had their first child at age 23.
In 2003, among women of all age groups, the median age at first birth
nationwide was 23. In Region XI, it was also 23 among younger age group
of 25 to 39 and 22 among older women of 40 to 49.
While the median age at first birth among surveyed women in the country
did not vary much from 1993 to 2003, it did increase from 22 years in 1993
to 23 years in 1998 and 2003 in Region XI.
6-32 Women's Health
Table 6.20
PERCENTAGE OF YOUNG WOMEN" WHO ARE MOTHERS OR
PREGNANT WITH THEIR FIRST CHILD
1993, 1998, and 2003
1993 1998 2003

Characteristics
Percentage who are:
Mothers 5.3 5.2 5.5 6.4 23.6 24.2
Pre9nant with 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.3 2.8 0.8
first child
Percentage who have 6.5 6.3 7.2 8.7 26.4 25.0
begun child-bearing
Number of Teenagers 3,158 245 2,924 206 4,856 232
Notes: .In 1993 NOS and 1998 NDHS.lhe age bracket was 15-19 years old
In 2003 NDHS. the age bracket was 15-24 years old
International Inc.
2003 Nalional Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS), NSO,
aRC Macro and USAID
Teenage childbearing poses social and health risk to society since

economically they may not be able to support their children, and
physically, they may not be able the bear the burden of pregnancy.
The number of teenagers, (aged 15-19 at the time of the survey) who have
begun childbearing increased from 1993 to 1998 in the Philippines and in
Southern Mindanao. The increase was more evident in Region XI where it
reached from 6 percent in 1993 to 9 percent in 1998.
With the increase of number of respondents to include those aged 20 to 24

in the 2003, the percentage of adolescents who have begun childbearing
jumped to 25% in Region XI and 26% nationwide.
Women's Health 6-33
Table 6.21
PERCENTAGE OF MARRIED WOMEN WHO WANT
NO MORE CHILDREN: 1993, 1998, and 2003
Number of 1993 1998 2003

Livin9 Children
(Indudes Current
Preonancv)
Total 62.8 63.6 61.9 63.5 61.2 66.7

0 1.2 (2.6) 1.4 (5) 3.5 0.0
1 14.3 13.4 16.8 24.6 18.0 27.2
2 48.8 55.9 53.2 51.6 56.4 656
3 74.6 76.5 74.6 79.2 78.2 85.8
4 84 84 84.8 90.7 85.1 80.3
5 86.4 79.7 87.1 96.6 87.2 87.8
6+ 88.9 87.2 89.1 93.5 87.5 91.9
Note: Figures in parenthesis are based on 25-49 unweighted cases.
Sources: 1993 National Demographic Survey (NOS), NSO and Macro lntemationallnc.
1998NationalDemographicand HeatthSurvey,NSO.DOH.andMacro
Intemationallnc.
2003NalionalDemographicandHeatthSurvey(NDHS).NSO.
ORCMacroandUSAID
The desire to limit childbearing among married women in Region XI and

women in Philippines, as a whole, has slightly differed. In 1998 to 2003,
the percentages of married women in Southern Mindanao who wanted to
limit their number of children are higher than the national level.
As the number of children increases, the desire to stop childbearing

became more urgent. In 2003 in Region XI, 88 percent of married women
with 5 children and 92 percent of married women with 6 children preferred
no additional children. Many women with only one child wanted more
children.
6-34 Women's Health
Table 6.22
MEAN IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN FOR WOMEN AGED 15 TO 49
1993, 1998, and 2003
1993 1998 2003

Age a/Woman
Total 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.0 2.9
15-19 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.5 2.4
20-24 2.9 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.6 2.4
25-29 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.8
3Q-34 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.1 2.9
35-39 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.2
4Q-44 3.8 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.4 3.5
45-49 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.4 3.6 3.6

1998 National Demographic and Health Survey. NSO, DOH, and Macro
Intemationallnc.
2003 Nalional Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID
There is only a small difference in the mean ideal number of children

between married women in Region XI and married women at the national
level. On the average, married women wanted at most Jchildren.
Women's Health 6-35
Table 6.23
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN
BY PERCEIVED CONSENSUS WITH HUSBAND REGARDING THE
NUMBER OF CHILDREN DESIRED: 1998 and 2003
Couples Consensus on 1998 2003

Desire for Children 1/ Philippines I RegionXI PhilippinesI RegionXI
Number of Women 8,336 572 7,762 382
Husband and Wife 70.2 12.6 67.1 60.6

want same number
Husband wants more 19.7 17.7 21.9 25.3
than wife
Husband wants fewer 7.1 8.4 6.5 10.3
than wife
Don't Know/ Missing 3.0 1.3 4.5 3.8

Note: 11 Based on Wife's perceptions of her husband's desires.
Sources: 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, NSO, DOH. and Macro
Intemationallnc.
2003NationalDemographicandHea~hSurvey(NOHS).NSO.
ORCMacroandUSAIO
In 2003, three (3) in every five (5) women in the Philippines and in Region
XI believed that they have the same desired number of children as their
husbands. More than half of the women surveyed believed that there is
consensus among couples on their desire number of children.
On the other hand, about 22 percent of currently married women in the

Philippines perceive that their husbands want more children than they
desire. One out of four of married women in Davao Region had the 'Same
perception.
6-36 Women's Health
Table 6.24
NUMBER OF MONTHS SINCE PREVIOUS BIRTH
2003
Percentage of Mothers
Months Since
Preceding Birth
7-17 16.3 13.5
18-23 16.5 13.5
24-35 27.2 30.6
36-47 14.5 13.3
48+ 25.5 29.2
Median number
30.5 32.6
of months
Source: 2003 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID
It has been shown that short birth intervals, particularly those less than two
years, elevate the risks of death for mother and child.
The median length of birth interval nationwide is 31 months and in Davao

Region, 33 months.
Nationwide, while 26 percent of births were born four or more years after a
previous birth, one in 3 births occur within two years of previous birth,
In Davao Region, the percentage of births born after four or more years is
slightly higher at 29 percent. One in four births occur within two years of
previous birth.
Women's Health 6-37
Figure 6.7
TOTAL WANTED FERTILITY RATES AND TOTAL FERTILITY RATES
1998 and 2003
4.0 3.7 3.7

3.5
3.5 3.1
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
PhiliPPine-;-RegiOnX~hiliPPine~RegiOn X~
1998 I 2003 I
o Total wanted fertility rate • Total fertility rate
Sources: 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, NSO. DOH, and Macro
International Inc.
2003 National Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS). NSO.
ORC Macro and USAID
Total Fertility rate refers to the average number of births a woman would
have by the end of her reproductive years if fertility levels of each age
during her child-bearing period (15-49) remain constant at the levels
prevailing at a given time. (Definition of Terms Used in the RSET)
The total wanted fertility rates of women for the three years preceding the
survey in the Philippines and in Region XI were not achieved.
In 2003. the total wanted number of birth was 2.2 in the region, but the
actual total number of birth was 3.1. On the other hand, the total wanted
number of birth in the Philippines was 2.5 and the actual number was 3. 5.
A typical married Filipina experiences one unplanned child in her lifetime.

6-38 Women's Health
Table 6.25
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN
AGE 1~9 BY CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD CURRENTLY USED
1998, 2000, 2001 and 2003
90ntraceptive Method 1998 2000 2001 2003

Any Method 55.2 55.4 60.5 59.3
Any modem method 35.8 38.1 39.5 41.6
Pill 14.4 16.2 18.9 15.4
IUD 9.4 7.6 6.8 8.4
Injectibles 3.4 2.2 3.2 2.4
Male condom 1.5 1.8 1.4 3.8
Female Sterilization 6.9 8.7 8.1 10.4
Male Sterilization 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.4
MucusIBillings 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.4
Lactational Amenorrhea 0.0 0.8 0.4 0.4
Any Traditional Method 19.4 17.3 21.0 17.7
Calendar Rhythm 12.6 15.0 16.9 9.9
Withdrawal 6.2 2.2 3.5 6.5
Other 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.3
Not Currently Using 44.8 44.4 39.5 40.7
Number of Women 572 783 787 426
1997 Family Planning Surveys, NSO
Intemationallnc.
2003 Nalional Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS). NSO.
ORC Macro and USAID
Contraceptive use among currently married women increased by 4

percentage points from 1998 to 2003.
The use of both modern traditional methods increased for the same
period. Among the modern methods, the most popular in the region was
the pill (15 percent), followed by female sterilization (10 percent), and IUD,
(8 percent). All are female contraceptives. Among the traditional methods,
the most popular is the calendar, or rhythm method. This depends on the
fertility cycle of the woman.
Women's Health 6-39
Table 6.26
PERCENTAGE OF CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN AND
CURRENTLY MARRIED MEN WHO KNOWS AT LEAST ONE
CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD AND AT LEAST ONE MODERN METHOD
2003
Women Men
Knowledge on
Contraceptive Methods
Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
Knows any method 99.1 99.8 98.2 100.0
Knows any modern method 98.8 99.5 97.9 100.0
Number of Women 8,671 426 2.746 134

Among currently married women in the Philippines and in Davao Region.

majority of the 2003 respondents know of one or more family planning
methods (99 percent and 100 percent. respectively) or a modern method
(99 and 100 percent respectively). This shows a very high level of
contraceptive awareness.
6-40 Women's Health
Table 6.27
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN WHO HAVE RECEIVED A
MESSAGE ABOUT FAMILY PLANNING THROUGH THE MASS MEDIA
1998 and 2003
Heard Family Planning 1998 2003

Message on: Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
Radio 67.4 63.2 59.0 50.6
Television 70.8 70.9 64.4 54.8
Printed Media
Newspaper/magazine 44.4 41.1 39.8 29.1
Poster 44.4 54.2 40.0 44.4
Pamphlet 34.4 37.6 29.6 27.4
None of these media
aJ a/ 20.2 22.1
sources
Number of Women 13,983 925 13,633 654
Note: aJ not considered in 1998 NDHS Survey.
Sources: 1998 National Demographic and Health Survey, NSO, DOH, and Macro
Intemationallnc.
2003 National Demographic and Hea~h Survey (NDHS). NSO.
ORC Macro and USAID
The role of mass media in communicating family planning to the public

weakened in 2003.
Exposure to family planning messages through the mass media has

declined significantly from 1998 to 2003. In 1998, 67 percent of the
respondents heard about family planning messages through the broadcast
media. This declined to 53 percent in 2003.
During the past few months prior to 1998 survey, 55 percent of women
respondents in Southern Mindanao had heard about family planning in
television, while 51 percent heard the same in radio.
Women's Health 6-41
Table 6.28 _
PERCENTAGE OF CURRENTLY MARRIED WOMEN WITH UNMET
AND MET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING, TOTAL DEMAND FOR
FAMILY PLANNING SERVICES AND PERCENTAGE OF DEMAND
SATISFIED: 1993, 1998, and 2003
Need for 2003

1993 1998
Family
Planning
Services
Unmet Need 26.2 24.3 198 15.8 17.3 12.1

Met Need 40.0 45.9 465 552 489 59.3
Total Demand 68.5 72.2 695 739 68.5 74.8
Percentage of 61.8 664 71.6 78.7 74.7 83.8

~emandsatisfied
Numberof 8,961 677 8,336 572 8,671 426
women
Sources: 1993 National Demographic Surveys, NSO and Macro International Inc.
International Inc.
2003 Nalional Demographic and Heatth Survey (NDHS), NSO,
ORC Macro and USAID
Unmet need is defined as the percentage of currently married womenwho either

do not want any more children or want to wait before having their next birth, but are
not using any method of family planning. Demand for family planning is defined as
the sum of contraceptive prevalence (met need) and unmet need. (1998, 2003
NDHS).
'Unmet need" for family planning in the Philippines has declined by 9

percentage point from 26 percent of currently married women surveyed in
1993 to 17 percent surveyed in 2003. There was also a decline of 12
percentage point in unmet need in Region XI.
On the other hand, "met need" or contraceptive prevalence rate has

increased between the same period by 9 percentage point in the
Philippines and by 13 percentage point in Davao Region.
6-42 Women's Health
Table 6.29
REPORTED NUMBER OF PERSONS INFECTED WITH SEXUALLY
TRANSMITIED DISEASES (STD'S) BY TYPE OF DISEASE: 2001
Type of Disease GN SY GNU Ca Tr
Davao del Norte 4 0 34 17 2
Davao del Sur 8 0 15 0 0
Compos tela Valley 22 69 13 2 0
Davao City 401 16 268 612 283
Tagum City 72 1 740 44 136

.. ..
GN - Gonorrhea SY - Syphilis GNU. Non-Gonoccoal Urethritis
Ca - Candidiasis Tr - Trichomonas
Source: Department of Health Xl
Davao City has the most number of reported persons infected with
sexually transmitted disease (STD's). More than half of the STD cases
reported in 2001 came from Davao City. Tagum City has the second
highest number of STD cases and Davao del Norte has the least number
of STD cases.
The most common type of sexuality-transmitted disease in Region XI was

Non-Gonoccoal Urethritis comprising 38 percent of the total reported
cases.
Women's Health 6-43
Table 6.30
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO HAVE HEARD OF AIDS
AND WHO BELIEVE THERE IS A WAY TO AVOID HIV/AIDS
2003
Women Men
Knowledge at AIDS
I I
Philippines Region XI Philippines Region XI
Has heard of AIDS 95.2 97.6 95.6 98.1
Believe there is a way to 88.3 90.5 89.3 92.4

avoid HIV/AIDS
Number Interviewed 13,633 654 4,766 212

ORC Macro and USAID
There are only small differences in the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS

between women and men.
Women and men in Region XI, however, have more knowledge about
AIDS than women and men nationwide. More women and men in Region
XI also believe that there is a way to avoid HIV/AIDS.
6-44 Women's Health
Table 6.31
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO KNOW OF SPECIFIC
WAYS TO AVOID HIV/AIDS: 2003
Women Men
HIV Prevention Methods
Philippines I Region XI Philippines - I Region XI
Using condoms 484 61.2 62.4 69.6
Limiting sex to on 77.4 82.4 77.0 80.7

uninfected partner
Using condom & limiting sex 44.7 57.8 56.2 64.9

to one uninfected partner

ORC Macro and USAID
Knowledge of HIV prevention methods is higher in respondents from

