X9+TG 2 1995

Financial Services Technical Publication
Developed By Accredited
Standards Committee
X9 - Financial Services
VDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING

I CHECKS
Developed by
Accredited Standards Committee
X9 - Financial Services
PUBLISHED BY
X9 - SECRETARIAT
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION
XS/TG- 2
(1990)
Understanding
and
Designing
Checks
Prepared by the
Check Guidelines Working Group
of the
Accredited Standards Committee X9B
Financial Services - Checks
Developed by the
Accredited Standards Committee on Financial Services, X9,
operating under the procedures of the
American National Standards Institute
Published by the X9 Secretariat, American Bankers Association,

1120 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20036
0 1990 by the American Bankers Association
All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
1990 Printing
Second Printing
Foreword
This Technical Guideline is a product of the Accredited Standards

Committee X9 Financial Services, and was generated by the ASC X9B
Checks Subcommittee.
The guidelines provided in this document are the first effort by the
industry to provide direction for the common location of required data
elements on checks. These guidelines have been published with the
hope that their availability will simplify the check design process and help
to reduce the number of different check designs. Adoption of these
guidelines by the various producers of checks will result in an
improvement of the operational efficiency of the paper document
payment processing system.
In addition to easing some of the stresses currently imposed on the

payment system and the existing microfilm processes, adoption of these
guidelines will help to facilitate the emerging technology associated with
digitized electronic image systems.
The initial thrust of the effort that led to the generation of this Technical
Guideline was directed towards an attempt to produce a Standard that
would identify and codify the data element locations that are typically
used in checks. As this effort progressed, it became apparent that the
check provides many services to the various segments of the payment
system. In addition to defining the transfer of funds, the check is used to
handle bookkeeping requirements, the legal rendering of claims, and the
details of remittances. Some details of the formatting of checks were also
found to be a function of the production processes and the methods
used to complete the check. The processes and methods range from
documents produced by computer-controlled printers to personal
checks that are bound in sets and completed with handwritten entries.
This Technical Guideline attempts to take all of the various factors into
consideration and is the result of a cooperative effort of Bankers, Check
Printers, Equipment Manufacturers, and Paper Suppliers.
The document was created by ASC X9B Working Group 4, which was
chaired by Mr. Dennis Yarian of Mellon Bank.
A special note of appreciation is extended to:
Mr. Glenn K. L. Mulligan, XEROX Corporation

Mr. Ken Spruiell, John H. Harland Co.
Mr. Phillip L. Megna, Chemical Bank, N. A.
Mr. John Bray, NCR Canada, Ltd.
for their extra efforts in bringing this document to print.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) Ill

FOREWORD
The members of the ASC X9B Working Group 4 were:
Dennis Yarian, Chairman
Organization Represented Representative

Chemical Bank, N. A. Phillip L. Megna
IBM Corporation Roy N. VanDenburgh
John H. Hariand Co. Ken Spruiell
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. Chris Dowdell
Mellon Bank Dennis Yatfan
Unisys Corporation Thomas Hayosh
XEROX Corporation Glenn K. L. Mulligan
The members of ASC X9 at the time of approval of this document were:
Robert Kaminski, Chairman Cynthia Fuller, Secretariat

Alice Droogan, Vice Chairman
Jack Easton, Jr., Vice Chairman

American Designer Checks Neal Keenum
American Express Company Eileen Bell
American Bankers Association Robert Buskas
Bank of America John Coombs
Chase Manhatten Bank John P. McKessy
Chemical Bank, N. A. John Youngken
Citibank, N. A. Seymour R. Rosen
Independent Bankers Assn. of America Owen 0. Freeman, Jr.
Continental Bank Joseph Coriaci
Credit Union National Assn. Lot-iWarrens
Deluxe Data Systems, Inc. Honora Norton
EDS Corporation Tod Franklin
Electronic Funds Transfer Association Anne Brown
Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Janet Absher
Huntington National Bank Charles Gearhart
IBM Corporation Daniel Sundberg
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company Paul Mayland
Mastercard International Alice Droogan
Mellon Bank, N. A. David P. Taddeo
M ICRO Card John Taskett
Moore Research Center Delmer H. Oddy
National Security Agency Gerard A. Rainville, Jr.
NCNB Corporation Harold Deal
NCR Corporation A. R. Daniels
New York Clearing House Vincent De Santls
PNC Financial Corp. Jack Easton, Jr.
U. S. League of Savings Institutions 0. Tom Thomas
Unisys Corporation Karl T. Sammons
VISA International Jean McKenna
Wells Fargo Bank Loraine Boland
IV UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

FOREWORD
The members of the ASC X9B Subcommittee at the time of the approval
of this document were:
Roy N. VanDenburgh, Chairman
American Bank Stationery Company Tom Kneeshaw

American Bankers Association
Transaction Processing Committee John Vahey
American Designer Checks Neal Keenum
BancTec, Inc. Thomas Norman
Bank Administration Institute Dannette Niedospial
Bank of America M ike Billings
Bank of New England Paul McKinnon
Bell and Howell Company Paul Friedrich
Boise Cascade Paper Don Graham
Canadian Payments Association G. Patrick Hart
Chase Manhatten Bank Helene Kontonis
Check Technology Corporation Glenn Heiller
Checkmate Electronics, Inc. Albert Weller
Chemical Bank, N. A. Phillip L. Megna
Continental Bank John Driscoll
Credit Union National Association (CUNA) Steve Hall
Deluxe Corporation James Gallup
Federal Reserve Bank Fred Herr
First interstate Bank Mark Davis
IBM Corporation Roy N. VanDenburgh
Interchecks, Inc. Greg Sletager
Manufacturers Hanover Trust Co. Chris Dowdell
McBee Systems James Bennett
Mellon Bank Dennis Yarian
Moore Research Center Delmer Oddy
National One-Write Systems Alan White
NCR Canada, Ltd. Dan Lepic
PNC Financial Corp. Walter Leszczynski
Safeguard Business Systems lngomar Koch
Security Pacific Automation Co. B. Jean Christy
Standard Register Company John Kane
Travelers Express Company, Inc. Gerald Heyen
Troy Corporation William Waddell
UARCO, Inc. Jack Billimack
Unisys Corporation Thomas Hayosh
VISA International Murdoch Henretty
Wells Fargo Bank James Sullivan
Production facilities for the generation of the document were provided

through the courtesy of Merlin Associates, Brea, California.
The lists of Principal members for X9 and X9B were provided by the
Secretariat, and are based on the status as of January 1990.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990) V

FOREWORD
(This page has been left blank.)
VI UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

Table of Contents
Contents
Page
1.0 Introduction l-l

1.1 Scope and Purpose l-l
1.2 Application l-l
2.0 References 2-l
3.0 General 3-l

3.1 Basic Design Criteria 3-l
3.2 Common Problems with Checks 3-5
3.2.1 Check Preparation 3-5
3.2.2 Check Design and Preparation Fautts 3-9
3.2.3 Check Handling Problems 3-l 0
3.3 The E13-B MICR Font 3-l 1
4.0 Definitions 4-l
5.0 Design Principles 5-l

5.1 General 5-l
5.2 Paper 5-l
5.3 Check Size 5-l
5.4 MICR Clear Band 5-2
5.5 MICR Encoding Strip
5.6 MICR Encoding ;:;
6.0 Data Elements 6-l

6.1 General 6-l
6.2 Date 6-3
6.3 Amount 6-4
6.3.1 Convenience Amount 6-4
6.3.2 Legal Amount 6-5
6.3.3 Check Protector Printing 6-6
6.4 Payee Area 6-7
6.5 Signature Area 6-9
6.6 Drawee Institution Name 6-l 0
6.7 Account Title 6-l 1
6.8 Memo/For Line 6-l 2
6.9 Check Serial Number 6-13
6.10 Fractional Routing Number 6-l 4
6.11 MICR Line 6-15
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990) VII

TABLE OF CONTENTS
6.12 Decorations 6-18

6.12.1 General 6-18
6.12.2 Fixed Decorations 6-18
6.12.3 Variable Decorations 6-19
6.12.4 Borders 6-19
6.125 Printing Considerations for Background
Patterns and Scenic Decorations 6-19
6.13 Preprinted Data 6-20
6.14 Security Features 6-20
6.14.1 Copying and Counterfeiting Checks 6-20
6.14.2 Altering Checks 6-20
6.15 The Back of the Check 6-21
6.15.1 General 6-21
6.152 Areas of Endorsement 6-21
6.15.3 Endorsement Targets 6-21
6.15.4 Legibility Considerations
of Endorsements 6-21
6.16 Bank Specification Form 6-23
7.0 Personal Check 7-l

7.1 General 7-l
7.2 Standard Features 7-1
7.2.1 Date Line
7.2.2 Payee Line 5::
7.2.3 Convenience Amount Area 7-1
7.2.4 Legal Amount Line 7-l
7.2.5 Signature Line 7-2
7.2.6 Customer Information 7-2
7.2.7 Memo/For Line 7-2
8. Business Check
8.1 General ;::
8.2 Standard Features
8.2.1 Locations for date Field ;::
8.2.2 Signature Lines 8-l
6.2.3 Payee Area
8.2.4 Amount Field i:;
8.3 Variable Features
8.3.1 Check Serial Number ;:;
8.3.2 Memo/Remit To Data 8-3
8.3.3 Account Title 8-3
8.3.4 Signature Area 8-3
9. Acceptable Variations 9-1

9.1 General 9-1
9.2 80Column Tab Card Checks 9-1
9.3 Checks for Window Envelopes 9-3
9.4 Pre-Authorized Checks or Drafts 9-5
9.5 One-Write Checks 9-5
9.5.1 General 9-5
9.5.2 One-Write Checks with a Center Panel 9-6
9.5.3 One-Write Checks without a Center Panel 9-6
9.5.4 Carbon Band Dimensions 9-6
9.5.5 Carbon Band Placement 9-6
VIII UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.6 insurance Claim Style 9-8

9.7 Cashiers and Tellers Check 9-9
9.8 Travelers Cheques 9-l 1
9.8.1 General 9-l 1
9.8.2 Standard Options 9-l 1
9.9 Rebate Checks 9-l 2
9.9.1 General 9-12
9.9.2 inherent Problems 9-12
10. Computer Check Printing 10-l

10.1 General 10-l
10.2 Forms 10-l
10.2.1 Preprinted Check Forms 10-l
10.2.2 User-Printed Check Forms 10-l
10.2.3 Suitability of Paper Stock 10-2
10.2.4 Finishing 1 o-2
10.3 Check Printing Software 1 o-2
10.3.1 Vendor Supplied Software 1 o-2
10.3.2 User Generated Software 10-3
10.4 Check Printing Hardware 1 o-3
10.4.1 Impact Printing Systems 1 o-3
10.4.2 Non-Impact Printing Systems 1 o-3
Appendix A Production Processes
Al Printing Methods A-l

