Zero Generation (0G) refers to life before the invention of the cell phone

mobile telephony technology, this includes radio telephones that some had
in cars before the invention of modern cell phones.

1G: Where it all began

 (FDMA)
 (ANALOG SIGNALS)
 5KM RANGE FOR RADIO SIGNALS
 AMPS TECHNOLOGY
 UPLINK(824-849) AND DOWNLINK(864-894)

The first generation of mobile networks – or 1G as they were retroactively dubbed when the next
generation was introduced – was launched by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in Tokyo in
1979. By 1984, NTT had rolled out 1G to cover the whole of Japan.

In 1983, the US approved the first 1G operations and the Motorola’s DynaTAC became one of the
first ‘mobile’ phones to see widespread use stateside. Other countries such as Canada and the UK
rolled out their own 1G networks a few years later.

However, 1G technology suffered from a number of drawbacks. Coverage was poor and sound
quality was low. Worse of all, calls weren’t encrypted, so anyone with a radio scanner could drop in
on a call.

1G is an analog technology and the phones generally had poor battery life
and voice quality was large without much security, and would sometimes
experience dropped calls . These are the analog telecommunications
standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being
replaced by 2G digital telecommunications. The maximum speed of 1G
is 2.4 Kbps .
Despite these shortcomings and a hefty $3,995 price tag ($9,660 in today’s money), the DynaTAC
still managed to rack up an astonishing 20 million global subscribers by 1990. There was no turning
back; the success of 1G paved the way for the second generation, appropriately called 2G.

2G: The Cultural Revolution

 TDMA AND CDMA
 IS 95/IS 135
 GSM STANDARD/GPRS/EDGE
 DIGITAL SIGNAL
 FREQUENCY WAS 1000Mhz-2000Mhz
 POWER CONTROL

The second generation of mobile networks, or 2G, was launched under the GSM standard in Finland
in 1991. For the first time, calls could be encrypted and digital voice calls were significantly clearer
with less static and background crackling.
But 2G was about much more than telecommunications. For the first time, people could send text
messages (SMS), picture messages, and multimedia messages (MMS) on their phones.

Although 2G’s transfer speeds were initially only around 9.6 kbit/s, operators rushed to invest in new
infrastructure such as mobile cell towers. By the end of the era, speeds of 40 kbit/s were achievable
and EDGE connections offered speeds of up to 500 kbit/s. Despite relatively sluggish speeds, 2G
revolutionized the business landscape and changed the world forever.

3G: The ‘Packet-Switching’ Revolution



BY JAPAN,SPEED IN Mbps
3G was launched by NTT DoCoMo in 2001

3G’s increased data transfer capabilities (4 times faster than 2G) also led to the rise of new services
such as video conferencing, video streaming and voice over IP (such as Skype). In 2002, the
Blackberry was launched, and many of its powerful features were made possible by 3G connectivity.

The twilight era of 3G saw the launch of the iPhone in 2007, meaning that its network capability was
about to be stretched like never before. 

The overall Evolved HSPA / HSPA+ involved a series of enhancements that improved not only the
data speed, but also reduced latency and gave an overall improvement in performance.

To achieve this enhancements were made to the radio access network as well as backhaul along
with an on-going improvement to the network itself.

4G: The Streaming Era

1gbps
4G was first deployed in Stockholm, Sweden and  Oslo, Norway in 2009 as the Long Term Evolution
(LTE) 4G standard. 4G offers fast mobile web access (up to 1 gigabit per second for stationary
users) which facilitates gaming services, HD videos and HQ video conferencing.

4G is a very different technology as compared to 3G and was made possible practically only
because of the advancements in the technology in the last 10 years. Its purpose is to
provide high speed , high quality and high capacity to users while improving security and lower
the cost of voice and data services, multimedia and internet over IP. Potential and current
applications include , gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D
television, and cloud computing.

The two important 4G standards are WiMAX (has now fizzled out) and LTE (has seen
widespread deployment). LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a series of upgrades to existing
.

5G-100Gbps

 It is a new global wireless standard after 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. 5G
enables a new kind of network.
5G wireless technology is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data
speeds, ultra low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity,
increased availability, and a more uniform user experience to more users.
Higher performance and improved efficiency empower new user experiences
and connects new industries.