Region XI than respondents nationwide; 61 percent of women and 70
percent of men knew that using condoms is a preventive method,
Nati:mwide, only 48 percent of women and 62 percent of men knew the
same preventive method, Knowledge of both preventive measures is also
higher for both' women and men in Region XI than the respondents
nationwide.
Knowledge that limiting sex to one uninfected partner can reduce the risk
of getting HIV is higher among women than men in Region XI.
Women's Health 6-45
Table 6.32
PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO EXPRESSED
ATIITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH HIV AIDS: 2003
Attitudes Towards Women Men

Those Living with HIV Philippines I Region XI Philippines I Region XI
Are willing to care for family 33.6 49.8 29.0 30.6

members with HIV at home
Believe HIV-positive 14.2 12.6 10.8 6.7

teachers should be allowed
to teach
Believe HIV-positive status 76.4 75.7 79.3 74.7

of family member does not
need to remain a secret

ORC Macro and USAID
A higher percentage of the respondents from Region XI expressed more

willingness to care for family members with HIV at home than those
respondents nationwide. Women in general, tend to be more willing than
men to take care of family members with HIV at home.
Discrimination on family members were least for both Region XI and

national respondents. More than half believe that HIV-positive status of
family members need not remain a secret. Discrimination on non-family
members, however, is higher as expressed by only 13 percent among
female respondents in Region XI and 7 percent among male respondents
believing that an HIV positive teacher should be allowed to teach. The
corresponding percentage is slightly higher nationwide.
Women in Region XI are more tolerant than men when it comes to HIV
problems.
WOMEN'S EDUCATION
Education has potent role in changing culture since the process of

acquiring skills and knowledge affects the beliefs and tradition of
the student. Awareness/consciousness on gender equality should
begin in educational institutions.
While it is true that access to education is generally no longer a

gender issue. sexism and stereotyping still exist in the field of
education. Sex-role stereotyping and sexist concepts are still found
in the curricula, textbooks and instructional materials. Studies have
shown that such stereotyping reinforces traditional view of female
subordination.
Likewise, while female teachers outnumber male teachers. those

who are in the key position in the education agencies are mostly
males. While it may be true that these male educators may be
gender fair, they should acquire broader gender perspective to
enable them to formulate that gender responsive educational
policies. plans and programs.
Access to education for workingwomen is also one of the gender

concerns in Davao Region. Provision of Sunday classes, at the
least in secondary level. is required since 71 percent of enrollees in
these schools are females. These women are usually local
domestic helpers who are willing but constrained to pursue their
education due to their working schedules.
Data presented in this area of concern are inputs for formulation

and implementation of gender fair policies in education sector. They
also present how far have we removed gender disparities in
education.
This chapter provides data on educational attainment, simple and

functional literacy rates. The chapter likewise contains statistics on
enrolment: elementary. secondary, Sunday high schools, higher
education by program, and enrolment in non-formal education.
7-2 Women's Education
Numbers of graduates in vocational courses were also given.
The sources of data are National Statistics Office (NSO) XI,

Department of Education (DepEd) XI, and Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) XI. Data on highest educational attainment were
sourced from National Statistics Office with such indicators
compiled in the office' Census of Population and Housing.
Functional literacy rates were compiled in Functional Literacy,
Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS) also conducted by
NSO. DepEd XI generates all data on enrolment except for higher
education institution which is sourced from CHED XI. Meanwhile,
data on vocational courses were obtained from Technical Education
and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) XI.
The unavailability of sex disaggregated data on key performance

indicators such as drop-our rate and retention rate in public and
private schools can be considered as major limitation in this area of
concern. These data can be a good reflection on how women and
men students' performance differed in school. Information on the
number of Gender Sensitivity Trainings (GST's) as well as
Knowledge, Skills and Attitude (KSA) trainings were also not
included in the presentation due to unavailability of data.
Women's Education 7-3
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 7.1 FUNCTIONAL LITERACY RATES OF 7-4

POPULATION 10 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY SEX AND
BY REGION: 2003
Table 7.2 HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF 7-5
POPULATION AGED 5 YEARS AND OVER:
2000 (in thousands)
Table 7.3 NUMBER OF ENROLMENT IN ELEMENTARY 7~
AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS:
SY 2002-2003 and SY 2003-2004
Table 7.4 LITERACY AND ILLITERACY RATES IN NON- 7-9
FORMAL EDUCATION: CY 2003
Table 7.5 COMPARATIVE ENROLMENT OF HIGHER 7-10
EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS BY PROGRAM:
SY 2003-2004
Table 7.6 GRADUATES IN TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL 7-12
COURSES: SY 2003-2004 (in percent)
FIGURES
Figure 7.1 ENROLMENT PROPORTION IN THE 12 SUNDAY 7-7

HIGH SCHOOLS OF DAVAO REGION:
SY 2003-2004
Figure 7.2 ENROLMENT IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION 7-8
(NFE): SY 2002-2003
ENROLLEES IN HIGHER EDUCATION BY FIELD
OF STUDY: SY 2003-2004
7-4 Wamen's Educatian
Table 7.1
FUNCTIONAL LITERACY RATES OF POPULATION 10 TO 64 YEARS
OLD BY SEX AND BY REGION: 2003
Region Both Sexes Women Men
PHILIPPINES 84.1 86.3 81.9

National Capital Region 94.6 95.2 94.0
Cordillera Administrative Region 85.4 87.0 83.9
I-liocos 88.6 89.2 88.1
II - Cagayan Valley 84.4 86.1 82.9
III - Central Luzon 86.9 87.4 86.5
IVA - Calabarzon 90.4 92.0 88.8
IVB - Mimaropa 82.3 84.4 80.2
V - Bical 80.1 83.8 76.6
VI - Western Visayas 81.5 85.2 77.7
VII - Central Visayas 81.7 83.6 79.8
VIII - Eastern Visayas 76.7 82.1 71.7
IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 74.8 79.8 69.8
X - Northern Mindanao 83.7 86.9 80.5
XI - Davao Region 17.8 82.2 73.7
XII - Soccsksargen 77.1 79.7 74.5
XIII- Caraga 81.0 84.6 77.3
Autonomous Region of Muslim 62.9 62.1 63.6
Mindanao.(ARMr;,n
Source: Functional Literacy, Education and Mass Media Survey (FLEMMS),
National Statistics Office
Functianalliteracy is a significantly higher level af literacy, which includes

nat anly reading and writing skills but also. numeric skills. The skills must
be sufficiently advanced to. enable the individual to. participate fully and
efficiently in activities cammanly accurring in his life situatian that require a
reasanable capability af cammunicatian by written language.
Wamen have higher functianal literacy rates campared to. men in all
regians except in Autanamaus Regian in Muslim Mindanao.. In Davaa
Regian, the functianal literacy rate af women is 82.2, while men has 73.7
percent functianalliteracy rate.
Table 7.2
HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF POPULATION
AGED 5 YEARS AND OVER: 2000 (in thousands)
Female Male
Educational Attainment
Total 1,574 100.0 1,641 100.0

No Grade Completed 108 6.9 116 7.0
Pre-school 36 2.3 38 2.3-
Elementary 675 42.9 783 47.7
High School 451 28.6 432 26.3
Post Secondary 38 2.4 39 2.4
College 157 10.0 145 8.8
Undergraduate
College Graduate 74 4.7 53 3.2
and Higher
Not Stated 35 2.2 3.6 2.2
Note: Based on the new Region XI configuration
Totals may not add up due to rounding.
There are more women than men who attained higher levels of eduCation.
The proportion of women who had post secondary and higher education
was 17 percent of women while that of men was only 14 percent.
The number of women who reached or have finished elementary is smaller

than men.
Table 7.3
NUMBER OF ENROLMENT IN ELEMENTARY AND
SECONDARY SCHOOLS: SY 2002-2003 and SY 2003-2004
2002-2003 2003-2004
Division
Girls Boys Girls Boys
Elementary
Davao Region 293,367 310,403 294,070 309,768
Compostela Valley 49,183 53,042 48,624 52,194
Davao del Norte 48,330 51,602 27,819 29,480
Panabo City 10,913 11,977 10,934 11,784
Tagum City aJ aJ 13,341 14,133
IGACOS al al 6,639 7,249
Davao Oriental 42,957 44,660 43,598 44,842
Davao del Sur 51,354 52,370 51,959 53,237
Digos City 9,800 10,508 9,615 10,336
Davao City 80,830 86,244 81,541 86,513
Secondary
Davao Region 126,600 116,668 129,537 117,182
Compostela Valley 21,073 19,109 22,158 20,039
Davao del Norte 21,388 20,470 12,190 11,168
Panabo City 5,586 4,959 5,687 4,897
Tagum City aJ aJ 7,269 6,820
IGACOS aJ aJ 2,790 2,589
Davao Oriental 15,218 13,073 15,428 13,122
Davao del Sur 15,041 14,000 15,594 14,208
Digos City 7,045 6,141 7,173 5,882
Davao City 41,249 38,916 41,268 38,457
Note: aJ Included in Davao del Norte
Source: Department of Education XI
For both school years 2002-03 and 2003-04, more girls were enrolled in
high school than boys. Of the total number of high school enrollees for
school year 2003-2004, 53 percent were girls and only 47 percent were
boys.
However, there were more boys in elementary level than girls. Of the total
number of elementary enrollees for school year 2003-2004, 51 perCent
were boys and only 49 percent were girls. .
Figure 7.1
ENROLMENT PROPORTION IN THE 12 SUNDAY HIGH SCHOOLS OF
DAVAO REGION: SY 2003-2004
Note: The 12 Sunday schools include RMC, Samson Technicallnslitute. Holy Child Learning
Center Jacinto, Holy Child learning Center Mintal, EMAR, Fatima de Davao Sasa,
Fatima de Davao Sasa, Fatima de Davao Maa, Assumption College of Davao, MATS,
Assumtion of Monkayo, and Uceo.
Source: Department of Education Culture and Sports XI
For school year 2003-2004, 71 percent of Sunday high school enrollees

were girls and 29 percent were boys. This implies that for every 100
enrollees in Sunday high schools, 71 are girls and 29 are boys.
Majority of students enrolled in Sunday high schools are girls and boys
who are working as house helps or those who work during weekdays.
Figure 7.2
ENROLMENT IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION (NFE): SY 2002-2003
Source: Department of Education Xl
More women were enrolled in non-formal education (NFE) compared to

men for both basic and functional studies. Non-formal education is any
structured educational activity that takes place outside the established
formal education system.
Women accounted for 52 percent of the total enrollees in functional

studies. and 57 percent in basic studies.
Basic studies are programs that aim to develop basic literacy, i.e. the
ability to read a simple message in any language. Functional studies are
programs that are focused on developing functional literacy.
Table 7.4
LITERACY AND ILLITERACY RATES IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION:
CY 2003
Literacy Rate Illiteracy Rate

Division
Women Men Women Men
Davaa Region 96.47 96.42 3.53 3.58
Compostela Valley 98.08 98.43 1.92 1.57
Davao Oriental 95.31 94.75 4.69 5.25
Davao del Norte 95.71 94.08 4.29 5.92
Davao del Sur 90.57 90.64 9.43 9.36
Davao City 98.40 98.40 1.60 1.60
Digos City 94.79 95.52 521 4.48
IGACOS 99.62 99.68 0.38 0.32
Panabo City 99.56 99.50 0.44 0.50
Tagum City 99.64 99.93 0.36 0.07
Source: Department of Education XI
There is slight gender differential in literacy rate for non-formal education.

Although women are less literate than men in 6 divisions, the over-all
literacy rate of women in Davao Region is slightly greater than men
Tagum City has the highest literacy rate in non-formal education for both
women and men, with 99.64 percent for women and 99.93 for men. On the
other hand, Davao del Sur recorded the lowest literacy rate for both
women and men.
Table 7.5
COMPARATIVE ENROLMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
INSTITUTIONS BY PROGRAM: SY 2003-2004
Women Men
Field of Study
Total 56,090 100.00 45,531 100.00

General 149 0.27 45 0.10
Arts and Sciences 7,826 13.95 6,306 13.85
Business Education 15,886 28.32 10,078 22.13
Law 394 0.70 455 1.00
ReligionlTheology 147 0.26 307 0.67
Medicine/Health Related 13,376 23.85 6,097 13.39
Teacher Education 12,288 21.91 3,980 8.74

Engineering and
2,551 4.55 8,255 18.13
Architecture
Agriculture and Forestry 1,669 2.98 2,063 4.53
Home Economics 42 0.07 7 0.02
Other Disciplines 1,762 3.14 7,938 17.43

Source: CommiSSion on HIgher Education XI
Generally, women outnumber men in enrollment on tertiary level.
Women tend to enroll in field of study focusing on reproductive role of

women such as Arts and Sciences, Medical/Health and Teacher Education
and Business Education. While men enroll in traditionally masculine fields
such as Engineering and Architecture, Agriculture and Forestry, and
ReligionlTheology.
Figure 7.3
PROPORTION OF WOMEN AND MEN ENROLLEES IN HIGHER
EDUCATION BY FIELD OF STUDY: SY 2003-2004
DWomen
Home Economics 85.7
General 76.8
Teacher Education 75.5
Medicine/Health Related 68.7
Business Education 61.2
0% 50% 100%
Source: Commission on Higher Education XI
In school year 2003-2004, there were 3 women for every man who are
enrolled in Teacher Education, 2 women for every man in medicine and
other health related courses and 6 women for every man in Home
Economics
However, Engineering and Architecture and ReligionlTheology studies are

fully dominated by men.
Table 7.6
GRADUATES IN TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL COURSES
School Year 2003-2004 (in percent)
Program/Course Title Women Men Program/Course Title Women Men