Al -1 General A-l
Al .2 Letterpress A-l
Al .3 Offset Lithography A-2
Al .4 Ribbon Encoding A-2
Al 5 Non-Impact A-2
A2 Cutting A-4
A2.1 Tolerance A-4
A2.2 Methods A-4
A2.2.1 Guillotine A-4
A2.2.2 Slitting A-5
A2.2.3 Sheeting A-5
A3 Perforations A-6
A3.1 Objectives
A3.2 Reference Edges - Aligning / Leading ;::
A3.3 Methods A-6
A3.3.1 Wheels A-6
A3.3.2 Blades A-6
A3.3.3 Press vs. Collator vs. Offline A-7
A3.4 Paper and Strength Considerations A-8
A4 Font Considerations A-9

A4.1 Fonts and Appearance A-9
A4.2 Non-Impact Printing Systems A-9
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) IX

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figures
Page
3-l Confusion vs. Organization 3-1

3-2 Legibility Impact of Patterned Backgrounds 3-2
3-3 Payee Endorsement Area 3-4
3-4 How to Fill In the Convenience Amount 3-5
3-5 Neatness Counts 3-6
3-6 Legal Amount Field Structures 3-6
3-7 Machine and Format Problems 3-a
3-a E13-B M ICR Font Characters 3-l 1
6-1 Simplified Check Structure 6-2

6-2 Check Area Identification 6-2
Date Area Location 6-3
;:; Convenience Amount Field Location 6-4
6-5 Convenience Amount Field Structure 6-5
6-6 Legal Amount Field Location 6-6
6-7 Payee Area Location 6-7
6-8 Payee Area Limits 6-8
6-9 Signature Area Location 6-9
6-10 Drawee Institution Area Location 6-10
6-11 Account Title Location 6-11
6-l 2 Memo/For Line Location 6-l 2
6-13 Check Serial Number Location 6-13
6-14 Fractional Routing Number Location 6-14
6-15 M ICR tine Location 6-15
6-16 Extended Encoding Strip 6-l 6
6-17 Required Structures - Routing and Amount Fields 6-17
6-18 Endorsement Areas for a Standard Personal Check 6-22
6-19 Endorsement Areas for a Standard Business Check 6-22
6-20 Sample Bank Specification Form 6-23
a-i Typical Voucher-style Business Check a-4

a-2 Typical Business Check With Memo/Remit Data a-5
a-3 Typical Voucher Check With Removable Statement 8-6
9-1 80-Column Tab Card Check 9-2

9-2 Window Check Example 9-4
9-3 One-Write Check With Center Panel 9-7
9-4 Endorsement Legend Area 9-a
9-5 Cashiers or Travelers Check Drawee Institution Location 9-9
9-6 Typical Cashiers Check 9-l 0
A-l Commercial Printing Method Characteristics A-3
X UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
-
Information Matrix
The following table provides a “direct-entry” reference to the supporting
information areas within this document. Although the various types of
checks have their main reference sections, additional information may be
found in the sections noted as Basic, Specific, or Helpful.
Basic fundamental considerations that relate to the

functional aspects of the check.
Specific supplementary information for the given type of check.
Helpful overview considerations that will be important in the

design or use of the given type of check.
I I I
Type of Check Basic Specific Helpful
(Main Reference)
Personal Check 3 6.1 6.12
I
Business Check E 6.1 6.12
(8.01 6.5 6.13
6.8 6.14
6.9 Al.1
8 A4.1
80-Column Tab Card Check 3 6.1 6.13
(9.2) 5 6.3
6.11
Checks for Window Envelopes : 6.3.1 6.13
19.3) 6.5
. , I 1 6.7 I
Pre-Authorized Checks or Drafts 1 3 1 6.11 1 Al.0
(9.4) 5 6.13
One-Write Checks 6.13 Al.0
(9.5) ; 6.15
Insurance Claim Style Check 3.2.2 f Al .O
(9.6) ;
Cashiers and Tellers Check 3 6.3.3
(9.7) 5 6.6
6.7
Travelers Check 3 6.12.4
(9.8) I 5 I I
Rebate Check I 3 1 6.9 1 Al.0
(9.9) 5
Computer Check 6.13
(10.0) :
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) XI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
XII UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

1. Introduction
1.1 ScoDe and Purpose

This book presents guidelines for the design of a check and describes
the proper location of the data elements on the check. Certain elements
of check design are recommended by American National Standards
institute (ANSI) standards and are required of all U.S. checks. This book
gives references, where appropriate, to such standards. Other elements
of check design are optional, and the appropriate choice depends on a
user’s specific needs. It is, however, hoped that the use of the
guidelines in this book will result in greater uniformity in the design of
checks, which will improve processing and handling throughout the
check processing system.
This goal will, in part, be achieved by encouraging widespread
distribution of these guidelines throughout the population of check
designers and suppliers, as well as to financial institutions and commercial
check users. Although these guidelines are not as restrictive as a
standard, they do provide suggestions on how to achieve a functional
check format within the bounds of the existing standards.
All guidelines described in this book are compatible with the existing
check standards, and should be used to supplement the standards, not
to replace them. Certain guidelines may make recommendations that are
outside the scope of current standards. Check designers should always,
therefore, refer to the details contained in the standards to ensure proper
design and control of the format of the check.
1.2 Atxdication
Because of the large variety of check formats, these guidelines may not
cover every possible check design requirement. However, those checks
produced in significant volume will be discussed in Section 7, general
personal check; Section 8, general business check; and Section 9,
acceptable check variations. Although the primary users of these
guidelines are expected to be the designers and printers of checks,
other interested parties will include developers of business software that
may control the printing of finished checks for applications such as
accounts payable or payroll.
This document may also serve as a source book for educators and
publishers to aid in teaching students the proper writing and uses of a
check.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) 1 -1

1-2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990)

2. References
The standards shown in this section apply to the design, production, and
use of checks within the United States of America. The Accredited
Standards Committee X9 Financial Services is charged with the
responsibility for establishing and maintaining guidelines and standards
for the Financial Industry. These guidelines and standards are then
approved and published by the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI). When the standards referred to in this document have been
superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards
Institute, the revisions shall apply. The applicable standards and
revisions at the time of publication of this book are:
Specifications for Check Endorsements - ANSI X9.3 (1989).
Specifications for Bank Check Background and Convenience

Amount Field - ANSI X9.7 (1988).
Specifications for Placement and Location of MICR Printing - ANSI

X9.13 (1989)
Paper Specifications for Checks - ANSI X9.18 (1986).
Print Specifications for Magnetic Ink Character Recognition - ANSI

X9.27 (1988).
Within the text of this book, specifications are shown as, for example,
“ANSI Standard X9.27.“
The various ANSI Standards for checks may be ordered from:
American Bankers Association

Customer Service Center
P. 0. Box 630544
Baltimore, MD 21263-0544
The X9 Secretariat office may be reached at 202-6636284.

REFERENCES

3. General
3.1 Basic Check Design Criteria

For a check to be of any real value to anyone, it must be designed so that
people who handle it can easily enter and extract the necessary
information. If the design is done properly, it should take little more than a
glance to isolate the desired data element locations. If the design or
layout is complicated, either the depositor or a bank employee may make
an error in attempting to transcribe the data. The correction of errors,
regardless of the reason for the error, causes a substantial increase in the
cost of check processing.
As illustrated in Figure 3-1, poor layout can produce a confused situation

that is very difficult to unravel, while a modest amount of planning can
make it easy to find the important data.
Confusion = Problem Source Organization = Easy to Read
Confusion vs. Organization
Because the primary item of importance on the check is its amount, the
check must be designed so that the other data elements do not obscure
the contents of the amount field(s). A properly designed check contains
both a legal amount field and a convenience amount field. Within these
fields, the legal amount is written in words with a fraction for the cents,
and the convenience amount is written in numbers with a decimal point
separating the cents from the full dollar amount. It is allowable to design a

GENERAL
check written with just one amount field, but such a check is subject to
misinterpretation of the value of the single field.
ANSI Standard X9.7 specifies a structure and location for the

convenience amount field. This field has been designed to allow
automated equipment to handle check proofing and amount encoding.
When this standard is fully adopted by commercial check users, it will be
possible to speed the in-clearing process and to reduce check
processing costs.
Signatures provide authorization for funds to be paid; therefore, the

check should be designed so that the signature area is easily located and
its contents easily identified. The recommended position for the
signature area is in the lower right comer of the check, above the MICR
clear band. This area should be free of any other printing which could
interfere with the legibility of the maker’s signature.
During the processing of the check, signature information may have to be

visually examined on the original document or from a microfilm or an
electronically scanned image. The basic requirement is, therefore, that
the signature be darker (have a lower reflectance) than the background of
the check. Extravagant use of scenery on the check or a heavily
patterned background may make it difficult or impossible to distinguish
between the signature and the background, particularly when viewing a
microfilm or electronic image of the document.
Obscured = Unwise Choice Legible = Wise Choice
Figure 3-2 Legibility Impact of Patterned Backgrounds
As shown in Figure 3-2, an unwise choice of a background pattern can

result in a signature that cannot be easily verified. With the signature
obscured to this degree, the liability for a questioned document could,
quite possibly, rest with the party that selected the background.
The use of scenery or heavily patterned backgrounds can cause a data

separation problem unless the scene or the patterns are soft and muted
(high reflectance with gradual contrast change) and printed in colors that
are different than the common colors of ink pens, ball point pens, and the
ink or ribbons used by computer printers.
3-2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

GENERAL
The back of the check is intended to contain the endorsements of the

various handlers of the document as it makes its way through the check
processing system. The first endorsement is the signature or deposit
stamp of the recipient of the check (the payee). As the check is
processed, one or more machine-generated endorsements may be
applied by the different financial institutions that process the check.
It is essential to be able to identify the institution of first deposit of a check

because, in the event of a problem (e.g., insufficient funds, forged
signature) the check must be returned to that institution. Check handling
procedures are therefore designed to m inimize the possibility that this
institution’s stamped or ink-jet endorsement wifi be obscured.
One way to ensure that the institution of first deposit’s endorsement will
remain visible is to encourage the payee to endorse the check in a
specific area. Suppliers of checks are encouraged to promote
endorsement area designators or targets on business and government
check designs that will place the payee endorsement in the correct
location. The payee endorsement area is defined to be the space
starting 1.5 (1 l/2) inches from the trailing edge of the check and
extending to the trailing edge. The area extends from the bottom
(aligning edge) of the check to the top of the check. The position and
content of each endorsement are specified in ANSI Standard X9.3.
The payee endorsement area is shown schematically in Figure 3-3. If an

area designator or target is provided, the printing should not obscure the
endorsement.
It should always be remembered that the principal function of the check is

to serve as the method of conveying a payment, and anything that
compromises that function should be discouraged. Neatness and
accuracy count and may be vital in ensuring that proper payment is made
to the proper party.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) 3-3

payee
c endyfyt 4
Aligning Edge (bottom of the face of the check)
P I
5
‘ii I
zi¶ I
a
MEW OF BACK OF CHECK
Figure 3-3 Payee Endorsement Area
3 - 4 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