Agricultural Technology 0.87 0.63 Computer Technology 2.24 1.50
Aircraft Maintenance Cosmetology 0.30 0.11
Technology - 0.36 Dance Course 0.53 -
Architectural Drafting - 0.44 Electrical Technology 0.27 7.42
Auto Diesel Mechanic 0.08 3.41 Electronics Technology 0.68 3.84
Automotive Course 1.14 8.81 Fish f Meat Processing 2.43 0.23
Automotive Mechanic 0.08 5.54 Fish Culture Technology 0.11 0.21
Automotive Technology 0.08 2.36 Flower Arrangement 0.38 0.06
Baking & Cake Decorating 2.09 0.21 Food Processing I 8.70 0.48
Basic I Defensive Driving 0.46 0.97 Technology
Basic Security Guard 1.82 22.80 General Radio 0.04 0.23
Course Communication Operator
Bookkeeping 0.68 0.21 Hair Science 0.08 -
Hotel & Restaurant
Building Construction - 0.38
Management 8.93 1.83
Business Information 0.11 - Industrial Technology 0.42 1.54
Management Information Technology 2.96 1.31
Caregiver I 28.65 7.71 Landscaping Course 0.95 0.42
Nursing Aide Course Machine Shop Technology 0.19 0.34
Computer & Electronics 0.34 0.67 Masonry 0.23 2.15
Technology Mechanical Technology - 1.24
Computer Based 0.04 - Milk Processing 1.33 0.21
Accounting Office Management 1.10 0.25
Computer Courses 14.93 7.69 RadiofTV Technician - 0.06
Computer Hardware 0.34 0.40 Refrigeration and Air- 0.57 1.71
Technology Condition Technology
Computer Programming 3.95 .1.50 Seafarer Steward Course - 0.55
Computer Secretarial 7.29 0.08 Welding Technology 0.42 5.99
Computer System & 0.19 0.38 Total 100.00 100.00
Network Technology
Computer Technician 3.99
Total number of graduates 2,632 4,745
3.75
Source: Technical Education and Skills Development Authority XI
Gender stereotyping is more evident in Vocational and Technical

Education. Of the total number of female graduates in vocational courses,
top three courses preferred by women were: Caregiver I Nursing Aide,
Computer Course, and Hotel & Restaurant Management.
For men, the top three choices were Basic Security Guard Course,
Automotive Course and Caregiver I Nursing Aide Course.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS FOR WOMEN
Socio - economic benefits for women includes access to credit - be it

agricultural, industrial or housing; access to appropriate technology and
basic infrastructure such as farm to market roads, irrigation facilities, safe
water, school buildings, day care structures, etc.
One of the critical areas of concern in Beijing Platform for Action is poverty.
Under this area of concern, one of the proposed action is the provision of
women friendly credit system, extension services, and technology.
Women comprise most of the workers in micro, cottage and small

industries, and should be given priority in financial and technical needs,
(PPGRD 1995-2025). In the existing gender division of labor, since taking
care of the family and the children is traditionally under the realm of
responsibilities of women, access to housing loans which would help in
providing housing for this family and children should be provided to
women.
The data presented in this chapter provides an outlook on the condition of

women and men beneficiaries in some of the government's socio-
economic programs and projects.
The chapter contains data on the number of beneficiaries/borrowers of

multi-livestock development program of the Department of Agriculture,
(DA) and number of owners of small and medium enterprise (collage
industry) registered in Department of Trade and Industry (DTI). The two
agencies in the region were the sources of data for this chapter.
There is a dearth of information on socio-economic benefits for women.

Most of the data on the beneficiaries of government programs and projects
are not sex disaggregated. For example, there are no data on sex
disaggregated beneficiaries of housing loans. Beneficiaries of government
infrastructure projects are not collected. Data on these structures and
facilities from government reports are mostly on physical performance and
fund disbursement. This a data gap which needs to be responded to since
in doing a gender analysis of the impact of these socio-economic
programs, and in formulating gender responsive development plans, these
statistics are badly needed.
8-2 Socia-Economic Benefits for Women
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 8.1 NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES/BORROWERS OF 8-3

MULTI-LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM:
AS OF 2003
Table 8.2 NUMBER AND GENDER OF SMALL AND 8-4
MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OWNER AND TOTAL
NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT: 2003
Socia-Economic Benefits for Women 8-3
Table 8.1
NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES/BORROWERS OF MULTI-LIVESTOCK
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: AS OF 2003
Both Women Men

Province/City
Sexes Number I Percent Number I Percent
REGION XI 13,064 432 3.31 12,632 96.69
Davao Oriental 6 6 100.00 - -

Davao del Norte 12,775 326 2.55 12,449 97.45
Davao del Sur 208 76 36.54 132 63.46
Compostela Valley 12 5 41.67 7 58.33
Davao City 63 19 30.16 44 69.84

Source: Department of Agriculture XI
The Multi-livestock Development Program is an assistance of the

Department of Agriculture to farmers in improving the quality and dispersal
of livestock in the region. The farmers through a cooperative procure better
quality livestock to genetically improve their existing livestock.
There are more male than female beneficiaries or borrowers under the
Multi-Livestock Development in Region XI. As of 2003, of the total number
of beneficiaries in Region XI, 97 percent were men.
Davao del Norte had the biggest number of beneficiaries with 12,775.
Ninety-seven (97) percent of which were men, while only 3 percent were
women. Davao Oriental has the least number of beneficiaries and all of
them are women.
8-4 Socia-Economic Benefits for Women
Table 8.2
NUMBER AND GENDER OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
OWNER AND TOTAL NUMBER OF EMPLOYMENT: 2003
Number of Gender of Owner

Total No. of
Province/City SMEsI BN
Women Men Employment
Registration
Total 7,987 3,902 4,085 41,264
Davao Oriental 637 380 257 2,417
Davao del Norte 1,830 1,020 810 15,248
Davao del Sur 1,014 518 496 3,760
Compostela Valley 295 128 167 1,626
Davao City 4,211 1,856 2,355 18,213

Source: Department of Trade and Industry XI
In 2003, there are slightly more men than women owners of Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs), 51 percent of owners were men while 49
percent were women.
Davao Oriental saw the biggest percentage of women owners with 60

percent while Compostela Valley had the smallest percentage with 43
percent.
RURAL WOMEN
Davao Region is basically an agricultural economy and a number of

women in the region work in agricultural sector where their contributions to
agricultural production are largely underestimated. Their work are usually
'unpaid work' in the family farms, subsistence production such as backyard
crop production and livestock raising, and part-time or seasonal work. This
nature of rural women's work in agriculture renders women invisible in
official statistics since data on their work are difficult to capture.
However, rural women are also farmers. Although farming is usually

perceived to be tasks of men, women are also involved in agricultural
production. Farming is not only plowing - a man's task, but also planting,
weeding, harvesting, grains processing - tasks where women are highly
involved. (PPGRD 1995-2005). Similarly, fishing is not only catching fish
which is usually done by men, but also net-making/preparation, catch
preservation, marketing - tasks done by women. Data on women's
participation in agriculture, however, are usually not available.
For Davao Region, identified gender issues under this area of concern are:
<jJ Limited access of women to land ownership and use;
<jJ Limited access of women to technical training related to farming

and fishing;
<jJ Marginal participation of women in agrarian reform programs;
<jJ Lack of rights of women peasants;
<jJ Limited data on women's participation in agriculture.
This chapter provides data on the wages and number of farm workers as
well as beneficiaries of agrarian reforms. There are no data available on
women's access and control on agricultural resources such as land, credit
and training. The limited data on women in agriculture and rural women in
particular have detrimental effect on the formulation of appropriate policies
to uplift the status of rural women.
9-2 Rura/Women
The available data in this area of concern are number of workers in

agriculture, the nominal wage rate of fanm workers, number of agrarian
refonm beneficiaries (ARB's) and holders of Emancipation Patent (EP) and
Certificate of Land Ownership Agreement (CLOA), number of participants
in education and training programs for ARB's, members of different
organizations in agrarian reform communities, beneficiaries of Community
Based and Forest Management (CBFM), and number of reporting
cooperatives by sex of members and officers.
The sources of data include Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, Department

of Agrarian Refonm XI, National Statistics Office XI, Department of
Environment and Natural Resources XI, and the Cooperative Development
Authority XI.
Rura/Women 9-3
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 9.1 DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS IN AGRICULTURE 94

BY CLASS: 2003
Table 9.2 DAILY NOMINAL WAGE RATE OF FARM 9-5
WORKERS IN AGRICULTURE BY REGION:
2001-2003
Table 9.3 NUMBER OF AGRARIAN REFORM 9-6
BENEFICIARIES AND HOLDERS OF
EMANCIPATION PATENT (EP) AND ERTIFICATE
OF LAND OWNERSHIP AGREEMENT (CLOA),
Table 9.4 NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS IN EDUCATION 9-7
AND TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR AGRARIAN
REFORM BENEFICIARIES BY PROVINCE/CITY:
2003-2004
Table 9.5 MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS IN 9-8
AGRARIAN REFORM COMMUNITIES (ARC'S), BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 9.6 BENEFICIARIES OF COMMUNITY-BASED 9-9
FOREST MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT (CBFMA )
BY PROVINCE: 2003
Table 9.7 NUMBER OF REPORTING COOPERATIVES BY 9-10
SEX OF MEMBERS AND OFFICERS, BY
PROVINCE/CITY: CY 2003
9-4 Rural Women
Table 9.1
DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS IN AGRICULTURE BY CLASS:
2003 (numbers in thousands)
Women Men
Class
Total 154 100.0 486 100.0
Wage and Salary Workers 33 21.3 183 37.7
OwnA=unt 52 33.5 239 49.2
Unpaid Family Worker 69 44.5 63 13.0
Note: Totals may not add up due to rounding.
Source: October round, Labor Force Survey, National Statistics Office
Gender inequality is evident for women in agriculture. Eight out of ten

agricultural workers are males. Of the total number of female agricultural
workers, 45 percent are unpaid family workers. Only 13 percent of male'
agricultural workers are unpaid family workers.
Rural Women 9-5
Table 9.2
DAILY NOMINAL WAGE RATE OF FARM WORKERS IN AGRICULTURE
BY REGION: 2001-2003
2001 2002 2003

REGION
Women I Men Women I Men Women [ Men
Philippines 117.61 139.52 121.54 143.12 127.98 147.22
CAR 132.40 166.16 136.41 171.11 143.70 161.51

lIocos 141.12 163.74 145.21 163.51 149.38 168.88
Cagayan Valley 124.56 143.15 128.40 143.09 130.48 149.90
Central Luzon 156.52 204.60 166.75 197.75 167.59 201.11
South.ern Tagalog 136.35 164.66
CAlJ\BARZON- 142.80 188.45 162.07 175.79
MIMAROPA- 127.86 146.36 137.11 148.74
Bicol 103.34 132.35 107.98 135.50 '16.34 135.27
Western Visayas 112.00 143.07 113.16 142.59 121.33 141.32
Central Visayas 88.67 103.54 92.00 106.81 96.81 112.09
Eastern Visayas 108.82 121.43 109.53 122.29 117.22 124.66
Zamboanga Peninsula- 102.88 127.89 106.48 124.79 120.01 127.76
Northern
Mindanao 110.57 127.26 115.45 129.23 120.23 132.02
Davao Region- 103.22 114.76

. 105.23 121.24 117.05 126.05
SOCCSKSARGEN- 114.39 132.64 126.11 152.95 131.18 142.59

ARMM 114.46 134.99 115.03 142.21 130.84 147.12
CARAGA 115.79 136.89
119.35 143.23 128.00 145.09
Notes: .2003 data are under the new regional configuration
•.• 2002 and 2003 data are under the new regional configuration
. Source: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics XI
There is gender differential in the daily nominal wage rate of farm workers. Male
farm workers receive higher daily nominal wage rate compared to their female
counterpart in all regions of the Philippines.
In 2003, the highest wage gap between women and men were those obtained by
farm workers in Central Luzon at P33.52. In Davao Region, the wage differential
was only P9.OO, the daily nominal wage rate of women was Pl17.05 and P126.05
for men. .
9-6 Rura/Women
Table 9.3
NUMBER OF AGRARIAN REFORM BENEFICIARIES AND HOLDERS
OF EMANCIPATION PATENT (EP) AND CERTIFICATE OF LAND
OWNERSHIP AGREEMENT (CLOA), BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Women Men
Province/City Total
Total 1,749 42.76 2,341 57.24 4,090
Davao Oriental 418 27.96 1,077 72.04 1,495
Davao del Norte 736 59.69 497 40.31 1,233
Davao del Sur 122 33.80 239 66.20 361
Compostela Valley 328 48.45 349 51.55 677
Davao City 145 44.75 179 55.25 324

Source: Department of Agranan Reform XI
All Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries are holders of Emancipation Patents and

Certificate of Land Ownership Agreement.
In 2004, there were more men than women Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
and holders of EP and CLOA. Of the total number of beneficiaries and
holders of emancipation patent and certificate of land ownership 43
percent are women and 57 percent are men.
Among the provinces and city in Davao Region, Davao Oriental has the
highest number of ARBs.
Rural Women 9-7
Table 9.4
NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
PROGRAMS FOR AGRARIAN REFORM BENEFICIARiES
BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2003-2004
Province! 2003 2004

City Women I % I Men I % Women I % I Men I %
Total 1,630 33.5 3,241 66.5 2,209 38.0 3,603 62.0

Davao 105 32.9 214 67.1 371 30.3 853 69.7
Oriental
Davao del 322 41.3 458 58.7 653 56.3 507 43.7
Norte
Davao del 849 34.1 1,642 65.9 747 354 1,364 64.6
Sur
Compostela 102 19.2 429 80.8 141 20.8 537 79.2
Valley
Davao City 252 33.6 498 664 297 46.5 342 53.5
Source: Department of Agrarian Reform XI
The total number of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries who participated in

education and training programs increased by 19 percent, from 4,871 in
2003 to 5,812 in 2004.
Women were still outnumbered by men in training and education. In 2003,

only 33 percent of the participants in entire Region XI were women. In
2004, the share of women participants increased to 38 percent.
Compostela Valley, at 19 percent, has the least percentage of women

participants in 2003, among provinces and city. in 2004, the percentage of
women participants was also the least in Compostela Valley, 'at only 21
percent, and greatest in Davao del Norte at 56 percent. .
9-8 Rural Women
Table 9.5
MEMBERS OF DIFFERENT ORGANIZATIONS IN AGRARIAN REFORM
COMMUNITIES (ARC'S), BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Women Men
Province/City
Total 8,602 33.16 17,342 66.84
Davao Oriental 1,206 33.00 2,449 67.00
Davao del Norte 2,118 29.54 5,051 70.46
Davao del Sur 2,390 35.91 4,266 64.09
Compostela Valley 1,901 33.62 3,754 66.38
Davao City 987 35.14 1,822 64.86

As of 2004, more men than women were members of various

organizations in Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs). Among all
provinces in the region, less than half of the memberships were composed
of women, with Davao del Sur registering the highest percentage, at 35.91,
and Davao del Norte the least, at 29.54 percent. ..
Meanwhile; Davao del Sur had the most active participation of people in
ARC organizations among women (28 percent), and among men, Davao
del Norte with 29 percent. On the other hand, Davao City had the least
active participation of people in ARC organizations among women (12
percent), and men (11 percent).
Rural Women 9-9
Table 9.6
BENEFICIARIES OF COMMUNITY-BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT
AGREEMENT (CBFMA ) BY PROVINCE: 2003
Women Men
Province
Total 129 34.40 246 65.60
DavaoOriental 1 7.14 13 92.86
Davaodel Norte 27 27.55 71 72.45
ComposlelaValley 81 40.91 117 59.09
Davaodel Sur 20 30.77 45 69.23

Source: Department of Environment and Natural Resources XI
Community-Based Forest Management Agreement (CBFMA) and Center

for People Empowerment in the Uplands (CPEU) are government
programs that address the continuing destruction of our natural forests as
well as respond to the issue of upland poverty. The programs provide
organized and empowered communities the right and responsibility to
directly manage and benefit from forestland.resources.
In 2003, there were only 129 women beneficiaries and 246 men
beneficiaries of these programs, comprising 34.4 and 65.6 percent
respectively, of total women and men beneficiaries of CBFM and CPEU.
Compostela Valley had the most number of female beneficiaries with 41
percent of the total number of beneficiaries. Davao Oriental had the least
number of female beneficiaries with only 1 beneficiary.
9-10 Rural Women
Table 9.7
NUMBER OF REPORTING COOPERATIVES BY SEX OF MEMBERS
AND OFFICERS, BY PROVINCE/CITY: CY 2003
No. of Membership Board of Directors

Province/City Reporti~
Coops Total Men Total Men
Total 670 253,889 150,459 103,43 4,144 1,397 2,74
Davao Oriental 56 7,234 3,397 3,83 381 132 24
Davao del Norte 166 65,570 37,216 28,3 1,064 316 74
Compostela 21,980 11,085 770 248 52

128
Valley
Davao del Sur 107 11,525 5,592 5,93 620 214 40
Davao City 213 147,580 93,169 54,411 1,309 487 82
Note: al- Includes Multi-Purpose Agriculture, Multi-Purpose Non-Agri., Credit, Producer.

Consumer, Service. and marketing Cooperatives
Source: Cooperatives Development Authority XI
In 2003, there were 670 reporting cooperatives in Davao Region. The total
membership reached 253,889 of which 59 percent or 150,458 are women.
However, of the 4,144 officers only 34 percent were women.
The area with the most number of cooperatives was Davao City. The city
was able to enlist 213 cooperatives with 147,580 members of which 63
percent were women.
SPECIAL SECTORAL CONCERNS
The special sectors being considered in this chapter are the children, the
out-of-school youth, the elderly women and men, differently-abled women
and men, women in detention and in armed conflict. Individuals who are
considered part of this sector are mostly the disadvantaged and vulnerable
members of the society who needs attention from the government.
Gender issues in Davao Region under this area of concerns are as

follows:
• Prevalence of child labor in Davao Region;
• Presence of prostituted street children in Davao City who are

referred to as "buntag," in vernacular;
• Violence against children, which are usually in the forms of

physical injuries and rape, were mostly inflicted on girls. The
resulting trauma from this experience will have a long-term effect
on them when they become adult women;
• For differently-abled women, gender and handicap make them

more vulnerable to discrimination, sexual harassment and other
forms of abuse including rape. Differently-abled women and men
are women and men survivors of physical impairment and have
differentiated needs and potentials. (Article IX, Davao City Women
Development Code);
• The interest of elderly men and women are often neglected since
they are perceived to be useless burden to society;
• Although women and children are usually non-combatants and

have no role in decisions leading to armed conflicts yet they are
mostly affected and are often left to survive as refugees.
The chapter contains data on working children, and adolescent female

street children. Statistics on violence against children and the details on
crimes committed were also included.
10-2 Special Sectoral Concerns
The sources of data include the Philippine National Police Women and
Children's Desk, National Statistics Office (NSO) XI, and the Tambayan
Center for 'the Abused Children, a non-govemmental organization.
Statistics on working children were obtained from National Statistics
Office. Data on adolescent female street children were generated from
Tambayan Center.
There are no data on women detainees and women caught in armed

conflict. These are information, which are very much relevant for those
who make critical decisions in current Mindanao situation.
Special Sectoral Concerns 10-3
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 10.1 NUMBER OF CHILDREN 5-17 YEARS OLD WHO 10-5

WORKED DURING THE PAST TWELVE MONTHS,
BY SEX AND KIND OF BUSINESS/INDUSTRY:
OCTOBER 2001
Table 10.2 PROFILE OF ADOLESCENT FEMALE STREET 10-8
GIRLS REACHED BY TAMBAYAN IN DAVAO CITY,
2001-2004
Table 10.3 NUMBER OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST 10-9
CHILDREN BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 10.4 NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES 10-10
AGAINST CHILDREN BY RELATION TO VICTIM,
BY PROVINCE CITY: 2004
Table 10.5 NUMBER OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST 10-11
CHILDREN BY STATUS OF THE CASE BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 10.6 NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF CRIMES AGAINST 10-12
CHILDREN BY AGE GROUP, BY PROVINCE/CITY:
2004
Table 10.7 NUMSER OF PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE 10-13
AGAINST CHILDREN BY AGE GROUP, BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 10.8 PLACE OF OCCURRENCE OF CRIMES AGAINST 10-14
Table 10.9 PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST 10-16
CHILDREN BY SEX PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 10.10 WEAPONS/MEANS USED BY OFFENDER/S IN 10-17
COMMITIING VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 10.11 TIME OF COMMISSION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST 10-18

Table 10.12 SUBSTANCE INFLUENCE ON PERPETRATORS IN 10-19
COMMITIING CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN BY
PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 10.13 DISPOSITION OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST 10-20

Table 10.14 MEDICO-LEGAL STATUS OF CASES OF CRIMES 10-21
AGAINST CHILDREN, BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Table 10.15 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION TO TOTAL 10-22
POPULATION OF DISABLED PERSONS BY TYPE
OF DISABILITY: 2000
FIGURES
Figure 10.1 DISTRIBUTION OF WORKING CHILDREN 5-17 10-8

YEARS OLD WHO WORKED DURING THE PAST
12 MONTHS, REGION XI: October 2001
Figure 10.2 PROPORTION OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS 10-7
BY MAIN REASON FOR WORKING: 2001
Figure 10.3 PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS OF CRIMES 10-15
AGAINST CHILDREN DAVAO REGION: 2004
Table 10.1
NUMBER OF CHILDREN 5-17 YEARS OLD WHO WORKED DURING
THE PAST TWELVE MONTHS, BY SEX AND KIND OF BUSINESS!
INDUSTRY: OCTOBER 2001 (in thousands)
Female Male
Major Industry Group
Number I % to Total Number I % to Total
Total 123 100.0 219 100.0

Agriculture, Hunting, & Forestry 38 30.9 121 55.3
Fishing - - 14 6.4
Mining and Quarrying - - 7 3.2
Manufacturing 5 4.1 8 3.7
Electricity, Gas, and Water - - 1 0.5
Construction - - 1 0.5
Wholesale and retail. Repair of Motor 34 27.6 24 11.0
Vehicles & Personal & HH Goods
Hotels and Restaurants 7 5.7 3 1.4
Transport, Storage, & Communication - - 7 3.2
Financial Intermediation - - - -
Real Estate,Renting & Buss. Activities - - 1 0.5
Public Administration & Defense, - - - -
Compulsory Social Security
Education - - - -
Health and Social Work - - - -
Other Community, Social & Personal 1 0.8 3 1.4
Service Activities
Private HHs wi Employed Persons 26 21.1 9 4.1
Extra-Territorial Organizations & Bodies - - - -
Not Reported 11 8.9 19 8.7
Note: HH - Household, -, Less than 500, details may not add up due to rounding
Source: 2001 Survey of Children 5-17 Years Old, National Statistics Office
The 2001 Survey of Children 5 to 17 years old showed that working girls
and boys are basically engaged in agriculture, hunting, and forestry.
Figure 10.1
DISTRIBUTION OF WORKING CHILDREN 5-17 YEARS OLD WHO
WORKED DURING THE PAST 12 MONTHS, REGION XI
October 2001
Note: Data are based on the old Region XI configuration
Source: 2001 Survey on Children, National Statistics Office
There were more male than female working children in Region XI. In the
2001 survey on children, it was found out that for the total-working children
in Region XI, 64 percent were male while 36 percent were female.
Figure 10.2
PROPORTION OF CHILDREN AGED 5-17 YEARS BY MAIN REASON
FOR WORKING: 2001
TOgeln e.penencehlcqulffl
NOlrepated training T08We-tlale
8.7% 1.'% vlIlueafwork
20%
To eefl'lll'lO'leylo~8blish
awn busineu
08%
To help ill OM! To help p.y CM'"

1l0001elloldenlefPflse family oebls
To pey own SCl'lootflg
303'll, 02'lo
12 2%
Source: 2001 Survey of Children 5-17 Years Old, National Statistics Office
Children tend to continue working mainly because they want to improve the
living standards of their family or households.
For every 100 working children aged 5 to 17 years old, 30 of them prefer to
continue working to help the household enterprise operate fully. While 12
for every 100 working children aged 5 to 17 years old are working to pay
their own schooling. Barely 1 percent is working to earn money to establish
own business.
Table 10.2
PROFILE OF ADOLESCENT FEMALE STREET GIRLS REACHED BY
TAMBAYAN IN DAVAO CITY, 2001-2004
Percent to Total
Characteristics
Resoondents
According to Frequency of Contact with their Families
with contact 90.00%
abandoned 10.00%
According to Residence of their Parents
Davao City 99.00%
Outside Davao Citv 1.00%
According to Educational Attainment
1st or 2nd year high school 40.00%
grade 5 or grade 6 20.00%
never been to school 1.00%
According to Abuse Experienced
rape 2.42%
incest 3.43%
sexual harassment 3.03%
sexually exploited and prostituted 25.25%
verbal abuse 60.00%
ohvsical abuse 60.00%
According to Substance Abuse and Vices
alcohol 60.00%
cigarette 60.00%
rugby 40.00%
shabu/mariiuana 20.00%
According to Status
mothers 30.00%
exoerienced livino-in with oartners 20.00%
Total number of adolescent female street children 495
reached
Source: Tambayan, Davao City
From 2001-2004, Tambayan reached a total of 495 adolescent female

street girls. 262 girls came from the surrounding areas and barangays of
Bankerohan Public Market while 233 came from Agdao (Barangays 21C,
22C, 23C and its surrounding barangays).
Of the 495, 30 percent of these girls are mothers and 20 percent

experienced living-in with partners. 9 percent of the girls experienced rape,
incest, or sexual harassment while 25 percent were sexually exploited and
prostituted.
Table 10.3
NUMBER OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
Province/City
Cases Davao Davao Oavao Davao Total
ComVal
Total 57 85 56 88 364 650

Rape 21 28 29 35 96 209
Attempted rape 2 4 - 7 6 19
Physical Injuries 32 30 3 12 109 186
Acts of 1 8 4 19 35 67
Lasciviousness
Child - - - - 70 70
Exploitation
Child Labor - - - - - -
Neglect and - - - - 14 14
Abandonment
Abduction - - - - 3 3
Child Prostitution - - - - - -
Child Trafficking 1 - - - - 1
Others - 15 20 15 31 81
Rape and physical injuries were the most common forms of crime against
children in Davao Region, For the year 2004. there were 209 reported
cases of rape, while the reported cases of physical injuries reached 186.
Table 10.4
NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN BY
RELATION TO VICTIM, BY PROVINCE CITY: 2004
Province/City
RELATION TO Davao Davaodel Oavao del Total
ComVal Davao City
SUSPECT Oriental Norte Sur
Total 57 85 64 88 364 658

Father 7 4 7 7 87 112
Stepfather 1 5 8 3 9 26
Mother 2 1 - - 6 9
Grandfather 1 - 1 - 3 5
Boyfriend 4 3 1 4 7 19
Relative 7 15 14 7 54 97
No relation 6 - 11 23 73 113
Neighbor I 26 44 9 44 87 210
Acquaintance
Gang/Stranger 3 13 13 - 38 67
Source: Philippine National Police, Regional Command (RECOM) XI
Neighbor:sJAcquaintances were the usual perpetrators of crimes against

children, 'as they comprised 32 percent of the total offenders.
Of the total number of offenders 38 percent were related to the victims.