3.2 Common Problems with Checks
3.2.1 Check Preparation

No matter how carefully a check is designed, carelessness in filling in the
check can result in a document that may easily be misprocessed. A
frequent source of problems is the choice of ink used to write the check.
The check should be written with a dark ink so that the data can be easily
identified. To get the best contrast, one should use a pen with a black or
blue-black color. Erasable inks and pencils can be altered and, therefore,
should never be used for checks. If the check is filled in on a typewriter,
one should not use a machine that has a “correctable” ribbon.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~~
NOT LEFT JUSTIFIED IN BOX
.....~~,.“”
.....y2
..,_,,‘f*~~p&Cjf**j.$$g
::<:$:::<.:+:+>*>,
ii,.,,,
7.T.ye**
j2
$!$$&cl73 a
.A. :::<
1.
..‘.‘..A . . ..>i....
. . . . .. . A....
:.:<.:-:.:.A.......<
. . ,. .. .. ... .... ..<,,‘
. .. . ..A.
e.......&y ..,
.. . . . ..s..*+&&&&&&&~
. . ., . , \ m ,:c>v . “&&..a
3::
INCONSISTENT SIZE
OUTSIDE OF BOX
FRACTIONAL NOTATION
The Wrong Ways The Right Way
Figure 3-4 How to Fill In the Convenience Amount
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNJNG CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) 3-5

As shown in Figure 3-4, there is a right way and several wrong ways to fill
in the convenience amount field. The cents portion of the amount
should be shown with a decimal point followed by two normal-sized
numerals. One should not use a cents fraction or any other unusual
structure.
As illustrated in Figure 3-5, neatness counts when writing a check. The

characters should be fully formed, not too small, and not too light. It
doesn’t take too much imagination to see how the scrawl shown on the
left could be converted to a “five” or a “forty,” instead of the intended
value of “four.”
-The Wrong Way The Right Way
Figure 3-5 Neatness Counts

. /
c Y
Reasonable Field Structures
ONE THOUSAND AND TWENTY-SEVEN AND 37/100
ONE HUNDRED FIFTY-SIX AND OO/lOO
Questionable Field Structures (open to misinterpretation or alteration)
ONE - TWO - THREE AND 45/100
FORTY TWO - AND 19
Figure 3-6 Legal Amount Field Structures
. /
3 - 6 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990)

GENERAL
Although it is important to fill in the Convenience Amount so that it can be

easily interpreted, it is also important to enter the Legal Amount in a clear
manner. Both of these fields must indicate the same value. If there is any
question about interpretation of the digits in the Convenience Amount,
the Legal Amount is the field that will determine the intended value of the
check. As indicated in Figure 3-6, the field should contain a clear
statement of the value, and it should be entered at the far left of the line
provided (left-justified). Any unused space to the right of the Legal
Amount should be filled in with a line to inhibit alteration of the field.
Even with all of the problems that could exist with a hand-written check,
there is the normal expectation that all of the data elements will be
properly positioned since most hand-written checks are personal checks,
and the forms are generally produced by a printer who is familiar with the
current check standards.
For those checks that are machine printed (line printer, dot-matrix printer,
or non-impact printer), additional problems can be introduced by both the
equipment and the user. Some frequent problems occur in the following
categories:
a) Improper cents format in the convenience amount area (i.e., the

use of the word “and” between the dollar and cents, or a fraction
for the cents).
b) Using an excessive number of asterisks or other distinctive

character before or after the actual amount.
cl Not printing a dollar sign or not using pre-printed dollar signs

immediately to the left of the convenience amount.
‘4 Printing checks on line printers that are out of adjustment so that

sides or tops and bottoms of characters are not visible.
e) Using ribbons that are worn out or of a low contrast color that will
cause very light printing. It is recommended that black ink be
used in any machine printing.
f) Using check printing software that places data elements in an

unconventional location that is inconsistent with these
guidelines.
9) Using a character font that is of an unusual size (too small or too

large), of an unusual type (“white on black”), or excessively
ornate (script).
Figure 3-7 presents a graphic illustration of some problems that could

occur with machine-printed checks and common problems that occur in
the formatting of the Convenience Amount.
UNDERSTAiJDJNG AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) 3 - 7

F 1
PRxt%TER z!?KHHmN
EAD ADJUSIMENT
BAD ADJTJSU~ENT
$******21.97**** Iiz2E.E
USING
$+bt+42AND33 l PNY
FRACTICNAL
$+k%23.52/100 NOTATION
NODOLLAR
++59.63 SIGN
Figure 3-7 Machine and Format Problems
L I
3-8 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1999)

GENERAL
3.2.2 Check Design and Preparation Faults

In general, errors in the design of a check are the result of forgetting the
purpose of a check. The principal function of a check is to serve as a
method of conveying a payment. Some check designers tend to over-
embellish checks in the process of conveying a corporate or personal
image; others tend to augment the required data with too many details of
the transaction. When carried to excess, the result can be a disaster.
As shown in the following, many check design and preparation faults

result in slower and more costly processing:
a) Non-Amount Numbers Located Where an Amount is Expected
The Convenience Amount of the check should be clearly visible,

and preceded by a pre-printed (or machine printed) dollar sign.
Other numbers, such as accounting details or employee
numbers, that appear at the right end of the check may be
interpreted as being the check amount. The best place for
printing the amount is in the area specified by ANSI Standard
x9.7.
Other numbers, if required by the application, should be printed

on a removable stub or in an area that is not near the expected
location of the Convenience Amount field.
b) Excessive Use of Advertising or Other Extraneous Material
Covering the face or back of a check with advertising matter,

pictures, or other unnecessary information can make it difficult to
locate needed information. While the judicious use of some
advertising material may be appropriate on a check, it should be
remembered that the principal function of a check is to serve as a
means of payment. The check cannot fulfill this role efficiently
unless the amount payable and other data elements are
sufficiently clear to permit rapid and accurate processing.
c) Use of Scenic Checks that Obscure Data Elements
Although the concept of a scenic check is acceptable, a problem

arises if the pattern obscures the data. Problems occur when the
scenes are too busy or repetitive, contain large contrast
changes, or are printed with inks that have low reflectivity
(relatively darker color). As a general guideline, the background
pattern or scene should have a reflectance of 60% or greater
(i.e., it should be fairly light). As long as the pattern is light and
the data is dark, it should be possible for check processors (both
people and machines) to separate the data from the background.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) 3-9

d) Insufficient Free Space for Data Elements
Some checks are so taken up with accounting data, advertising,

and other irrelevant material that there isn’t enough room for the
essential information. The essential items are the date, the name
of the payee, the amount to be paid, and the maker’s signature.
If these items cannot be clearly placed on the check, the

intentions of the check writer may be hindered. The proper
approach to the design of a check is to place the required
information in the expected locations. If there is not enough
room for non-critical information, then it should be placed on a
removable stub or completely eliminated.
e) Unconventional Check Format, Misplaced Data Elements
The use of any format that places the date where an amount is
expected or places the convenience amount in the central
portion of the check is considered unconventional and should
be discouraged. These unconventional formats slow the
processing of checks and contribute to human error.
f) Use of Checks Containing Restrictive Legends
Legends that place unusual burdens on banks (i.e “void after 30

days” or “not to exceed 500 dollars”) in determining the propriety
of making payment should be avoided. In general, these
legends serve no useful purpose. The primary reason for
including these legends is an attempt to transfer “policing”
functions from the issuer to the bank. The result of such
restrictions is that the institution of first deposit, or the drawee
institution, or both, must spend time examining and approving
each such item, rather than run the risk of incurring liability.
3.2.3 Check Handling Problems

Even if a check is properly designed and prepared, subsequent
mishandling by the preparer or the payee may cause rejects to occur.
Rejects can slow the processing, collection, and paying functions and
can increase the cost of these operations. Some common handling
problems are caused by the folding and creasing of a check. Folding a
check can cause a crease to occur directly through a MICR character,
which often will not completely flatten when it is run through
reader/sorters.
Check handling problems are also caused by the check writer who
staples the check to a payment stub or letter. When the check is
received and deposited, the check may either be torn and damaged, or it
may still contain the staple. Either of these conditions can cause a reject
or a processing jam (which may result in further mutilation of the check).
3 - 10 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

GENERAL
3.3 The E13-B MICR Font

Although most check users, including many check designers, utilize the
services of printers who provide special equipment that handles the task
of imprinting the MICR line, the check user should be familiar with the
basic structure and content of the MICR portion of the document.
The font that is used to encode the MICR line is the E13-B font. The
detail structure of this font is provided in ANSI Standard X9.27, and the
details of the required placement on a document are provided in ANSI
Standard X9.13. A portion of the details of the field structures and their
placement is shown in Section 6.11 of this document. As shown in
Figure 3-8, the font consists of the ten digits, zero to nine, and four
symbols, which are used to control the interpretation of the MICR line.
The Amount symbol is used to bracket the amount field. This symbol, as
well as the contents of the field, is normally applied to the check during its
processing by the financial institutions. The Dash symbol is used as a
separator, characteristically in the On-Us field. The On-Us symbol is used
as a delimiter in the On-Us field and to bracket the Auxiliary On-Us field.
The Transit symbol is used to bracket the contents of the Routing field.
It should be noted that the characters shown in Figure 3-8 are over-sized
representations of the actual characters, and they are shown only to aid in
the recognition of the details of the characters. In order to achieve the
proper performance during check processing, the font that is used must
meet the specifications established in ANSI Standard X9.27.
/ .
0 digit 0 5 digit 5
i digit 1 6 digit 6
2 digit 2 7 digit 7
3 digit 3 B digit 8
z digit 4 9 digit 9
1” amount symbol II’ on-us symbol

a11 dash symbol c transit symbol
Figure 3-8 E13-B MICR Font Characters

\ /
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) 3 - 11

GENERAL

4. Definitions
Aligning Edge
The lower edge of the check when its face is viewed.
Background
The basic color of a document, separate from lines and information
printed on it.
Cashiers Check
A check provided to a customer of a bank or acquired from the bank
f6r remittance purposes. The check is drawn on a bank and signed
by a bank officer or employee on behalf of the bank as drawer and is a
direct obligation of the bank.
Check
Any payment document written against an account maintained by a
financial institution for the transfer of a dollar amount from one party to
another The term includes variable-amount payment documents,
such as personal checks, business checks, government checks, and
drafts in paper form, issued by a financial institution, directing the
payment of a fixed sum of money to a third party.
Continuous Form Check

Checks manufactured by a method that results in many checks joined
together for automatic feeding and printing in data processing
printers.
Convenience Amount
The value of the check expressed in numbers.
Debossment
Printing that results in the characters being pressed into the paper.
Excessive debossment can be a serious problem when it occurs in
the printing of the MICF?line.
Embossment
Printing that is raised above the surface of the paper; sometimes
improperly used in place of “debossment.”
External Processing Code Field (EPC Field)