And of the relatives, 57 percent were the victims' father/grandfather or
stepfather.
Table 10.5
NUMBER OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
BY STATUS OF THE CASE BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
ProvinceJCity
STATUS OF THE
Davao Davao del Davao del Total
CASE Oriental None ComVal
Sur Davao City
Total 57 85 60 88 364 654
Filed in Court 19 46 56 67 124 312

Referred to - - - 3 - 3
Private Lawyer
Referred to 5 19 - 4 64 92
Barangay
Referred to 26 3 4 5 147 185
DSWDMlCCSI
CSSDO
Settled at PNP 7 17 - 9 29 62
Souroe: Philippine National Polioe (PNP), RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
A total of 48 percent of the cases of crimes against children were filed in

court, parties settled 9 percent at PNP, while 28 percent were referred to
DSWDMlCCS/CSSDO.
Other cases were referred to Barangay (14 percent) and referred to private
lawyer (less than t percent).
Table 10.6
NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
BY AGE GROUP, BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province/City
AGE GROUP Davao Davao del Davao del Total

ComVal Davao City
Oriental Norte Sur
Total 57 85 56 88 364 650

Below 1 yr. old - 1 - 1 6 8
1 Yr. - 5 Yrs. 7 5 3 5 34 54
6 Yrs. - 11 Yrs. 20 24 16 32 131 223
12 Yrs. - 17Yrs. 30 53 33 41 188 345
Unspecified - 2 4 9 5 20
More than half or 53 percent of the victims of crimes against children

belonged to the age group 12 to 17 years of age. There were 223 children
or 34 percent belonging to age group 6 to 11 years old.
For all of the provinces and city of Davao Region, most of the victims were
from the 12 to 17 years old age group. .
Table 10.7
NUMBER OF PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN BY
AGE GROUP, BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province/City
AGE OF
Cavao Davaodel Oavao del Total
SUSPECT Oriental Norte
ComVal
Sur
Oavao City
Total 57 85 64 88 364 658

Below 18 Years 3 15 3 6 21 48
18-25 17 11 21 23 68 140
26-35 9 21 14 33 60 137
36-45 8 13 10 11 65 107
46-55 8 8 3 2 27 48
56 and above 2 17 3 6 15 43
Undetermined 10 - 10 7 108 135

Source: Phihpplne National Police (PNP), RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
Adults were the usual perpetrators of violence against children. In 2004, 72

percent of the offenders were more than 18 years of age. Only 7 percent
had ages less than 18 years old, and 21 percent were undetermined. Of
the total number of offenders, 21 percent belong to the age group 18-25,
the age group with the highest number of offenders.
Table 10.8
PLACE OF OCCURRENCE OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
Province/City
SCENE OF
CRIME Davao Davao del Davao del Tolal
Oriental
eomVal Oavao City
Norte Sur
Total 57 85 56 88 364 650

House 34 49 40 42 198 363
School/Office - 5 1 25 9 40
Motel/Hotel/Inri - 1 - - 1 2
Others 23 30 15 21 156 245

Most cases of crimes against children occurred at home. Domestic

violence comprised 56 percent of the cases. Those, which occurred
outside the home such as school/office, motel/inn as well as at the streets
and abandoned place, happened in 40 percent of the cases. The
school/office is seldom the place of occurrence of crimes against children.
Figure 10.3
PERCENTAGE OF VICTIMS OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
DAVAO REGION: 2004
The usual victims of crimes against children were girls. In 2004, 78 percent
of the victims of crimes against children were girls while boys accounted
for only 22 percent of the victims.
Table 10.9
PERPETRATORS OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
BY SEX AND PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Offenders
Province/City Women Men Total
No. I % No. I % No. I %
Total 104 16.33 533 83.67 637 100.00
Davao Oriental 5 8.93 51 91.07 56 100.00
Davao del Norte 23 27.06 62 72.94 85 100.00
Compostela Valley 2 455 42 95.45 44 100.00
Davao del Sur 12 1364 76 86.36 88 100.00
Davao City 62 17.03 302 82.97 364 100.00

Majority of the perpetrators of violence against children were men. Of the

total number of offenders, 84 percent were men, while only 16 percent
were women.
For most of the provinces and city of Davao Region, men were most likely
to be the perpetrators of violence against children.
Compostela Valley recorded the highest percentage on male perpetrators.

There were 21 male perpetrators for every female perpetrator.
Table 10.10
WEAPONS/MEANS USED BY OFFENDERIS IN COMMITTING
VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province/City
WEAPONSIMEANS
Davao Davaodel Oavao del Total
USED ComVal Cavao City
Oliental Norte Sur
Total 57 85 64 88 364 658
Firearm - - 3 1 4 8
Blunt Instrument 6 - 6 1 10 23
Bladed 3 7 11 8 32 61
Instrument
Hands/Feel/Fists 19 47 18 57 62 203
Others 29 31 26 21 256 363

Of the total number of cases on crimes against children in Davao Region,

31 percent were done with the perpetrators' hands, feet and fists. In the
rest of the cases, offenders used firearms, bladed and blunt instruments in
doing the crime.
Most of the child abuses committed at the different provinces and city in
Davao Region were done with the use of hands, feet, and fists.
10-1B Special Sectoral Concerns
Table 10.11
TIME OF COMMISSION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN
Province/City
TIME OF
Cavao Davao del Oavao del Total
COMMISSION Oriental Norte
ComVal
Sur
Davao City
Total 57 85 56 88 364 650
12:00mn - 6:00am - 3 9 12 11 35
6:00am - 12:00nn 11 1B 15 27 75 146
12:00nn - 6:00pm 23 2B 6 25 144 226
6:00 pm - 12:00mn 16 22 14 14 BB 154
Undetermined 7 14 12 10 46 B9
Source:
..
Philippine National Police, Regional Command (RECOM) XI
There was no clear pattern as to the time of commission of crimes among

provinces.
In Davao Region in 2004, crimes against children were mostly committed

from 12:00 noon to 6:00 pm. They were least committed during late
evening of 12:00 midnight to 6:00 in the morning.
Table 10.12
SUBSTANCE INFLUENCE ON PERPETRATORS IN COMMITTING
CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province/City
UNDER THE Total
Davao Davao del Davaodel
INFLUENCE OF: Oriental Norte
ComVal
Sur
OavaoCity
Total 57 85 64 88 364 658
Drugs 1 1 3 4 - 9
Alcohol 8 30 22 15 59 134
Both 1 - - 4 - 5
None 47 54 39 65 305 510

Seventy-eight (78) percent of the abuses were committed without the

influence of any substance. Only 22 percent of the offenders were under
the influence of drugs, alcohol or both.
The same picture was observed in all provinces and city of Davao Region.
Table 10.13
DISPOSITION OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN
Province/City
DISPOSITION Davao Davaodel Oavaodel Total
Oriental Norte
ComVal Davao City
Sur
Total 57 85 64 88 364 658

Suspect Arrested 13 16 36 25 145 235
Warrant Issued - - 4 8 1 13
At Large 38 51 10 40 215 354
On Bail - - 7 2 2 11
Others 6 18 7 13 1 45
More than half or 53 percent of the offenders of crimes against children

were still at large in 2004, 36 percent were arrested and only 2 percent
were issued warrant of arrests.
Except for Compostela Valley, most of the offenders in other provinces and
city were still at large.
Table 10.14
MEDICO-lEGAL STATUS OF CASES OF CRIMES AGAINST
CHilDREN, BY PROVINCE/CITY: 2004
Province/City
MEDICO-lEGAL Total
Davao Davao del Davao del
EXAM Oriental Norte
ComVal
Sur
Davao City
Total 57 85 56 88 364 650
Availed 42 70 51 82 176 421
Not Availed 11 12 2 6 151 182
Pending 4 3 3 - 37 47
Source: PhlhpPlne National Pollee (PNP), RECOM XI, Women and Children's Desk
Majority or 61.9 percent of victims of crimes against children availed of

medico-legal services. Of the 650 victims, only 182 or 28 percent did not
avail, or did not request for a medico-legal examination. Meanwhile, 47
victims or 7 percent were still pending at their respective levels.
to-22 Special Sectoral Concerns
Table 10.1'5
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION TO TOTAL POPULATION OF DISABLED
PERSONS BY TYPE OF DISABILITY: 2000
Both
Type of Disability Women Men
Sexes
Total Blindness 4.3 2.0 2.3
Partial Blindness 7.4 3.5 3.9
Low Vision 41.2 21.8 19.4
Total Deafness 3.4 1.6 1.8
Partial Deafness 4.2 1.9 2.3
Hard of Hearing 4.1 1.8 2.3
Oral Defect 5.0 2.3 2.7
Loss of 'one or both arms/hands 3.6 1.3 2.3
Loss of one or both legs/feet 4.7 1.7 2.9
Quadriplegic 5.9 2.5 3.4
Mentally retarded 7.7 3.5 4.2.
Mentally ill 5.3 2.4 2.9
Multiple Impairment 3.1 1.3 1.8
Total number of disabled persons 43,179 20,591 22,588
Source: 2000 Census of Population, NSO XI
In 2000, low vision was the most common disability in Davao Region. Of
the total number of persons with disabilities 41 percent were having
problem with low vision. 22 percent of them were women, and 19 percent
were men.
The 3 mos~ common types of disabilities for women are low vision, mental
retardation and partial blindness. The same is also true for men.
WOMEN AND CHILDREN SUPPORT SYSTEMS
The influx of women in the labor marl<et more than ever calls for shared
responsibilities between women and men in children upbringing. It also
calls for the provision and development of child-care facilities by the
government and society in general.
Child prostitution, sexual abuse of children, child labor are emerging

phenomena in recent period. Support for these children, especially for the
girl child are also very much needed. Data on these social realities are
limited, if available at all. The lack of data contributes to insufficient
government interventions and support.
Gender issues focusing on women and children support system are:
• The lack of daycare centers or child minding centers in the

work place, aggravating the multiple burden of most
mothers:
• Child rearing is often delegated to mothers when it should

be a shared responsibility of both parents - mothers and
fathers:
• Child prostitution. sexual abuse of children and child labor.
This chapter provides data data on employed women with children under
five by person who cares for child while mother is at work. Data on
working children. women in especially difficult circumstances and children
needing special protection (CNSPs) served by Department of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD) XI are likewise provided. Statistics on
number of day care centers, workers, and children served were also
presented.
Women in especially difficult circumstances and children needing special

protection (CNSPs) served, number of day care centers, workers and
children served were generated from DSWD XI.
11-2 Women and Children Support System
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 11.1 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED 11-3

WOMEN WITH CHILDREN UNDER FIVE BY
PERSON WHO CARES FOR CHILD WHILE
MOTHER IS AT WORK: 1998
Table 11.2 DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN IN ESPECIALLY 11-4
DIFFICULT CIRCUMSTANCES SERVED BY THE
DSWD UNDER COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES,
BY CATEGORY: 2003 and 2004
Table 11.3 CHILDREN NEEDING SPECIAL PROTECTION 11-5
(CNSPs) SERVED BY DSWD, REGION XI: 2003
Table 11.4 NUMBER OF DAY CARE CENTERS, WORKERS 11~
AND CHILDREN SERVED IN REGION XI, BY
PROVINCE/CITY: CY 2003
Women and Children Support System 11-3
Table 11-1
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED WOMEN WITH CHILDREN
UNDER FIVE BY PERSON WHO CARES FOR CHILD WHILE MOTHER
IS AT WORK: 1998
. Child's Caretaker Philippines Region XI

Respondent 30.7 27.5
Husband/Partner 11.5 14.0
Other Relative 28.1 24.2
Neighbor/Friend 1.2 0.0
Hired help 9.4 8.4
SchooVlnsl'1 care/other 0.2 0.0
Other female child 11.1 14.6
Other male child 3.3 4.5
Other, missing 4.5 6.8
No child less than 5 66.4 65.4

One or more children less than 5 33.6 34.6
Number of Women 6,448 483
Source: 1998 National Demographic and Health Surveys, NSO
At the national and regional level, one of three working women has one or
more children under five years old in 1998.
Among working women, three out of ten take care of their children while
they work. Relatives are also the most common caretakers aside from the
mother, both at the national and regional level. Hired help is as most
common nationwide as in Region XI.
Shared parenting is slightly more common in Region XI than at the natfonal

level. At the national level only in 12 percent of the cases surveyed, did the
husband/partner share in taking care of the children while the wife works.
In Region XI, in 14 percent of the cases the husband does this task.
11-4 Women and Children Support System
Table 11.2
DISTRIBUTION OF WOMEN IN ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT
CIRCUMSTANCES SERVED BY THE DSWD UNDER COMMUNITY-
BASED SERVICES, BY CATEGORY: 2003 and 2004
Category 2003 2004

Total 182 176
Abandoned - -
Sexually Abused 7 4
Rape 7 3
Incest - 1
Acts of Lasciviousness - -
Physically Abused/ Battered/Maltreated 13 27
Victims of Illegal Recruitment 3 -
Victims of Involuntary Prostitution 2 2
Victims of Armed Conflict - -
Women in Detention - 7
Others 157 138
Emotionally Abused 113 82
Referra/s 38 48
Adoption 6 8
Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development XI
The number of women in especially difficult situations served by DSWD in

Davao Region dropped by 3 percent in 2004.
The most predominant clientele type were those who were emotionally
abused. In 2004, 47 percent of the women in especially difficult
circumstances (WE DC) cases were of this type. In 2004 the number of
sexually abused women went down by 43 percent while the number of
physically abused/ battered/ maltreated women doubled.
Women and Children Support System 11.5
Table 11.3
CHILDREN NEEDING SPECIAL PROTECTION (CNSPs) SERVED BY
DSWD, REGION XI; 2003
Gins Boys
Category
Total 241 100.0 515 100.0

Abandoned 29 12.0 28 5.4
Neglected 54 22.4 61 11.8
Sexually Abused 72 29.9 8 1.6
a. Rape/Attempted Rape 58 24.1 4 0.8
b. Incest 11 4.6 . .
c. Acts of Lasciviousness 3 1.2 4 0.8
Physically Abused 19 7.9 10 1.9
Victims of Child labor 14 5.8 2 0.4
Victims of Child Trafficking 1 0.4 1 0.2
Victims of Prostitution . . . .
Children in Conflict wi law 43 17.8 392 76.1
Victims of Anmed Conflict - - . -
Emotionally Disturbed . - . -
Street Children 6 2.5 13 2.5
Children in Various Cir. Of
Disabililv
3 1.2 - .
Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development
There were a total of 756 children needing special protection (CNSPs)

served by DSWD in 2003. 68 percent were boys while 32 percent were
girls.
The majority of the gins served were sexually abused a=unting for 30
percent of the total girls (CNSPs) served by DSWD. While the majority of
the boys served were children in conflict with law.
11-6 Women and Children Support ~ystem
Table 11.4
NUMBER OF DAY CARE CENTERS, WORKERS AND CHILDREN
SERVED IN REGION XI, BY PROVINCE/CITY: CY 2003
No. of No. of
No. of Children
Province/City Day Care Day Care
Served
Centers Workers
Total 2,167 2,146 72,936
Davao Oriental 315 315 9,260
Davao del Norte 406 403 12,508
Compostela Valley 382 382 11,214
Davao del Sur 596 593 15,742
Davao City 468 453 24,212

Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development XI
In 2003, there were 2,167 Day Care Centers and 2,146 Day Care Workers
in Davao Region. These centers had served a total of 72,936 children.
Among province/cities in Davao Region, Davao Oriental had the lowest

number of 'day care centers, workers and children served. Davao del Sur
had the highest number of day care centers but Davao City, which is only
second to Davao del Sur in the number of day care centers, had the
greatest number of children served with 24,212 children served.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
Gender and Development (GAD) is a development framework that takes

into account the different roles, interests and needs of women and men in
development planning.
GAD has evolved from a concern with the on-going and increasing
disadvantage of women despite almost two decades of Women in
Development (WID) efforts. The GAD analysis looks beyond the functions
of women and men in society, to examine the relations between them, and
the forces that both perpetuate and change these relations.
The GAD approach not only seeks to integrate women into development,
but also looks for potential in development initiatives to transform unequal
social and gender relations to empower women. A long-term goal of GAD
is the equal partnership of women and men in determining and directing
their collective future. (NCRFW, Guidelines for Developing and
Implementing Gender-Responsive Programs and Projects, 1993)
The issues under this area of concern are:
<jl Although a number of gender sensitivity training has been

undertaken in almost all regional line agencies and local
government units in Davao Region for almost a decade,
meaningful mainstreaming of GAD in government offices are not
yet undertaken;
<jl There is no clear institutional and procedural methodology at the

local level for GAD mainstreaming.
'The data incorporated in this chapter were: number of orientations/training

conducted related to Gender and Development (GAD) and Population
Development (POPDEV) in Agrarian Reform Communities (ARC's),
number of women trained under Productivity Skills Capability Building
(PSCB) Program of Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD), number of women's organization existing in ARC's, number of
government agencies in Davao City with GAD Focal Point, and number of
government agencies in Davao City with existing GAD programs and
proj!lcts.
12-2 Gender and Development
The chapter also includes several data from the Development of Peoples
Foundation's Project on Replicating Gender Watch Monitoring in
Mindanao.
Data on this chapter are obtained from Department of Agrarian Reform

(DAR) XI, DSWD XI, and Gender Watch Monitoring Project. Data on
number of trainings/orientations related to GAD and POPDEV are sourced
from DAR XI, number of trained women was obtained from DSWD XI.
Meanwhile, statistics on number of government agencies with GAD focal
points and existing GAD programs were generated through the Gender
Watch Monitoring Project.
Gender and Development 12-3
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 12.1 NUMBER OF TRAININGS/ORIENTATION 12-5

CONDUCTED RELATED
TO GAD AND POPDEV IN ARC'S: 2000-2001
Table 12.2 NUMBER OF WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION 12.0
EXISTING IN AGRARIAN REFORM
COMMUNITIES (ARC's): 2002 - 2004
Table 12.3 NUMBER OF WOMEN TRAINED IN 12-7
PRODUCTIVITY SKILLS CAPABILITY BUILDING
(PSCB) CENTERS: 2003
Table 12.4 NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN 12-8
DAVAO CITY WITH GAD FOCAL POINT JL: 2001

DAVAO CITY WITH EXISTING GAD PROGRAMS
AND PROJECTS: 2001
Table 12.6 LGUS WITH GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT 12-10
(GAD) PLANS: (as of February 27, 2004)

CITIES OF REGION XI, WITH GAD FOCAL POINT:
2004
Table 12.8 NUMBER OF GAD FOCAL POINTS IN CITIES OF 12-12

REGION XI,
BY SEX: 2004
Table 12.9 NUMBER OF FOCAL POINTS IN CITIES OF 12-13
REGION XI, WITH AND WITHOUT WRITIEN
FUNCTIONS: 2004
Table 12.10 NUMBER OF AGENCIES IN CITIES OF REGION 12-14
XI, WITH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAMS:
2004
Table 12.11 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES TRAINED IN RHNAW 12-15
CONCERNS: 2004
-
STATISTICAL TABLES
Table 12.12 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES TRAINED IN RHNAW 12-16

FOR MEN: 2004
Table 12.13 NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES TRAINED IN 12-17
ADOLESCENT REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: 2004
Table 12.14 NUMBER OF AGENCIES WITH ASSISTANCE TO 12-18
VAW VICTIMS, BY TYPE OF ASSISTANCE: 2004
Table 12.15 NUMBER OF AGENCIES WITH DATABASE ON 12-19
VAW, BY TYPE OF DATABASE: 2004
Table 12.16 NUMBER OF AGENCIES WITH EXISTING 12-20
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES FOR MEN, BY TYPE
OF ASSISTANCE: 2004
Table 12.1
NUMBER OF TRAININGS/ORIENTATION CONDUCTED RELATED
TO GAD AND POPDEV IN ARC'S: 2000-2001
2000 2001
PROVINCE/CITY
Women Men Women Men
Total 356 270 168 143
Davao Oriental 37 26 0 0
Davao del Norte 1/ 133 115 33 40
Davao del Sur 39 32 24 27
Davao City 147 97 111 76
Note: GAO - Gender and Development.

ARC - Agrarian Reform Community.
11includes Compostela Valley and Tagum City
More women than men had participated in different trainings and

orientations related to Gender and Development (GAD), and Population
Development in Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) from 2000 to 2001.
ARC members from Davao del Norte and Davao City benefited most in the
different trainings and orientations.
Table 12.2
NUMBER OF WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION EXISTING IN AGRARIAN
REFORM COMMUNITIES (ARC's): 2002 - 2004
2002 2003 2004

Province/City
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent
Total 88 100.00 95 100.00 98 100.00
Davao Oriental 15 17.05 15 15.79 19 19.39
Davao del Norte 24 27.27 26 27.37 25 25.51
Compostela Valley 15 17.05 15 15.79 16 16.33
Davao del Sur 21 23.86 25 26.32 27 27.55
Davao City 13 14.77 14 14.74 11 11.22

Source: Department of Agranan Reform XI
As of 2004, a total of 98 women's organization were existing in Agrarian

Reform Communities in Davao Region. Of the total number, 28 percent
were in Davao del Sur, while only 11 percent were found in Davao City.
Table 12.3
NUMBER OF WOMEN TRAINED IN PRODUCTIVITY SKILLS
CAPABILITY BUILDING (PSCB) CENTERS: 2003
Women Trained
Province/City
Number Percent
Total 1.809 100.00
Davao Oriental 284 15.70
Davao del Norte 318 17.58
Davao del Sur aJ aJ
Compostela Valley 45 2.49
Davao City 1,162 64.23
Notes: Productivity Skills CapabIlity BUilding includes Food Processing and Preservation,
Toy Craft. and High Speed Sewing.
aJ no data available
Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development
In 2003, there were 1,809 women who were trained under the Productivity
Skills Capability Building of DSWD, 64 percent of which came from Davao
City. Compostela Valley had the least number of women trained with only
45 or 3 percent. There is no available data for Davao del Sur.
Table 12.4
NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN DAVAO CITY
WITH GAD FOCAL POINTl1: 2001
Type Number Percent
Total Agencies 28 100.0
Agencies with Focal Point 27 96.4
Existing - Active/Operational 20 74.1
Existing - Inactive 7 25.9
Newly Appointed 0 0.0
Agencies without Focal Point 1 3.6
Agencies without Data 0 0.0
Note: 11 Monitored under the Gender Watch Monitoring Project.
Source: DPF. Gender Watch Monitoring Project
As stated under RA 7192: Women in Development and Nation Building

Act, GAD Focal Points shall serve as catalysts for gender responsive
planning and programming in their respective agencies.
Of the 28 agencies monitored under the Gender Watch Project, 27

government agencies in Davao City had established GAD focal points. Of
the 27 agencies with focal points, 20 were active and operational and 7
were inactive.
There was only 1 agency which do not have GAD Focal Point.
Gender and Development 12.9
Table 12.5
NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN DAVAO CITY
WITH EXISTING GAD PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS: 2001
Type of Agency Number Percent
Total Number of Agency 28 100.0
Wrth GAD Programs and Projects 20 71.4
Without GAD Programs and Projects 3 10.7
No Response 5 17.9
Source: DPF. Gender Watch Monitoring Project
Twenty (20) government agencies in Davao City had existing programs

and projects in gender and development.
These agencies accounted for 71 percent of the total number of agencies

monitored under the Gender Walch Project.
Table 12.6
LGUS WITH GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) PLANS
(as of February 27,2004)
Percentage
of LGUs
Province City/Municipality with GAD Plans
with GAD
Plans
Davao 90.9 Baganga, Banaybanay, Boston, Cateel,
Oriental Governor Generoso, Lupon, Manay, Mati,
San Isidro, Tarragona
Davao del 70.0 Asuncion, Barulio E. Dujali, Carmen,

Norte Kapalong, New Corella, Sto. Tomas,
Talaingod
Davao del 86.7 Bansalan, Don Marcelino, Hagonoy, Jose

Sur Abad Santos, Magsaysay, Malalag,
Malita, Matanao, Pad ada, Sta. Maria,
Sarangani, Sulop
Compostela 54.5 Compostela, Laak, Maco, Maragusan,

Vallev Nabunturan, New Bataan
Source: National CommiSSion on the Role of Filipino Women (NCRFW)
The General Appropriation Act mandates government agencies and LGUs

to utilize at least 5 percent of their total budget appropriations for GAD
'programs and projects. To tap this so called GAD budget, GAD Plans
should be formulated by the government agencies and LGUs.
In Davao Region, not all of the LGUs have GAD Plan. As of February 27,
2004 Davao Oriental has the largest percentage of municipalities with
. GAD Plan. Slightly only more than half of the total number of municipalities
in Compostela Valley had made their GAD Plans.
Table 12.7
NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN CITIES OF REGION XI,
WITH GAD FOCAL POINT: 2004
'",,~-
Agencies with Agencies without No. of
City Focal Points Focal Points Agencies
No. % No. % MonitoredJl
Davao City 7 77.8 2 22.2 9
Digos City 9 100.0 0 0.0 9
Island Garden City of

7 100.0 0 0.0 7
Samal (IGACOS)
Panabo City 3 42.9 4 57.1 7
Tagum City 2 33.3 4 66.7 6
Total
28 73.7 10 26.3 38
Note: 1l Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch In MIndanao ProJed
Source: DPF, Replicating Gender Watch in Mindanao Project
Out of the 38 agencies monitored throughout Davao Region, Digos City

had the most number of GAD Focal Points. All of the agencies monitored
in Digos City under the Development of Peoples Foundation Replicating
Gender Watch in Mindanao Project, have established GAD focal points.
Tagum City had the least number of GAD Focal Points.

Table 12.8
NUMBER OF GAD FOCAL POINTS IN CITIES OF REGION XI,
BY SEX: 2004
Male Female No. of

City Agencies
No. % No. % Monitored.1L
Davao City 3 30.0 7 70.0 9
Digos City 1 11.1 8 88.9 9

1 25.0 3 75.0 7
Samal (IGACOS)
Panabo City 1 25.0 3 75.0 7
Tagum City 2 20.0 8 80.0 6
Total No. of Agencies 8 21.6 29 78.4 38

Note: 11 Monitored under the Repllcattng Gender Watch In Mindanao ProJed
Source: OPF, Replicating Gender Watch in Mindanao Project
There were more female GAD focal point members than males. Davao
City had the most number of male GAD focal point members. Of the 10
focal point members 30 percent were males and 70 percent were females.
In Digos City, only 11 percent of the 9 focal point members were males.
Table 12.9
NUMBER OF FOCAL POINTS IN CITIES OF REGION XI, WITH AND
WITHOUT WRITTEN FUNCTIONS: 2004
Focal Points No. of

Focal Points with
Without Written Agencies
City Written Functions
Functions Monitoredll
No. % No. %
Davao City 7 100.0 0 0.0 9
Digos City 9 100.0 0 0.0 9
Island Garden City of 85.7 7

1 14.3 6
Samal (IGACOS)
Panabo City 2 66.7 1 33.3 7
Tagum City 0 0.0 2 100.0 6
. Total No. of Agencies 19 67.9 9 32.1 38
Note: 11 Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch In Mindanao Project
Most of the focal points set up by the agencies monitored have written
functions and responsibilities. Having focal points with written functions
and responsibilities ensure that. there will be institutionalized GAD
mainstreaming in the agencies concerned. And that the GAD policies put
up by the focal points can be sustained by the agencies. .
All of the focal points in Davao City as well as Digos City have written
functions and responsibilities. None of the focal points established at
Tagum City have written functions and responsibilities.
Table 12.10
NUMBER OF AGENCIES IN CITIES OF REGION XI, WITH
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH PROGRAMS: 2004
% to Total No. of
City No. Agencies Agencies
Monitored Monitorectll
Davao City 7 77.8 9
Digos City 7 77.8 9
Island Garden City of Sarna!

1 14.3 7
(IGACOS)
Panabo City 2 28.6 7
Tagum City 2 33.3 6
Total No. of Agencies 19 50.0 38

Note: 11 Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch in Mindanao Project
The 1994 UN International Conference on Population and Development _

Program of Action, (POA), has as one of its major recommendations the
provision of an integrated reproductive health, (RH), services rather than
just family planning services. With this recommendation, women and men
should have access not only to essential and emergency obstetric care
from skilled health workers but also access to more comprehensive
reproductive health services.
Of the agencies monitored under the Gender Watch Mindanao Project,

only 50% have RH services. Davao City had the most number of RH
programs among the cities in Davao Region.
Table 12.11
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES TRAINED IN RHNAW CONCERNS: 2004
Percentage No. of
City Total Agencies.
Female Male Manitoredll
Davao City 191 81.2 18.8 9
Digos City 41 80.2 19.5 9

0 0.0 0.0 7
Samal (IGACOS)
Panabo City 2 50.0 50.0 7
Tagum City 1 100.0 0 6
Total No. of Agencies 235 80.9 19.1 38

Note: 11 Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch in MIndanao Project
There are more women than men who were trained in RHNAW
(reproductive health/prevention and management of violence against
women) concerns in Davao Region.
Davao City has the largest number of trained personnel in RHN AW. Of
the tolal number of personnel trained in RHNAW, 81.2 percent were
personnel from Davao government units. Samal City did not have a single
employee trained in RHNAW concerns
Table 12.12
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES TRAINED IN RHNAW FOR MEN: 2004
Percentage No. of
City Total Agencies
Female Male Monitoredll
Davao City 45 95.6 4.4 9
Digos City 6 33.3 66.7 9

0 0.0 0.0 7
Samal (IGACOS)
Panabo City 1 0.0 100.0 7
Tagum City 1 100.0 0.0 6
Note: 11 Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch in MIndanao Project
The 1994 ICPD-POA also stresses the role of men in promoting

reproductive health in the family. It says, "Men playa key role in promoting
gender equality since in most societies, men exercise preponderant power
in nearly every sphere of life. The objective is to promote gender equality
and to encourage and to enable men to take responsibility for their sexual
and reproductive behavior and their social family roles" (Chap 4, Sec.C,
ICPD. Report, 1994)
Training of employees on men's involvement in RHNAW is an essential

input for implementing the above stated ICPD provision. Only 53
employees in all the cities of Davao Region were trained on men's
involvement in RHNAW. Of this, 85 percent were employees of Davao
City government units.
Table 12.13
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES TRAINED IN ADOLESCENT
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: 2004
Percentage No. of
City Total Agencies
Female Male Monitoredll
Davao City 3 100.0 a 9
Digos City 26 69.2 30.8 9

Samal (IGACOS)
a 0.0 0.0 7
Panabo City a 0.0 0.0 7
Tagum City a 0.0 0.0 6
Note: 11 Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch in Mindanao Project
Adolescent sexual and reproductive health issues, including unwanted

pregnancy, unsafe abortion (as defined by the World Health Organization),
and STDs and HIV/AIDS, are addressed through the promotion of
responsitlle and healthy reproductive and sexual behaviour, including
voluntary abstinence, and the provision of appropriate services and
counselling specifically suitable for that age group. (Chap VII, Sec.E,
ICPD, Report, 1994)
- In Davao Region, only 29 employees from the cities' LGUs were trained in
Adolescent Reproductive Health (ARH) services. Most of these employees
were coming from Digos City. Davao City had only 3 employees trained in
ARH.
Table 12.14
NUMBER OF AGENCIES WITH ASSISTANCE TO VAW VICTIMS, BY
TYPE OF ASSISTANCE: 2004
Davao Digos Panabo

Type of Assistance IGACOS Tagum Total
City City City
Shelter 1 1 0 2 1 5
Legal 1 2 1 2 1 7
Paralegal 1 0 1 3 1 6
Counseling 4 3 1 3 1 12
Referral 5 3 0 3 1 12
Psycho!
2 0 0 2 0 4
Psychiatric Testing
Medical 2 1 1 2 1 7
Family Support 3 1 0 2 1 7
Others, Economic 0 2 0 2 0 4
Others 0 2 0 0 0 2
Note: 11 Monrtored under the Replicating Gender Watch In Mindanao ProJed
Source: DPF. Replicating Gen~erWatch in Mindanao Project
The ICPD also states that countries should take full measures to eliminate
all forms of exploitation, abuse, harassment and violence against women,
adolescents and girls. As such, the government should implement services
on the elimination and management of violence against women.
Most of the services delivered to VAW victims in Davao Region were in the
form of referrals and counseling.
Table 12.15
NUMBER OF AGENCIES WITH DATABASE ON YAW,
BY TYPE OF DATABASE: 2004
Database Database on No. of

City on Victims Perpetrators Agencies
ofVAW ofVAW MonitoredJL
Davao City 4 2 9
Digos City 4 2 9

1 1 7
Samal (IGACOS)
Panabo City 2 0 7
Tagum City 2 0 6
Total No. of Agencies 13 5 38
Note: 11 Momtored under the Replicating Gender Watch In Mindanao Project
Only 13 out of 38 agencies monitored under the Gender Watch Mindnaao

Project maintain database on YAW victims, while only 5 out of the 38
agencies maintain database on YAW perpetrators.
Almost half or 44 percent of the agencies monitored in Davao City as well

as Digos City maintains database on YAW victims. Only 1 of the agencies
monitored in IGACOS maintains the same. .
Table 12.16
NUMBER OF AGENCIES WITH EXISTING HEALTH CARE
FACILITIES FOR MEN, BY TYPE OF ASSISTANCE: 2004
Davao Digos Panabo

Type of Assistance IGACOS Tagum Total
City Oity City
Direct Health Service 2 1 0 1 0 4
Counseling on VAW 4 2 0 2 0 8
Counseling on Health 2 2 0 1 0 5
Counseling on FP 3 2 0 2 0 7
Counseling on 4 2 0 1 0 7
HIV/AIDS
Management of 1 0 0 0 0 1
Andropous
Rehabilitation for 1 0 0 0 0 1
VAW Perpetrators
Referral Services 4 4 0 2 0 10
Prostate Cancer 1 0 0 1 0 2
Screening
Note: .1l Monitored under the Replicating Gender Watch in Mindanao ProJed
Source: OPF. RepHcating Gender Watch in Mindanao Project
Most of the services implemented for men in Davao Region were in the
form of counseling and referrals. Counseling on VAW, health, family
planning and HIV/AIDS for men were available in all the LGUs of the cities
in Davao Region.
Only Davao City had available services for men on management of

andropous.
ANNEX
Technical Notes
List of Philippine Laws in Support of

Women's Welfare and Rights
List of Data Sources
NSCB Key Officials

TECHNICAL NOTES
Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries

• refer to individual beneficiaries under PO 27 and RA 6657, or their cooperative
association, or federation duly registered with the securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC) or the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) (3).
Balik.Aral Students
• refer to pupils who finished a grade level and stopped schooling, then enrolled in the next
grade after a year or more (4).
=
Barangay Health Station (BHS)
• the primary health care facility at the barangay level wherein health services are delivered
(5).
ChildlYouth
- defined as an individual whose age ranges from 0 to less than 18 years old (5).
CLOA Holder
- refers to a farmer-beneficiary who was awarded a Certificate of Land Ownership
Agreement (CLOA) for the land he or she tills under Executive Order No. 228 and Republic
Act No. 6657 otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law. The CLOA is
also a title issued to farmer-beneficiaries either individually or collectively (3).
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate

• the number of women using eontraceptive methods over the total number of women of
reproductive age (15-49 years old) (6).
Disadvantaged Children
• children from 0-6 years aids who are malnourished, orphaned, street children, victims of
armed conflicts and children of poor families (5).
Disadvantaged Women
- women from 1!l-59 years old who were deprived of literacy opportunities or those
abused/exploited, and victims of involuntary prostitution or illegal recruitment (5).
Disability
• refers to any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the
range considered normal for a human being (5).
Economic Activities
_ include activities such as primary production, processing of primary products and fixed
capital formation (5).
Emancipation Patents
- a title issued to farmer beneficiaries upon fulfillment of all govemment requirements
covered by Presidential Decree No. 27. The title symbolizes the title~s full emancipation
from the bondage of tenancy (5).
Employment Rate
- the proportion of the total number of employed persons to the total number of persons in
the labor force (5).
First Level Position

- includes clerical trades, crafts and custodial service positions, which involve non-
professional or sub-professional wor\( in a non-supervisory or supervisory capacity requiring
less than four years of collegiate studies (2).
Free Patent
- is a mode of acquiring a parcel of alienable and disposable public land that is suitable for
agricultural purposes, through the administrative confirmation of imperfect or incomplete
title (6).
Functional Literacy Rate

- is the proportion of persons with reading, writing and numerically skHls to the total
population in a given age group (5).
Household
- consists of a group of persons who sleep in the same dwelling unit and have common
arrangements for the preparation and consumption of food; a person living alone
constitutes one separate household (5).
Household Head
• refers to the person responsible for care and organization of the household. He/She
usually provides the chief source of income for the household. In the case of a household
consisting of two or more unrelated persons sharing the same cooking facilities and meals,
the head is usually the eldest male or female in the group regarded as such by the older
members (5).
Household Population
• the aggregate of private household population. Compared to total population. this
exdudes population enumerated in institutional households such as nationaVprovinciaV
municipality/city jaiVdetention centers, military camps, tuberculosis pavilions, mental
hospitals, leprosariaJIeper colonies or drug rehabilitation centers (5).
Index Crimes
- crimes which are sufficiently significant and which occur with sufficient regularity to be
meaningful. Induded in this category are the following crimes: murder, physical injury,
robbery, theft and rape (5). .
Labor Force, (Persons in the)

- refers to population 15 years old and over who are either employed or unemployed.
Those who are neither employed or unemployed are considered not in the labor force, e.g.
persons who are not worKing and are not available for worK during the reference week and
persons who are not available and are not looking for worK because of reasons other than
those previously mentioned (4).
Labor Force Participation Rate

• the ratio of the total number of persons in the labor force to the total population 15 years
old and over (5).
Life Expectancy
• an estimate of the average number of additional years a person can expect to live, based .
on the age-specific death rates for a given year (5).
Maternal Mortality
• refers to death of mothers owing to deliveries and complications arising from pregnancy,
childbirth and pueperium (5).
Migration
• movement from one place of abode to another (especially from one region or country to
another) usually with the intention to settle (5).
Mortality
-the intensity of death in a population. It is sometimes used 10 mean the frequency of
deaths in a population (5).
Nominal Wage
- the amount of wages a person actually receives, measured in current pesos. Also called
money wage (5).
Non.formal Education
• any organized, systematic educational activity outside the frameworK of the formal system
to provide selected types of learning to a cross-section of population and across age
. groups (5).
Out.of.School Youth
- boys and girls who belong to any of the categories; (a) 7.14 years old who are not
enrolled; (b) 15-24 years old, not enrolled, not employed and not a tertiary level graduate
(5).
Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)

- a Filipino worKer who is to be engaged. is engaged, or has been engaged in a
remunerated activity in a country of which he/she is not a legal resident (1).
Overseas Contract Worker (OCW)

- any individual who was or is presently engaged in gainful employment in a foreign
country. covered by a specific "contract of employment" defining the terms and conditions
of that employment and the employer-employee relationship, provided that the herein
referred contract was approved for implementation/application by the Philippine Overseas
Employment Administration (POEA) and the deploymenUmobilization having been
authorized by the POEA and provided further that the corresponding Welfare Fund
Contribution having paid at the time of employment processing at POEA or at anytime
thereafter as in the case of legitimized overseas contract worKers, the latter gaining
recognition through the process of latent legitimacy in accordance with applicable rules and
policies in applicable case/s (7).
Own Account Worker

- a person who operates hislher own economic enterprise or engages independenUy in a
profession or trade, and hires no employees for most of the days that his or her business or
trade was in operation during the reference period (6).
Population
-covers both nationals and aliens, native and foreign-born persons, internees, refugees and
any other group physically present within the borders of a country at a specified time. In
assembling national demographic statistics for publication, the basic aim has been to obtain
data for the physically present (or de facto) population rather than for the legally
established resident (or de jure) inhabitants (5).
Real Wage
- wages deflated by the current Consumer Price Index (CPI). It gives information on how
much the current wages are given compared to wages of a given base year period (5).
- indudes professional, technical and scientific positions which involve professional,
technical and scientific work in a non-supervisory or supervisory capacity requiring at least
four years of college work up to Division Chief level (2).
Senior C~izens
- refer to members of the population aged 60 years and above (9).
Simple L~eracy Rate
- is the proportion of persons who are able to read and write with understanding a simple
message in any language or dialect (5).
Third Level Position
- indudes positions in the Career Executive Service (CES) such as those occupying
positions of undersecretary, bureau director, department heads and other officers identified
in the CES Board (2).
'Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
- refers to the average number of births a woman would have by the end of her
reproductive years if fertility levels of each age during her child-bearing period (15-49
years) remain constant at the level prevailing at a given time (5).
Total Wanted Fertil~ Rate (TWFR)
- refers to the level of fertility that theoretically would result if all unwanted births could be
prevented (8).
Unemployment Rate
- proportion of the total number of unemployed persons to the total number of persons in
the labor force (5).
Unpaid Family Workers
- these are family members who assist another member in the operation of a family firm or
business enterprise without receiving any wage or remuneration for their work (6).
Wage and Salary Workers
- these are employed persons working for wages, salaries, commissions, tips, paid in kind
or at piere-rates for a private employer or for the government (6).
Youth 'fender
- refers to youth who is found guilty by the court on the commission of an offense after his
9th birthday but before his 18th birthday whether or not he is emancipated in accordance
with law (10).
SOURCES
1. Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics. Glossary of Terms

Commonly used in the Labor and Employment Statistics.
Manila, Philippines: 1989
2. Civil Service Commission. Inventory of Govemment Personnel,

1996. Quezon City, Philippines: CSC, 1996.
3. Department of Agrarian Reform. DAR Administrative Order

NO.2, s. 1999, Section 5 on "Rules and Regulations Goveming
Joint Economic Enterprises in Agrarian Reform Areas".
4. Department of Education, Culture and Sports. Elementary

School Profile Form, 1999. Manila, Philippines: DECS, 1999.
5. National Statistical Coordination Board. Definition of Terms and

Concepts Used in RSET. Makati City. Philippines: NSCB, 1995
6. National Statistical Coordination Board. Women and Men in the

Philippines: A Statistical Handbook. Makati, Philippines: NSCB,
1995
7. National Statistical Coordination Board. 1998 Philippine

Statistical Yearbook. Makati, Philippines: NSCB, 1998
8. National Statistics Office, Department of Health and Macro

International Inc. National Demographic and Health Survey,
1998. Manila, Philippines: NSO and MI, 1999.
9. National Statistics Office, Profile and Manpower Contribution to

Production of the Special Sectors of the Philippine Population:
Children, Disabled, Muslims and Senior Citizens, Volume IV:
Senior Citizens. Manila, Philippines: NSO, 1996.
10. Department of Social Welfare and Development. PO 603 on