A single-digit optional field, used for special purposes as authorized
by the Accredited Standards Committee X9B, located to the left of
the routing field on a check.
Halftone Printing
A printing process that prints one or more basic colors in discrete
patterns of dots. The human eye perceives the combination of the
basic colors in the dots as a mixture or hue. In the case of a single
color, the human eye perceives a lighter shade of the basic printed
color.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990) 4 -1

DEFINITIONS
lntaglio Printing
A printing process that results in the paper surface being distorted
into two or more different levels. This technique is generally used as
a part of an anti-forgery process with travelers cheques.
Leading Edge
The right edge of a check when its face is viewed.
Legal Amount
The value of the check expressed in text. If this value differs from
that shown in the Convenience Amount, the Legal Amount value will
prevail.
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Characters used to print or encode information on documents so
they can be processed by machines. For details, see ANSI Standard
x9.27.
M ICR Clear Band

A band 0.625 (5/8) inch high, measured from the aligning edge of a
check, parallel to that edge and extending the length of the check,
reserved for the imprinting of M ICR characters. These characters are
printed on the face of the check. The M ICR Clear Band must,
however, be free of any other magnetic printing on both the front and
the back of the check.
Money Order
An order issued by a post office, financial institution, telegraph office,
or other agency for payment of a specified sum of money, usually at
another office. Two types of money orders exist. The first type is a
product marketed by firms under the strict security rules of a franchise
agreement with their outlets. The second type is sold by individual
institutions and the Post Office as a convenience to their customers.
Payee Line
The line on checks that provides for the entry of the name of the
party to whom the check is being paid.
Payment Document
Any paper document that is used to transfer funds from one party to
another.
Print Contrast Signal (PCS)

A ratio of the difference of the reflectivity of the background and data
to the reflectivity of the check background (see ANSI Standard X9.7
for more detailed information).
Printed Information
Lines or other information printed on a payment document to convey
the informational content of the document and not considered to be
part of the background color.

DEFINITIONS
Reflectance
The relative brightness of an illuminated paper surface as seen by the
human eye. The eye modifies the apparent brightness at different
wave lengths according to its response to the human-visible
spectrum. Equipment that measures reflectance requires a filter that
matches its response to that of the human eye (see ANSI Standard
x9.7 ).
Routing Number
A numbering system that identifies a particular bank.
Scenic Check
A type of check that portrays a scene or colorful pattern.
Solid Prfnting
A printing process that applies a single solid color to a piece of paper.
The color seen by the eye will be the ink color. It can be likened to
paint applied to a surface.
Tellers Check
A check provided to a customer of a bank or acquired from the bank
for remittance purposes. The check is drawn by the bank on another
bank or payable through or at a bank.
Trailing Edge
The left edge of the check when its face is viewed.
Travelers Cheque
A check for a fixed amount in a given currency, issued by a bank or
financially-oriented company, and sold to the public through an
agency of that bank or company. The check is designed with a high
level of physical security (through the use of patterns, shades, and
intaglio printing), and the identity of the original purchaser is self-
certified by the matching of a counter-signature with a signature
applied at time of purchase.

DEFINITIONS

5. Design Principles
5.1 General
So many items of information may be placed in so many different ways on
checks that it is impossible to establish precise criteria for check design.
In this book, the check format and design process is expressed in terms
of macro- and micro-principles, supplemented by definitive standards.
This section deals with the macro-principles of the format: paper, check
size, clear band, MICR encoding strip, and MICR encoding. Micro-
principles covering individual data elements, acceptable check variations,
and other check characteristics are covered in subsequent sections.
5.2 Paoer
Grades of paper commonly used for preparation of check documents

include bond, forms paper, carbonless paper, various safety papers,
special check papers, and tabulating cardstock. Any material used must
meet the criteria specified in ANSI Standard X9.18. This ANSI document
covers specific paper physical requirements (i.e., basis weight, grain
direction, smoothness, etc.), test methods, and general guidelines. The
ideal paper for check production is 24 lb “MICR bond.” The grain
direction may be either in the long or short direction of the check. The
minimum paper basis weight is 20 lb, but then the documents should
only be grain long.
Although a specific grain direction is not required for 24 lb stock, a choice

of grain long documents should be considered to minimize document
damage during the mechanical processing steps, particularly for
documents that are larger than minimum size.
5.3 Check Size
The maximum length and height dimensions of a check are 8.750 (8 3/4)
x 3.667 (3 2/3) inches. The minimum length and height dimensions are
6.000 x 2.750 (2 3/4) inches. In general, document dimensions are
subject to a final printing and cutting tolerance of plus or minus 0.0625
(l/16) inches. This tolerance, however, does not apply to the trailing
edge of the document, where dimensions are expressed as a required
minimum. These dimensions apply to checks involved in interbank
transactions. They do not apply to carrier envelopes or appended repair
strips.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) 5 -1

DESIGN PRINCIPLES
5.4 MICR Clear Band
Refer to the definition in Section 4. Magnetic ink printing in this area is

limited to the magnetic ink characters. Additionally, although borders are
permitted, all other non-magnetic ink printing should be kept out of this
area.
5.5 MICR Encoding Strip
Checks must be encoded in the MICR encoding strip as specified in ANSI

Standard X9.13. This ANSI standard specifies all required dimensions
and tolerances for the location of the MICR characters, and provides
illustrations of the required structure of this information.
5.6 MICR Encoding
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) is the machine readable

method that enables the automatic handling of checks within the check
processing system. Specific MICR font and magnetic ink printing
requirements are detailed in ANSI Standard X9.27.
Although it may seem obvious, it is important to stress that MICR

encoding must be done with a magnetic material. The magnetic
properties of the printing are of critical importance to the proper function
of the recognition process. It is also critically important that the only
magnetic printing permitted in the MICR Encoding Strip be that
associated with the MICR characters.
5-2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

6. Data Elements
General
The data that appears on the face of either a personal or business check
is necessary for the proper processing of the check by the banking
industry. Some of the data elements are required, in the sense that they
are part of the definition of a negotiable instrument, and others are
present for the convenience of the check writer (for record keeping
purposes or identification). Those data elements required to be on a
check are :
Date
Amount
Payee
Signature
Drawee Institution
These data elements, appearing on any type of material, are all that are
really necessary to fulfill the basic purpose of a negotiable instrument,
which is to transfer a specific amount, on a specific date, to a specific
person. The transfer is authorized on the maker’s order as manifested by
the genuine and authorized signature of the maker. As has been noted,
the importance of these data elements is such that they should never be
placed on the document in a manner that would make it difficult or
confusing to identify or verify their contents.
Other data elements may, and do, appear on the face of a check in order
to allow them to move swiftly through the banking industry, and to
provide additional information for the maker. Those elements are:
Legal Amount
Account Title
Memo/For Line
Check Number
Routing Number
MICR tine
A bank may require that the design of the check document be submitted
for approval. Items that would require approval would obviously include
the MICR line structure, but approval might also be required for the
general design of the document, including titles on signatures.

DATA ELEMENTS
Figure 6-l shows a simplified check structure to illustrate normal data

element placement on the face of a check. Figure 6-2 shows the same
check with an overlaid sectioning that identifies the various locations of
data elements. The overlaid version of the check reappears throughout
this section, with the various areas highlighted as they are described in
greater detail. Note that the simplified check structure is reduced in size
and is used only to provide relative area placement information.
Figure 6-l Simplified Check Structure

.
and Memo/For Area
MICR Clear Band - and - MICR Line
Figure 6-2 Check Area Identification

L I

DATA ELEM EN=
6.2 Date
The date is a required data element on the check, and is needed to
satisfy the definition of a negotiable instrument. The date is written by
the maker and represents the day on or after which the transfer of the
amount of the check may take place. Printers of personal or business
checks should provide a designated field for the maker to enter the date.
As shown in Figure 6-3, space should be provided in the upper right
corner of the check. It should be positioned such that it does not
interfere with the Convenience Amount area of the check. The common
format for writing the date is Month, Day and Year, such as January 29,
1989. However, the military format of 29 January 1989 or an all numeric
format such as l/29/89 is also acceptable and frequently seen.
AccountWe Area
MICRClearBand - and - MICR Line
Figure 6-3 Date Area Location

. d

DATA ELEMENTS
6.3 Amount
The amount of the check is also required for negotiation, as this is the
value which will pass from the account of the maker to the account of the
payee. In order to be certain of the amount, and to prevent its
unauthorized alteration, it is strongly recommended that the amount
appear twice on the check. The appearance of the amount in numbers is
referred to as the Convenience Amount, and the appearance of the
amount as text is referred to as the Legal Amount.
6.3.1 Convenience Amount

ANSI Standard X9.7 specifies the location of the convenience amount for
all styles of checks. The basic location is illustrated in Figure 6-4. The
area may be highlighted by the use of preprinted boxes and dollar signs.
Pre-printed dollar signs should be of the size and contrast indicated in
ANSI Standard X9.7. The pre-printed box provides a target for the writer
of the check, and the dollar sign provides a target for automated scanning
and reading equipment. To prevent alteration of the amount it should be
left justified in the preprinted box. The first number should be placed
adjacent to the left vertical line of the rectangular box, with the remaining
numbers being normally spaced to the right. The dollars and cents in the
amount should be separated by a decimal point, with the cents field of
normal character size.
Account Tile Area
Payee and Legal Amount Area
f MICR Clear Band - and - MICR Line :j::

:jj
fj!
5.- . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . \_.,\__. ., 3
~~~~~~:~~::~~i~~~~.:~.:~.~::~~~.:~~~.~~~~~.:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~;~~.~.~~~~~~~~~~~.~~~:~.~~~;~~.~~,~~j~~~j~~~~;~~.~~~~~~~~;~
Figure 6-4 Convenience Amount Field Location

DATA ELEMENTS
The Convenience Amount box must be a low-contrast element, as

shown in the schematic illustration of Figure 6-5, since it is intended only
to provide visual guidance. When machine scanned, the outline box
should not be visible. ANSI Standard X9.7 provides the details of the
acceptable design variations for the Convenience Amount rectangle.
Although many check writers use a fractional notation for the cents
portion of the Convenience Amount (e.g., 60/100 or 6O/xx), this format
should not be used because it can cause confusion in interpreting the
value. Checks prepared with automated printing equipment use leading
symbols such as asterisks to “protect” the dollar amount against alteration
(e.g., “$~~~123.60”). It is recommended that no more than 3 of these
protective symbols be used to permit rapid readability of the convenience
amount.
High Contrast = Wrong Way Low Contrast = Right Way
Figure 6-5 Convenience Amount Field Structure
6.3.2 Legal Amount

The Legal Amount is written or printed out in words rather than in
numbers. The area provided for the legal amount on the check is
normally located to the left of the convenience amount, but may be
above or below it. Figure 6-6 illustrates the location of this field. On
personal style checks, the right-side of the Legal Amount generally ends
in the area below the Convenience Amount; on business checks, the
right-side of the Legal Amount may be above, or to the left of, the
Convenience Amount.
The maker of the check should use the entire width of the Legal Amount
area to record the amount so that alteration of the amount is difficult or, if
done, can be easily detected. The amount should be entered starting at
the far left of the line with the words placed immediately adjacent to each
other. The cents in the amount need not be written out but should be
placed immediately to the right of the dollar amount, followed by a line
extending to the preprinted word “Dollars.” The line is used as a space-
filler to inhibit alteration of the amount. An example of the proper entry of
the Legal Amount is as follows:
One Hundred Twenty-three and 60/100 DOLLARS

DATA ELEMENTS
:q
$!
Check Number, Date, and :::j
’
::z
Account Tile Area gj
Fractional Routing Area .
Drawee institution
Figure 6-6 Legal Amount Field Location
Because the legal amount is expressed as dollars, the cents amount is a

fraction of a dollar and may be expressed using the fractional format such
as 60/100. The word “Dollars” is frequently printed with an expanded
character spacing and is intended to prevent the writer from writing
underneath the Convenience Amount area. This helps keep the
Convenience Amount area free from extraneous markings that might
interfere with automated scanning and reading equipment.
The check writer is cautioned to use extreme care in entering the Legal
Amount. In actual practice, the Convenience Amount is used by the
banking Industry as the value of the check. However, it is the Legal
Amount that takes precedence if there is any difference between the two
amounts. In general, many errors occur in writing the Legal Amount.
When such an error is detected, the financial institution frequently
returns the check, asking for either a clarification of the correct amount or
the preparation of a new check on which the Convenience Amount and
Legal Amount clearly agree.
6.3.3 Check Protector Printing

Money orders, cashiers checks, and other business checks are often
prepared using check protector printing equipment that embosses the
check with the Legal Amount. It is strongly recommended that the
Convenience Amount also be used when using check protector
equipment, and that it be typed or machine printed.

DATA ELEMENTS
6.4 Payee Area

In the payee area, the maker of the check indicates the name of person(s)
or organization that is to receive the amount of the check. The name of
the payee is required for the check to be a valid negotiable instrument.
On most checks, the printer provides a line or area for the purpose of
entering the name of the payee. As shown in Figure 6-7, the payee area
is to the left of the convenience amount in the central or upper left region
of the check extending into the upper right region. On personal checks,
a line is printed immediately below the date and to the left of the
Convenience Amount area. It is often preceded by the words “Pay to the
Order Of.” In order to prevent the maker from writing into the
Convenience Amount area, a vertical bar or extender is printed at the
right end of the line (see Figure 6-8). The payee name should start at the
left of the line and not extend beyond the terminating vertical bar.
B0.. i . .. A.., ...................

~~.~:~:.:~:~.~...~.~..~.~.....~...........:.:...~~.:~~.~~.~.~.~:~~.:.::~.~~.~:~.:.:.:.:
..... c .. . . ........ . ...... ........ .., ............................... ::~
................................
Drawee Institution
MICRClear Band - and - MICR Line

:::s
:::::.
Figure 6-7 Payee Area Location

DATA ELEMENTS
...,..,..... . ..... .. .. ....... .. ._.

.,~~,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~*~~~~~~~~~~~,~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~.*~~;~~::::::~~:::~~.::..~~.:,~.:~,~~~~~~:~~~:::~~~~:~.::::~~:~~::~~~~.:.~s~.:~.:.:.:~~~.~..:.:
Y
+. q
$>i
y$
;$
:<:
;,sj Teminaiing Bar ,-g
g$ :<::
I$$
*:j Payee Line :::::
t$. ::>
$j PAYTOTHE
$$ ORDEROF
:::< ::::
;:::
$g
f DOLLARS j/
f F$$
gg; 3
$5 :s
$j Ma0 f
....
.?...
g ::s:
:y.:
8 y;+
8 *> . . ...“.x,a...... k..,
.%,*.., .. , . *p,F”..A..v....
..y.,,
, ., :.:.
.~~~-~‘~~~~~~~.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,,~.:~:.:.~.~~~.~
..v.....M.~w.v
h ,....w..z.% ....:.:.:.~:.~.:.~.~...~:.:~.~~~~...:..~~:.~~:.:~:.~:.:~~~.:..~.:~:~:~.~~~~~~~~:~~~~:~:~~~~
Figure 6-8 Payee Area Limits

L /

DATA ELEMENTS
6.5 Signature Area

The signature area is located in the bottom right portion of the check
(above the MICR area), as shown in Figure 6-9. The signature (or
signatures) that are entered authorize the Bank to disburse the funds
and, therefore, must match the Bank’s records. The signature area (the
lines, control information, and titles) should be located no lower than
5/8ths of an inch above the bottom of the check. This limit is set to avoid
interference with the MICR area.
The signature area may contain more than one signature line for accounts
requiring multiple (two or three) signatures to provide control of the
account. In addition to the signature line(s), this area may contain control
information such as notations that only checks for more than a certain
dollar amount require a second or third signature. Additionally, the title of
the person signing the check may be preprinted below the signature line.
As previously noted, this information should not appear in the MICR area.
Control information or titles should be printed not to obscure or interfere
with the signatures or other elements of the check.
MICRClearBand - and - MICR Line
Figure 6-9 Signature Area Location

DATA ELEMENTS
6.6 Drawee Institution Name

The name of the institution where the makers account is located is
referred to as the Drawee institution, as shown in Figure 6-10. No matter
where the check is deposited or cashed by the payee, the banking
industry check clearing facility will route the check to the drawee
institution for presentment against the maker’s account.
The drawee institution name is generally printed on the bottom left corner
of the check. The institution name, city and state of location, and Zip
Code are all that are required. A specific street address, branch name, or
telephone number is not required and will often result in less than legible
print if included. However, the use of a specific street address or a g-digit
Zip Code (Zip + 4), may be beneficial to insure the proper presentment of
the items. Many institutions include their logo as part of the name.
The design of the drawee institution name, and any logo, are the sole
responsibility of that institution, and the drawee institution should be
consulted if any conflicts exist. The banking industry generally does not
use this field to route the checks for clearing purposes. The bank is also
identified in the MICR line (and, possibly, the Fractional Routing area),
which will be discussed later. However, in the event that the MICR
information is destroyed, the printed drawee institution name and
address are used as a guide in forwarding the document.
MICRClearBand - and - MICRLine
Figure 6-l 0 Drawee Institution Area Location

DATA ELEMENTS
6.7 Account Title

The title of the account is normally printed in the upper left comer of the
check, directly above the Payee Line, as shown in Figure 6-11. This area
provides the customer information and may additionally identify the
name(s) of the account holder(s) authorized to withdraw funds from the
account.
Customer information may also include addresses and other identifying

information such as: telephone numbers, social security numbers,
drivers license numbers, and other information, if approved by the
customer. There are no specific restrictions on the size of the account
title, but the data contained in the title should be legible and should not
extend into the payee line area.
To ensure legibility, the amount of data in this area should be limited to

that amount which is generally required by local customs. The account
number need not be printed in the account title, as it is included in the
MICR line. However, if the MICR data is destroyed, the drawee institution
will refer to the account title in order to trace the account number.
AccountTile Area
MICRClear Band - and - MICR Line

C?. .,.. . ,.. . \
~:~~:.:.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~~~~~~~~~~?~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:~s~~~~~~~~
Figure 6-11 Account Title Location

DATA ELEMENTS
6.8 Memo/For Line

This line is generally printed in the lower left quadrant of the check
between the drawee institution name and the M ICR clear band. Words
such as “Memo” or “For” are supplied by the check printer at the
beginning of the line. The information written or printed on this line is
entirely for the convenience of the maker’s records. Nothing in this area
is required by the banking industry, nor is it required by the definition of a
negotiable instrument. Neither does it contain any legal significance.
Writing “Paid in Full” in this area, for example, may be beneficial to the
maker, but it has no bearing on the transaction represented by the check.
Writing or printing in this area may not extend downward into the 5/8ths
inch M ICR clear band so as not to impair the functioning of the automated
equipment used to route the check to the drawee institution.
Drawee institution
M ICRClear Band - and - M ICR Line
Figure 6-12 Memo/For Line Location

DATA ELEMENTS
6.9 Check Serial Number

The check number is generally pre-printed in the upper right quadrant of
the check, as shown in Figure 6-13. Check numbers normally start with
101 for the first check in a new account, and increase by one for each
succeeding check.
This number is not required, and is primarily for the convenience of the
maker’s records, although it may be used by the institution to respond to
an inquiry or in processing a stop payment. The account holder uses the
serial number to reconcile statements received from the institution. In
most instances, the check number appears a second time in the MICR
code line. The account holder should ensure that the number in the
MICR line is identical to the number printed in the upper right corner.
Because the MICR number is the one used by the institution to indicate
processed checks on statements, to place stop payments, etc., any
difference in the two numbers could cause the institution to take an
incorrect action. In all probability, any liability for loss due to a mismatch of
the numbers would be the responsibility of the account holder.
The number that appears on the first check of a series is generally

determined by the account holder. The number of digits in the number is
frequently limited either by the financial institution’s computer programs
associated with stop-pay procedures or by MICR code line format
restrictions. Although characteristically present, serial numbers may be
optional based on the financial institution’s requirements.
AccountTile Area
g :jz
$:::s MICR Clear Band - and - MICR Line ::::
:::.: 8
:: . .............................a..
in.............._.......
:.:.:.:....... ...p:.:.:.:.:.:
....A..
..:.:.:.:.:....
.....__A....._.A.A.. ......\...:::::.:
~.,..:.~.....:.:.:.:.:
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....’
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Figure 6-13 Check Serial Number Location
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) 6 - 13

DATA ELEMENTS
6.10 Fractional Routing Number

As shown in Figure 6-14, the Routing Number is printed in a fractional
format in the upper right corner of the check. This number is assigned to
the drawee institution and acts as an identifier. The number is used by
the banking industry to route checks to the drawee institution if the
routing number in the MICR line is destroyed.
The numbering system for all financial institutions in the United States is
maintained by the Rand McNally Company, which assigns numbers to
new financial institutions in accordance with the Number Assignment
Rules, which are controlled by the Routing Numbers Administrative
Board of the American Bankers Association. The fractional routing
number identifies the individual drawee institution, as well as the Federal
Reserve District and Branch that serve that institution. These numbers