Child and Youth Welfare Code.
I LIST OF PHILIPPINE LAWS IN SUPPORT OF
WOMEN'S WELFARE AND RIGHTS
RA 9262 An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children
daled 07/28/03 Providing for Protective Measures for Victims, Prescribing
Penalties Therefor and for Other Purposes
RA 8369 An Act Establishing Family Couns, Granting Them Exclusive

dated 10/28/97 Original Jurisdiction Over Child and Family cases, Amending
BP No. 192, As mended, otherwise Known as the Judiciary
Reorganization Act of 1980, Appropriating Funds Therefor and
for Other Purposes
RA 8353 An ACI Expanding The Definition of the Crimes of Rape,

dated 09/30/97 ReclassifYing the Same As A Crime Against Persons, Amending
For The purpose Act No. 3815, As Amended, Otherwise Known
As the Revised Penal Code, And For Other Purposes
RA 8187 An Act Granting Paternity Leave of Seven (7) Days With Full
dated 06/1 1/96 Pay To All Married Male Employees in the Private and Public
Sectors for the first four (4) Deliveries of the Legitimate Spouse
With Whom He is Cohabiting and For Other Purposes
RA 8171 An Act Providing For The Repatriation of Filipino Women Who

dated 10/23/95 Have lost Their Philippines Citizenship By Marriage to Aliens
and Natural Born Filipinos
RA 8042 An Act To Institute The Policies of Overseas Employment and

dated 02/20/95 Establish a Higher Standard of Protection and Promotion of th'e
Welfare of Migrant Workers, Their Families and Overseas
Filipinos in Distress, and For Other Purposes
RA 7491 An Act Providing For The Election of Party-List Representative

dated 03/03/95 Through The Party-List System, And Appropriating Funds
Therefor
RA 7822 An Act Providing Assistance To Women Engaging In Micro

dated 02/20/95 and Cottage Business Enterprises, and For Other Purposes
RA 7877 An Act Declaring Sexual Harassment Unlawful in the

dated 02/08/95 Employrtlent and For Other Purposes
RA 7688 An Act Giving Representation To Women in Social Security
dated 03/03/94 Commission Amending For The Purpose Section 3(A) of
Republic Act No. 1161, As Amended
RA 76S9 An Act To Impose Death Penalty on Certain Heinous Crimes,

dated 12/13193 Amending For The Purpose the Revised Penal Code, As
Amended, Other Special Penal Laws, and For Other Purposes
RA 7655 An Act Increasing the Minimum Wage of House helpers

dated 08/19/93 Amending For the Purpose Article 143 of Presidential Decree
No. 142, Amended
RA 7610 An Act Providing For Stronger Deterrence and Special

dated 06/17/92 Protection Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination, Providing Penalties For Its Violation, and For
Other Purposes
RA 7600 An Act Requiring All Government and Private Health

dated 06/17/92 Institutions With Obstetrical Services To Adopt Rooming-in and
. Breastfeeding Practices and For Other Purposes
RA 7432 An Act To Maximize The Contribution of Senior Citizen To

dated 04123192 Nation Building, Grant Benefits and Special Privileges and For
Other Purposes
RA 7394 The Consumer Act Of The Philippines

dated 04/13/92
RA7322 An Act Increasing Maternity Benefits In Favor of Women

dated 03/30/92 Worker In The Private Sector, Amending For The Purpose
Section 14-A of Republic Act No. I 16 I, As Amended And For
Other Purposes
RA7309 An Act Creating Board of Claims Under the Department of

dated 03/30/92 Justice For Victims of Unjust Imprisonment Or Detention and
Victims of Violent Crimes and For Other Purposes
RA 7305 The Magna Carta of Public Health Workers

dated 03/26192
RA 7192 An Act Promoting The Integration of Women As Full and Equal
dated 12/11/91 Partners of Men In Development and nation Building and for
Other Purposes
RA 6972 An Act Establishing A Day Care Center In Every Barangay

dated I 1/23/90 Instituting Therein A Total Development and Protection of
Children Program Appropriating Funds Thereof, and For Other
Purposes
RA 6955 An Act To Declare Unlawful The Practice of Matching For

dated 06/13/90 Marriage To Foreign Nation's On A Mail-Order Basis and For
Other Similar Practices, Including The Advertisement,
Publication, Printing or Distribution of Brochures, Fliers and
Other Propaganda Materials In Furtherance Thereof
And Providing Penalty Therefor
RA 6949 An Act To Declare March Eight of Every Year As A Working

dated 04/10/90 Special Holiday To Be Known As National Women's Day
RA 6809 An Act Lowering the Age of Majority Form Twenty- One To

dated 12/31/89 Eighteen Years, mending For The Purpose EO No. 209, and For
Purposes
RA 6938 An Act To Ordain a Cooperative Code of the Philippines

dated 03/10/90
RA 6728 An Act Providing Government Assistance To Students and

dated 06/1 0/90 Teachers in Private Education and Appropriating Funds
Therefor
RA 6725 An Act Strengthening The Prohibition On Discrimination

dated 04/27/89 Against Women With Respect To Terms and Conditions of
Employment, Amending For The Purposes Article one Hundred
Thirty-Five of the labor Code, As Amended
RA 6657 An Act Instituting A Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

dated 06/10/88 To Promote Soeial Justice and Industrialization, Providing The
Mechanism For Its Implementation and For Other Purposes
RA 6655 An Act Establishing and Providing For A Free Public Secondary

dated 04/26/88 Education and For Other Purposes
LIST OF DATA SOURCES
1. Bureau of Agricultural Statistics XI

2. City Social Services and Development Office, Davao City
3. Civil Service Commission XI
4. Commission on Election XI
5. Commission on Higher Education
6. Cooperatives Development Authority XI
7.
8.
.
Department of Agrarian Reform XI
Department of Agriculture
9. Department of Education XI
10. Department of Environment and Natural Resources XI
11. Department of Health XI
12. Department of Interior and Local Government XI
13. Department of Labor and Employment XI
14. Department of Social Welfare and Development XI
15. Department of Trade and Industry XI
16. Gender Watch Monitoring Project
17. National Commission on Indigenous People. Oavao del Sur.
18. National Police Commission XI
19. National Statistical Coordination Board
20. National Statistics Office XI
21. Philippine National Police, Regional Command XI
22. Philippine Overseas Employment Administration XI
23. Provincial Planning Development Office, Davao Oriental
24. Tambayan Center, Davao City
25. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority XI
This publication was prepared by the
National Statistical Coordination Board

REGIONAL DIVISION XI
Davao City
Email: nscbru11@mozcom.com
URL: http://nscb.gov.ph/ru11
ESTRELLA R. TURINGAN
Head
ROSENDO M. AYA-AY
Statistical Coordination Officer III
JOSEPH M. JINGCO
Statistical Coordination Officer III
MARINA P. ARANETA
Statistical Coordination Officer I
JOSIELITO T. CARNECER
Administrative Support
National Slatistical Coordination Board
KEY OFFICIALS
(as of Mard12005)
ROMULO A. VIROLA
secretary Ge", •• 1
ESTRELLA V. DOMINGO
Assistant Seaetary General
Mr. Francisco K. Mallion Ms. Una V. Castro

Directof. Programs, Policies and Director, Social Stalislics Office
Standards Office
Mr. Raymundo J. Talento Mr. Candido J. Astrologo, Jr.

Director, Eoonom~ Statistics Office OIC, SUbna~1 Stalislics Office
Ms. Cynthia S. Regalado Ms. Redencion M. Ignacio

Chief, Programs, Poloo and Chief, Poverty, lobo<, Human Developlrenl and
Advocacf Division Gender Stalislics D~lsion
Ms. Margarila D. Salulan Ms. Fe Vida N. Dy-Liacco

ChieLStandardsandC~~~ Chief, Population, Health and Nutrition, Housing and
Systems Division Education Stalislics Division
Ms. Vivian R. lIarina Ms. Regina S. Reyes

Chief, Productioo Accounts D~lsion Chief, Expenditure Accounts D~lsion
Ms. Ma. Fe M. Tal~nlO Mr. Edward Eugenio P. Lopez-Dee

OIC, Integrated Accounts D~lsion Chief, EnvironrTef1t31 Accounts Division
Mr. Romeo M. Nimeno Mr. John Frederick P. de Guia

Chief,AdministrativeSe~ Division Chief, Econom~ Ind~too and
SallllliIB Accounts Division
,.
The NSCB Regional Division XI, is pleasedto in{6trn.that,the {qJlowing
publiqtions are now available {or sale and qn"pe ordered {rom the
bookshoppe oFthe National Statistiqlln{ormation
'.Center (NSIC) XI:
2004 Philippine Statistical Yearbook

... 1
This. publication presents in time series, statistics
about the country's macro and micro environment.
These statistics are compiled from results of surveys
and censuses conducted by the Philippine
Statistical System, from the records of
administrative and regulatory agencies of the
government, as well as from the data gathered by
the local and international organizations. The
Philippine Statistical Yearbook (PSY) contains data
which are disaggregated in different dimensions as useful tools in the
conduct of strategic planning, policy, program and project formulation,
business and investment decision making, research and feasibility studies.
The PSY includes a glossary of terms that provides the definition of
selected statistical terminologies not widely understood by the general
public.
The Countryside in Figures

2004 Edition
This publication contains general
information and statistical indicators on
population, governance, family income
and expenditures, labor and employment,
prices, agriculture, health and education of the SEVENTY-EIGHT
PROVINCES and selected cities nationwide. For the this second edition,
we have included additional intemal revenue allotment to total financial
resources, total financial resources per capita, growth rate in average
family income, and hospital bed capacity per 10,000 population.
Moreover, some indicators on the key cities in the Philippines, such as'
labor force, prices, family income and expenditure and health services are
now available. recognize top performers as well as provide insights on
aspects of possible intervention. Specifically, it can be used as a
reference for comparing the performance of our provinces and key cities in
different areas of interest.
, .. .....
".,~
'
" ,," .": .•

\ . '..; j
Thi\~!9ljSReQi90al Domestic Product 2001-2003
The GROP is ~'#annual publication of the NSCB
which addresses the overriding concern to provide
disaggregated information on economic
developments in support of decentralized planning
and decision making. The Gross Regional Domestic
Product is the aggregate of the gross value added or
income originating from each industry or economic
activity Df the regional economy. The economic
activities of the regional economy can be classified
into three major sectors: a) Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry; b) Industry;
and c) Services. The first group includes agricultural crops, livestock and
poultry, agricultural activities and services, fishery and forestry. Industry
covers mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, and electricity,
gas and water. Services include transportation and communication,
wholesale and retail trade, finance, real estate and ownership of dwellings,
other private services and government services.
2000 Philippine Human Development Index

This report contains information on the progress of
human.development in the provinces of the country on
the three indicators of human development: 1) the
aspect of health or longevity, as measured by life
expectancy; 2) knowledge, as measured by enrolment
and literacy rates; and 3) standard of living as
__ measured by the real per capita income. The HOI has
been used extensively at the international level. The
comparative performance of the provinces in terms of HOI will serve in
monitoring and evaluation
Philippine Provincial Poverty Statistics

2000 Edition
Includes official poverty estimates for 77 provinces
of the country and the four districts of Metro Manila
for the years 1997 and 2000. Contains provincial
estimates of the annual per capita poverty
threshold, incidence of families, incidence of
population.• magnitude of poor families and other •
relevant poverty statistics.

Women and Men in Davao Region 2005

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Women and Men in Davao Region 2005

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Women.

With funding assistance from:

With funding assistance from:

The development of gender statistics for Davao Region is largely a

With a strong mainstreaming mechanism in place, such as the Davao City

<j? Violence against women <j? Gender and development

Gender and development (GAD) in Region XI follows a progressive path

With the creation of the Integrated Gender and Development Division,

This impetus for mainstreaming Gender and Development by the NGOs

Population and development are interrelated. High population growth and

<j? serious implication of changing population size, family structure,

<j? multiple burden due to inclination of family members to define certain

Table 1.1 POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP AND SEX: 1-3

.Table 1.2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION, BY AGE GROUP 1-5

Table 1.3 POPULATION 10 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY 1-7

Table 1.4 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SIZE AND 1-8

Figure 1.1 POPULATION PYRAMID OF DAVAO REGION: 1-4

Figure 3.2 HOUSEHOLD POPULATION PYRAMID OF 1-7

All Ages 1,799,282 48.94 1,876,881 51.06 104

Source: 2000 Census of Population. National Statistics Office

80 Y'" & above.:J

Source: 2000 Census of Population, National Statistics Office

The region had a relatively young population as 49 percent of women and

All Ages 1,797,530 48.97 1,873,121 51.03 104

0-4 223,445 49.10 231,634 50.90 104

Source: 2000 Census of Population. National Statistics Office

Household Population is defined as the aggregate of private household

Source: 2000 Census of Population, National Statistics Office

In 2000 Household Population of Davao Region, men outnumber women

Single 21.29 24.97 20.44 24.26

Legally Married 24.02 23.85 22.26 22.24

Widowed 2.33 0.86 2.60 0.99

Separated! 0.32 0.21 0.50 0.38

Note: aJ based on the old Region XI configuration

Source: 1995 and 2000 Censuses of Population, National Statistics Office

Meanwhile, there are more single males than single females.

Household Size Female-Headed Male-Headed

All Households 10.83 89.17

The average size of female-headed households in 2000 was about 4

Violence against women, (VAW), is any act of gender-based violence that

In Davao Region, the priority issues and concern pertaining to violence

The Philippine National Police provides some statistics on rape, battery,

This chapter presents provincial/city data on rape and other forms of

included due to lack of efficient reporting mechanism in the responsible

Table 2.1 NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES BY TYPE, DAVAO 2-4

Table 2.11 INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE ON 2-15

Figure 2.1 NUMBER OF RAPE CASES IN DAVAO REGION 2-5

Type 2002 2003 2004

Total 1,615 1,303 1,405

Rape 150 136 132

Murder 264 304 367

Physical Injuries 348 346 364

Robbery 146 154 148

Theft 313 264 298

Note: 1998-2001 data are based on the old Region XI configuration

Source: Philippine National Police, Regional Command (RECOM) Xl

Province/City 2001 2002 2003 2004

Tolal 223 150 136 94

Davao del Norte 20 16 14 11

Note: 2001 data are based on the old RegIon XI configuration

Source: Philippine National Police. Regional Command (RECOM) XI

Total 38 85 63 68 411 665

Total 38 85 63 68 411 665