may be printed as a hyphenated fraction or on a single line with a slash
mark denoting the fraction denominator.
Because the Fractional Routing Number is not used in the routine

processing of documents, additional letters and numbers may be printed
in association with the routing number if the drawee institution’s internal
processing functions so require. Although generally present, the
fractional routing number may be omitted at the option of the drawee
institution.
yqy..<..r . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . ., . . . . .,.. . < ,, . . . . . .. .. . . ...%..v. ..:.w:.:.>>>> v............. . . ...< . . . . ‘A) .. .. A,... . . .. . . . . . . <I:...:,. . . . . x..
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Figure 6-14 Fractional Routing Number Location

\ /

DATA ELEMENTS
6.11 MICR Line

The high-speed automated processing of checks within and between
financial institutions is dependent on the accuracy and integrity of the
data in the MICR line. As shown in Figure 6-15, the MICR line consists of
a line of characters printed in a 5/8ths inch high band at the bottom of a
check. These characters are printed in magnetic ink, using E13-B font,
and no other printing may appear in this area unless it complies with the
exceptions outlined in ANSI Standard X9.7 and ANSI Standard X9.27.
Due to the potential for damage to the MICR line, one should not write in
this area when filling in the check. The full definition of the MICR line
consists of five distinct fields, as shown in Figure 6-16. See ANSI
standard X9.13 for full details of the MICR line format.
Payee and Legal Amount Area
Figure 6-15 MICR Line Location
The left-most field in the MICR line is referred to as the Auxiliary On-Us
field. This field is not present on small format (e.g., 6” personal style)
checks, as it would extend past the end of the check. On larger format
business checks, this field generally contains the check serial number,
and it may also contain accounting control information that is specific to
the account. The limits on the length of the number are those dictated by
the length of check and programming requirements of software
packages.
The field immediately to the right of the Auxiliary On-Us Field is a one-digit
field called the EPC (External Processing Code) field. The field is either,
but not both, positions 44 or 45 of the MICR line. This field is strictly
controlled by the ASC X9B Committee and is used for specifically
assigned purposes. No use of this field can be made without written
authorization from the ASC X9B Committee.

DATA ELEMENTS
Note Illustration is not to scale. The proper

fPC FIELY scale is eight characters per inch.
\ I
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66666655555555554444444444333333333322222222221111111111
54321098765432109876543210987654321098765432109876543210987654321
I I
AUXILIARY ON-US I ROUTING : ON-US I AMOUNT
FIELD I FIELD I FIELD I FIELD
I I I
Figure 6-16 Extended Encoding Strip
The field immediately to the right of the EPC field is the Routing Field.
This field contains the routing number of the drawee institution and,
other than format, is the same as the fractional routing number.
The field to the right of the Routing Field is the On-Us Field. This field is
reserved for use by the drawee institution and normally contains the
maker’s account number. On personal size checks, this field also
contains the check number; it may also contain processing code
information unique to the drawee institution.
The right-most field in the MICR line is the Amount field. This field is left
blank until it is completed by the institution of first deposit. When the
check first enters the banking system, the amount is transcribed from the
Convenience Amount field.
The contents of the MICR line are controlled by the drawee institution
following rules established for the high-speed processing of checks.
Adherence to, these rules is required to enable rapid clearing of
documents between financial institutions. A key portion of the definition
of the structure and content of the fields in the MICR line (provided in
ANSI Standard X9.13) is associated with the Routing and Amount fields.
As schematically indicated in Figure 6-17, the Routing field is bounded
by Transit symbols, and the Amount field is bounded by Amount
symbols.
The numeric contents of the Routing field indicate the drawee financial
institution, and consists of two groups of four digits, followed by a Mod 10
check digit. This number is a repetition of the information shown in the
Fractional Routing Number.
The numeric contents of the Amount field indicate the value of the check
in cents, with leading zeros used to fill the field.

DATA ELEMENTS
The On-Us field structure is essentially unspecified, with the exceptions

that it may not consist of more than 19 characters (digits, symbols, and
spaces) and that an On-Us symbol must always appear to the right of the
Account Number. The structure of this field is determined by the
processing requirements of the drawee bank.
The Auxiliary On-Us field structure is also essentially unspecified, with the
exception that it must be bounded by On-Us symbols. The structure of
this field is determined by the processing requirements of the drawee
bank.
The printing in this band must meet very high standards of quality in order
to perform adequately in the banking system. Caution should be
exercised when handling checks so that the characters in this field are
not damaged. In the event that the MICR line is not readable, it will be
necessary to repair the document. Since nothing comes for free, the
repair costs will be reflected in the account holder’s costs . . . either
directly or indirectly.
The primary guide to the proper contents of the MICR line should be that
provided by the Bank Specification Form. See Section 6.16. Check
designers should be cautioned against the copying of an existing check
if there is any chance that the document might not be representative of
the field structure and contents that have been defined by the financial
institution,
f
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Figure 6-17 Required Structures - Routing and Amount Fields

/
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 i TG-2 (1990) 6 - 17

DATA ELEMENTS
6.12 Decorations
6.12.1 General
Decorations on checks are non-functional design elements intended to
enhance the appearance of the check and thus their appeal to individual
or corporate check users. Decorations are often an expression of a
corporate identity, designed to celebrate a notable corporate feature or
to project an image or mood. To some extent, all checks are decorated,
as the essential features are printed on a variety of paper colors and
generally have some kind of format treatment. More than ninety percent
of personal and business checks now in circulation, however, are
decorated with more than the basic treatment.
6.12.2 Fixed Decorations

Fixed decorations are those that are intrinsic to the check design and are
not changed between individual orders. Some of the more common
types are:
Background designs
These are generally visual textures or repeated patterns. The
“texture” may involve a simulated cloth, marble, or parchment
pattern. The repeated patterns are generally a graphic image,
corporate trademark or logo, geomettic shapes, or lines. For
security purposes, the patterns and textures may be augmented
by varied tints and patterns intended to interfere with optical
copying of the check.
Scenic checks
Scenic checks are created by overlaying a multicolored or
monochrome artist’s rendition or photograph onto the basic
check format. The image may be virtually anything, but choices
are generally limited by economies of scale.
All checks must show all of the data elements in a clear and consistent
way, for both human and machine reading. An elaborate, muddled, or
overpowering pattern or scene can make legibility difficult or impossible
for both humans and machines.
Printing on check backs (instructions, disclaimers, etc.) must be kept out

of the areas required for endorsements. Refer to ANSI Standard X9.3.

DATA ELEMENTS
6.12.3 Variable Decorations

Variable decorations, whether they vary between individual orders or
between checks within an order, must not distract from the legibility and
performance of the required data elements they embellish.
Variable decorations are commonly found next to the customer

information on a patch in the center of the check, next to the drawee
institution name, or over the signature area. Decorations that overlap
required data elements must meet the same restrictions as those
imposed on background designs. Decorations that cannot meet these
limits should be placed at the extreme left of the data element, except in
the signature area, where the decoration may be centered at the extreme
upper limit of the field.
6.12.4 Borders
Most business checks and simple personal checks display a printed
border treatment. When printed in non-MICR ink with a PCS higher than
0.3, they should not extend more than 0.200 inches in from either the
leading or trailing edges of the document or more than 0.150 inches up
from the document aligning edge. See ANSI Standard X9.7 and ANSI
Standard X9.27. If printed with magnetic ink, the border must not pass
through the 5/8ths inch MICR clear band. See ANSI Standard X9.13.
The use of elaborate or fancy borders should be discouraged because of
the likely possibility of obscuring the MICR code line or other data
elements of the basic check.
6.12.5 Printing Considerations for Background

Patterns and Scenic Decorations
Colors used for decoration must be of a density or contrast such that
essential data elements are not obscured, either visually, or on microfilm
or electronically-scanned images. It is strongly recommended that
background reflectance (which includes patterns, tints, and scenes) be
restricted to a minimum of 60%. This recommendation extends to the
entire background of the document, not just the MICR clear band and the
convenience amount band as specified in ANSI Standard X9.7. The
measurement method for reflectivity is given in that specification.

DATA ELEMENTS
6.13 Pretwinted Data

Data element descriptions such as the preprinted ‘$’ sign, which are
intended to be optically machine visible, should have a PCS of 0.60 or
greater. See ANSI Standard X9.7 for details on PCS measurements.
6.14 Security Features
6.14.1 Copying and Counterfeiting Checks

Fraud through the copying or counterfeiting of checks is a serious
problem. Some protection against copying with conventional black and
white copiers is afforded by printing a colored and/or patterned
background, along with a caution on the document, such as “The original
of this check has a colored background.” Protection against
counterfeiting using color copiers is more difficult. Financial institutions
should exercise caution in handling rejects, because counterfeit
documents frequently are not printed with magnetic ink, nor printed to
specification. One protection scheme is to use ultra-violet ink to bury a
“hidden message” which can be seen only with the use of an ultra-violet
lamp. Any security technique that will help prevent check fraud by
counterfeiters or copiers is desirable, as long as it does not impair the
processing characteristics of the document.
6.14.2 Altering Checks

Changing the amount on a check is not as prevalent as counterfeiting,
and is customarily guarded against by the use of safety papers or printed
check backgrounds which are sensitive to the use of ink eradicators or
erasure. Safety papers are manufactured with colored background
patterns that are either rub sensitive or sensitive to chemicals used for
eradication. If an attempt is made to alter a check, the colored
background rubs off, or features in the paper react and change color as
an alert of possible tampering. Printed background designs can also
serve a security purpose. They may be printed, for example, with rub
sensitive ink. Or they may, through manipulation of half-tone screens,
show the word “Void” when the check is copied on a black and white
copier. Frequently the white 24 lb paper itself contains a chemical
treatment that responds to exposure to ink eradicators. A word of caution
for printing security features is that backgrounds should not be so dark as
to cause difficulty in reading the essential data elements. See paragraph
6.12.5 for printing considerations.
As previously noted, the writer of a check should not prepare the check
using pencil, erasable ink, or correctable ribbons.

DATA ELEMENTS
6.15 The Back of the Check
6.15.1 General
The back of the check is reserved for endorsements. Care should be
taken in its design to avoid interference with legibility of endorsements.
6.15.2 Areas of Endorsement

The back of the check is divided into three primary areas for endorsement
by: 1) the payee; 2) the institution of first deposit; and 3) other financial
institutions. Figures 6-18 and 6-19 illustrate the location of these
designated areas for personal and business checks. See ANSI Standard
X9.3 for details of the endorsement requirements.
6.15.3 Endorsement Targets

Suppliers of checks are encouraged to promote endorsement area
designators or targets on business and government check designs to
encourage payee endorsement in the correct location, and to identify the
area that is reserved solely for the endorsement by the institution of first
deposit.
6.15.4 Legibility Considerations of

Endorsements
Because a document may have to be returned to the institution of first
deposit (e.g., in cases such as insufficient funds), it is imperative that the
routing number of that institution be clearly visible in that bank’s
endorsement. To enhance the readability of endorsements, it is
recommended that any printed patterns on the back of the checks have
relatively high reflectivity. Certain random patterns of background should
be avoided, as they tend to obscure endorsements more than highly
structured patterns such as vertical or horizontal bands.

DATA ELEMENTS
Y
MUEW OF BAGK
Nominal Check Size: 6.00 ” long by 2.75 ” high
off GHEGK
,. ”
“’
Bottom of Back of Check (Aligning Edge)
Figure 6-18 Endorsement Areas for a Standard Personal Check

L -A
/ \
MOEW off BACK
Minimum Check Size: 6.00 ” long by 2.75 ” high off CHECK
Nominal Check Size: 8.50 ” long by 3.50” or 3.67 ” high
Maximum Check Size: 8.75 ” long by 3.67 ” high
Reserved for other data as may be

required by the user (legends, etc.)
T
Figure 6-19 Endorsement Areas for a Standard Business Check

L /

DATA ELEMENTS
6.16 Bank Specification Form

The primary guide to the proper contents of the MlCR line should be that
provided by the Bank Specification Form. A sample of a simplified typical
specification form is shown in Figure 6-20.
In the general case, the specification form should be the vehicle for the
financial institution to provide the definition of the proper contents of the
MICR line to its customer. This form, or a related document, should also
be used to convey any information regarding the approval requirements
for check formats, and to specify any document testing procedures that
may be required.
I THE VAGABOND BANK CORP.

BREA‘?F”E-2, CMCCIRCE-fflEA.‘.X92621
FQ Accoumz?psMcdal I”famlathl CuItece
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Rsclond 21-3065
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-- .- . A . ..- - .-
Minimum check size: k x 2 34’ The CustonWs Account Nur&er should be entered in poskions 29.27.26.
Maximum check she: 8 3/4’ x 3 2/3 24.23,22.20.19.
All n?aawrements start from lower right comer. The Consecutive Nurrber must be entered with leading zerces in positions
Minimum paperweight: 24 bs 531046.
As shown below. an area 5/B. deep by the length of the document k resewed for MICR &aractefs.
No other magnetic ink printing may appear in this arm
Figure 6-20 Sample Bank Specification Form

L /

DATA ELEMENTS

7. Personal Check
7.1 General
A personal check is generally a small check, usually 2.750 (2 3/4) x 6
inches, that is used by individuals for personal financial transactions. A
personal check is any check drawn against a personal account, as
distinguished from a commercial or business account. Any kind of check
may be used for this purpose, but the typical choice is the smallest
allowable size.

Because the personal check is one of the standard formats, it has the
basic structure described in Section 6. The following information is
intended to clarify those options that were indicated in Section 6.
7.2.1 Date Line

The Date Line is usually in the upper right quadrant.
7.2.2 Payee Line

The Payee Line is typically on a horizontal line slightly above the mid-
point of the check and extending from the left end of the check to the
convenience amount area, where it is terminated by a short vertical line,
0.120 inches high, which serves to protect the dollar sign from being
overwritten.
7.2.3 Convenience Amount Area

The Convenience Amount Area is a rectangle located immediately to the
right of the payee line.
7.2.4 Legal Amount Line

The Legal Amount Line is usually on a horizontal line slightly below and
parallel to the payee line, extending from the left-most extremity to the
right-most extremity. This line is frequently terminated at its right end by
the printed word “DOLLARS”.

PERSONAL CHECK
7.2.5 Signature Line

The Signature Line is a horizontal line below and parallel to the legal
amount line, generally beginning slightly to right of the m id-point of the
check and extending to the right end of the check.
7.2.6 Customer Information

Customer Information typically includes the name(s) of the account
holder(s) authorized to withdraw funds from the account, addresses and
other identifying information such as telephone numbers, social security
numbers, or driver’s license numbers. Customer Information is usually
located in the upper left region bf the check.
7.2.7 Memo/For Line

The Memo/For Line is provided for the convenience of the maker in
identifying the purpose of the check during account reconciliation or as a
notice of funds application to the payee. The Memo/For Line is generally
located in the lower left quadrant of the check, above the M ICR clear
band.

8. Business Check
8.1 General
A business check is any check drawn against a commercial or business
account, as distinguished from a personal account. Companies and
corporations could conceivably use any kind of check for this purpose,
but certain types of designs and data element locations are used by a
majority of companies and corporations. Because of the potential use of
a large number of data elements on a business check, the size of the
check is typically large, ranging to 8.750 (8 3/4) inches in length and to
3.867 (3 2/3) inches in height. Under no circumstances should the size
of a business check exceed the specifications listed in ANSI Standard
X9.18.

Business checks must contain the five data elements listed in Section 6
that are required for negotiable instruments. It is recommended that the
Date, Convenience Amount, Payee, Signature and Drawee Institution be
located as described in Section 6. The amount of data, as well as the
placement desired, may require a certain flexibility in the formatting of the
business check. To allow for this flexibility, several options can be used in
the design of the check.
8.2.1 Locations for Date Field

On business checks, one-write checks, or checks using carbon bands,
the date field may be located adjacent to the payee field. This is an
acceptable alternative to the preferred upper right hand location.
8.2.2 Signature Lines

Signature line(s) should be printed in the bottom right hand corner of a
business check, directly above the MICR clear band. If more than one
signature is required for payment, space should be provided above the
clear band area and below the Convenience Amount Field.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS 8 -1

BUSINESS CHECK
8.2.3 Payee Area

The payee area is typically located slightly above the m idpoint of the
check extended horizontally across the check. Businesses however,
may incorporate the payee area of the check into other functional uses
such as for the printing of name and address data.
8.2.4 Amount Field

The convenience amount (amount in figures) and dollar sign must be
printed or written in the area prescribed in ANSI Standard X9.7. If, due to
printing lim itations, the amount appears only once, it is essential that the
quality of printed characters be monitored to ensure clarity and readability
of each character.
Because the repetition of the amount provides a certain degree of

protection against fraudulent alteration, it is strongly suggested that the
check be designed to incorporate both a legal and convenience amount.
8 - 2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS

BUSINESS CHECK
8.3 Variable Features

Because of the variations in requirements each business may have in
disbursing funds, the layout and contents of many of the data elements
on a business check are subject to the nature of the business.
8.3.1 Check Serial Number

The check serfal number is typically located in the upper right hand comer
of the check. This number may also be encoded in the MICR line to
facilitate account reconciliation or stop payment processing. Restrictions
on the length of the check serial number field may be imposed by the
drawee institutions; it is therefore recommended that the drawee
institution be consulted beforecommitting to a design. Because the
check serial number may play a significant role in the accounting scheme
of the business, an early consultation may save wasted design effort.
8.3.2 Memo/Remit To Data

Space may be provided for the maker of a business check to identify the
purpose of the check, invoice data, discount information, or other
pertinent payment data. This space must be located in an area that does
not conflict with ANSI specifications, particularly those of ANSI Standard
X9.13. Typically, this space is found in the lower left corner directly above
the MICR clear band (see Figure 82), at the top center above the payee,
between the maker’s name and the date, or as part of a voucher style
check (a detachable check stub which is removed by the payee before
deposit). Figures 8-1, 8-2, and 8-3 show some of the conventional
variations of the standard business check. Note that the illustrations do
not attempt to cover all of the possible arrangements of check and
voucher.
8.3.3 Account Title

The account title is usually located in the upper left corner of the check.
Depending upon requirements of the issuing process, this information
may be printed at the top center, or lower left or right (above the MICR
area) of the check. If the check is to be formatted so that the account title
is used for a return address in a double window envelope, the format
should comply with U. S. Postal Service (USPS) mailing requirements.
The USPS return address structure requires that the last two lines should
include the street address (or P.O. Box) and the City, State, Zip Code
line.
8.3.4 Signature Area

Facsimile signatures, such as stamps or machine printed specimens, may
be used only with permission of the drawee’s financial institution.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS 8-3

BUSINESS CHECK
*-XXX*
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Note: Check reduced

to approximately
“B
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80% of normal
size.
Figure 8-I Typical Voucher-style Business Check
8 - 4 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS

BUSINESS CHECK
2::......
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g $/
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Note: Check reduced

to approximately
80% of normal
size.
Figure 8-2 Typical Business Check W ith Memo/Remit Data
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS 8 - 5

BUSINESS CHECK
r .
DATE E4VOE!XNO AhfOUNT DISC. NET DATE INVOICENO. AMOUNT DISC.
ooo
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19 -
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Note: Check reduced to approximately 70% of normal size.
Figure 8-3 Typical Voucher Check W ith Removable Statement
6-6 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS

9. Acceptable Variations
9.1 General
There are exceptions to every rule. This section covers the most
common exceptions in check design by outlining the acceptable
variations for 80 column tab card checks, window envelope checks, pre-
authorized drafts or checks, pegboard style checks, payment advice style
checks, and dividend/ insurance claim style checks.
9.2 80.Column Tab Card Checks

Although diminishing in use, the basic design and data element locations
for 80 column tab card checks are similar to those of any other check.
The differences are due primarily to the fact that the punched holes could
interfere with the contents of a “normally” positioned MICR line. For this
reason, the routing numbers and account MICR numbers must be placed
immediately below the 9’s punched hole positions. Refer to ANSI
Standard X9.13 for specific details. If the amount field and transaction
codes are located as on paper checks, punched holes are not allowed in
columns 51 through 80.
Because automated and semi-automated equipment that handles the

amount encoding may not be aware that the check contains punched
holes, columns 51 through 80 should be kept clear of holes in any card
check. Card checks are useful for customers who use unit record
keeping, punched hole reading equipment, or for check issuers who
desire a stiffer document.
Figure 9-l illustrates the basic structure of the 80 column tab card check.
As previously noted, the placement of the MICR line must be done so
that the punched holes do not interfere with the MICR line. Additionally,
the printed data, including payee and amount, must be positioned so that
the information is not obscured by any of the punched holes.

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ACCEPTABLE VARIATIONS
9.3 Checks for Window Envelopes

The prime requirement for checks and their associated window
envelopes is that both the check and envelope must be sized and
designed so that the address information will remain visible even if the
check moves within the envelope. In general, designing a check for use
in a window envelope requires making some small compromises and
modifications to the basic check guidelines that have been defined in
earlier sections.
The principal reason for the design compromises is the desire to keep
the amount of the check obscured by the opaque portion of the
envelope. This generally requires some alteration in the structure of the
check. Additionally, the desire to separate the payee address from the
return address when using a double window envelope, can serve as an
additional reason to re-arrange the check data elements.
If the check is to be formatted so that the account title is used for a return
address in a double window envelope, the format should comply with
USPS mailing requirements. The USPS return address structure
requires that the last two lines include the street address (or P.O. Box)
and the City, State, Zip Code line.
The payee information should also be shown with the last two lines
indicating the street address (or P.O. Box) and the City, State, Zip Code
line. The windows should be sized and placed so that address
information is always visible, and so that private data, such as the amount,
is not visible through the window.
Where possible, the entire address should be contained in an imaginary

rectangle which extends from s/8” to 2 34” from the bottom of the
envelope, with l-inch margins on each side. At a minimum, all the
characters on the last line of the address block-the post office (city),
state, and Zip Code or Zip+4 Code-should be located within an imaginary
rectangle which extends from s/8” to 2 l/4” from the bottom of the
envelope, with 1-inch margins on each side.
Figure 9-2 shows a sample window check and its associated envelope.

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Note: Check and envelope reduced to approximately 80% of normal size.
Figure 9-2 Window Check Example

9.4 Pre-Authorized Checks or Drafts

The term “pre-authorized” refers to checks or drafts a customer has
approved to be debited from an account and that are prepared and
deposited into the collection system by the payee. The most frequent
users of this process are insurance companies that use it to receive
periodic premium payments. The insurance company prepares a “pre-
authorized” check or draft drawn on the policy holder’s account, and
deposits it to its account as if it had been sent by the policy-holder. The
financial institution maintains a notation of the pre-authorization on file
and pays the check or draft on the strength of the notation rather than on
the customer signature, since the item does not contain a signature.
A variation of the pre-authorized check is the “Depository Transfer

Check,” which is used by financial institutions. Such checks are generally
used as a part of corporate cash management and serve to move funds
from scattered accounts into an account at a single institution. These
checks show as payee the institution that prepares the check, with a
reference to further credit of the corporate customer. Because the
maker’s signature is not available, the words “Official Signature” are used
instead. Apart from these distinctions, pre-authorized checks and drafts
use the same design elements as described for personal and/or
business checks.
Users of this pre-authorized checks and drafts must be cautioned that the
MICR format must agree with the drawee bank requirements. The
principal error that occurs in the process of obtaining the account MICR
format happens when a deposit slip (as opposed to a check) is used to
obtain the MICR format.
9.5 One-Write Checks
9.5.1 General
One-Write checks, also known as “Pegboard Checks,” are checks that
reproduce on other accounting or record-keeping forms as the check is
manually written. The accounting forms are held in alignment by a post or
“Peg” board. Reproduction is accomplished by a black carbon band or
chemically-coated strip, or by use of a duplicate copy with the carbon
band on the back of the duplicate instead of on the back of the check.
Figure 9-3 shows an example of a One-Write check that has a center
panel.

9.5.2 One-Write Checks With a Center Panel
On a one-write check with a “center panel,” most of the information (date,
payee, and amount) is set into an area, usually on one line. This line can
also contain accounting information segments. For this reason, the
check designer must be careful so that the other data is not easily
confused with the amount field. This panel line is printed over a carbon
band or other reproducing area on the back of the check.
9.5.3 One-Write Checks Without a Center Panel

One-write checks can also be designed so that the line of information is
located on a detachable stub instead of on the check. This style of check
uses a conventional check format, and in many cases the carbon band is
applied only to the back of the stub. Depending on the design of the
system, the stub can be at the top or end of the check. Because the stub
is detachable, its design does not affect the fom-rat of the check.
9.54 Carbon Band Dimensions

One-Write checks with a carbon band have an opaque strip on the back
of the check. Because an excessively large opaque strip could impact
the visibility of the endorsement areas on the back of the check, there are
some restrictions on the size of that strip (see ANSI Standard X9.3). The
size restrictions are as follows:
a) Maximum width (vertical): 0.4 (4/10) inch
b) Maximum length (horizontal): 8.75 (8 3/4) inch

(the full length of check)
c) Minimum vertical width in common use is 0.3125 (5/l 6) inch.
9.5.5 Carbon Band Placement

Although not covered by a specific standard, the carbon strip is
commonly placed as follows, as measured from the bottom of the check.
a) Minimum distance: 1.2 (1 z/lo) inch
b) Average distance: 1.4375 (1 7/l 6) inch
c) Maximum distance: 1.5 (1 t/2) inch.*
* Occasionally, the carbon band is placed at the top edge of

the back of the check at a distance of 2.8 (2 4/5) inch or more
from the bottom.

Note: Check reduced

to approximately
80% of normal
size.
Figure 9-3 One-Write Check W ith Center Panel

A

9.6 Insurance Claim Style Check

insurance claim checks frequently carry numerous additional data
elements related to an accident or injury. Element headings might
include: Total Claim Amount, Deductible Amount, Date of Accident, etc.
If the nature of the application requires that the data be present on the
check, it is recommended that the data elements be located in a single
line at the very top of the document. Such placement will reduce the
possibility of confusing the accounting information with the proper check
date and value.
Insurance claim checks also generally require some form of contractual

agreement or release associated with the endorsement of the recipient.
As shown in Figure 9-4, this information should be located on the back of
the check in the area above the Payee and Institution of First Deposit
Endorsement Areas.
r .
MUEVV OF BACK
OF GHEGK
I I A
I
Endorsements by Other , Institution of First Deposit , Payee L
Processing Institutions k Endorsement Area Endorsement r
N
1 ti I Area G
Figure 9-4 Endorsement Legend Area

9.7 Cashiers and Tellers Check

A Cashiers or Tellers check is an official check issued by a financial
institution. The identity of these checks should be noted on the face of
the check, preferably in bold printing at the top center of the check.
Because there is no conventional account title for this document, and
because the drawee institution is characteristically the issuing institution,
the logo and identification of the institution may appear in either the
drawee institution area or the account title area, as shown in Figure 9-5.
When an address is used it should fully conform to the routing number by
identifying both the city and state.
Figure 9-6 shows a typical structure for a Cashiers check.
AccountTile Area
DraweeInstitution
MICRClearBand - and - MiCR Line
Figure 9-5 Cashiers or Tellers Check Drawee Institution Location

. I

Note: Check reduced

to approximately
80% of normal
size.
Figure 9-6 Typical Cashiers Check

9.8 Travelers Cheques
9.8.1 General
Travelers cheques are checks with pre-printed amounts that are
purchased from companies or banks providing services intended to
protect both the users and payors. Travelers cheques are negotiable in
various currencies in order to save the consumer from the effort and
expense of the exchange process. Ideally, the currency should be
specifically identified directly underneath the Payee Line in bold print.
9.8.2 Standard Options

Fixed decorations, including background designs, trademarks and logos
used in conjunction with intaglio printing, are used to prevent
counterfeiting.
9.8.2.1 lntaglio Printing
The intaglio printing used on a travelers check is an intricate printwork

with surface variations that generally appears along with fine veiny lines
and color variations. Characteristically, this treatment is applied to most of
the surface of the check. The intaglio printing must not infringe upon the
5/8ths inch clear band (see ANSI Standard X9.13).
9.8.2.2 Signature Lines
The payor signature is always a pre-printed facsimile.
9.8.2.3 Purchaser Line

This line is provided by the issuing institution to inhibit use of the item by
persons other than the purchaser. This line is placed in the upper left-
hand area of the check just preceding the date line. The consumer
should sign this line at the time of purchase or as soon as possible
thereafter.
9.8.2.4 Countersignature Line
This line is generally to the left of the payor facsimile signature. It is

signed at the time the consumer wishes to use the check to make a
payment, and should be verified against the purchaser line.

Rebate Checks
9.9.1 General
Rebate checks are used by companies to encourage consumers to make
certain purchases. Even though such checks are generally for a small
amount (generally less than $5.00), it is within the interest of all involved
parties to adhere to the same guidelines that apply to other checks.
9.9.2 Inherent Problems

9.9.2.1 Use As Self-Mailer
Many rebate checks are mailed as Postcards. Any paper stock used that
is other than the normal check stock should comply with ANSI Standard
X9.18.
9.9.2.2 Dollar Amount

Placement of advertising on the face of the check may cause problems if
the advertising interferes with required data elements such as the dollar
amount. To minimize interpretation problems, it is recommended that the
guidelines be closely followed. See ANSI Standard X9.7.
9.9.2.3 Lack of Serial Number

Check serial numbers are a normal feature of virtually all styles of checks.
In many cases, however, they are not used on rebate checks. This is
inadvisable. A number is needed for reconcilement and protective
reasons. When used in conjunction with the MICR line, use of a serial
numbering system helps institutions avoid taking incorrect actions, and
may provide the payor with the desired statement data.

10. Computer Check Printing
10.1 General
The generation of checks through the use of computer programs and
locally controlled printing equipment transfers the responsibility for
insuring specification adherence to the issuer of the check. This is the
case even if the issuer uses forms, software, and printing hardware that
are designed to meet the applicable specifications. Although the issuer
may not have direct input into the design of the form, software, or printing
hardware, the user still carries the burden of verifying that the designers
have taken all appropriate factors into considerations.
10.2 Forms
10.2.1 Preprinted Check Forms

The primary requirement for pre-printed forms is that they meet the basic
format and design considerations noted in this document. This, in turn,
imposes restrictions on the software and printing operations that may be
used. In general, the user of preprinted forms should look to the supplier
for verification that the standards delineated in the Section 2 of this
document have been met. If such verification is not available, the user
should use such forms with caution, as they may contain design flaws that
will make their use difficutt, if not impossible, within the automated check
processing system. Additionally, the user of pre-printed forms should
verify that the forms are compatible with both the software system and
printing system that will be used.
10.2.2 User-Printed Check Forms

Because the introduction of non-impact printing technologies has
allowed the user to design and generate a variety of forms within the
printing system, it is more important now that the users understand the
various format and quality restrictions imposed by the standards. If the
basic forms that are produced by the printing system are provided by the
supplier of the printing system, the user should look to the supplier for
verification that the forms meet the applicable standards. Where the user
has control of the forms design process, it is necessary that the design
be done in light of the standards. Some items that may cause problems
include background shading, inappropriate font choices, rules and
borders, intrusion into the MICR clear band, and an endorsement area
that exceeds the limits imposed by ANSI Standard X9.3. Additional
potential problem areas include the check background and convenience
amount field structures that are specified in ANSI Standard X9.7.

COMPUTER CHECK PRINTING
10.2.3 Suitability of Paper Stock

Using an appropriate paper stock in the computer printing of checks may
seem to be self-evident, but matching the paper with the printing
technology to be used in the generation of the check can be
complicated. Considerations that can affect the choice of paper stock
include whether or not the base stock is of ” MICR quality” and whether or
not the basis weight and grain orientation are appropriate for high-speed
document processing. These basic considerations are covered in ANSI
Standard X9.18. Factors such as moisture content may also affect the
quality of the check printing process. If the supplier has not provided the
approprfate verification, it is the responsibility of the user to consult with
the forms supplier and/or printing equipment manufacturer to ensure that
the significant characteristics of the forms are compatible with the printing
technology. Failure to do so could result, at minimum, in wasted
production if the documents do not meet the requirements of the
automated check processing system.
10.2.4 Finishing
Many of the finishing aspects of the printed documents are handled by
the forms supplier. These items include perforations for continuous and
cut-sheet forms, and the sizing of cut-sheet forms. While the details of
the cutting and perforation processes are covered elsewhere in this
document, it should be noted that the paper positioning used in the
various computer-related printing processes may require an allocation of
some of the overall tolerances. Selection and qualification of the forms to
be used should be constrained by whether or not the combined form
manufacturing and printing tolerances are within the limits imposed by the
applicable specifications.
10.3 Check Printing Software
10.3.1 Vendor Supplied Software

The relationship between the forms design and the results of the check
printing process is controlled by the software that translates the data into
the printed document. It is therefore essential that the software design
take into account the placement of the data so that the various elements
adhere to the MICR specifications. Depending on the distribution
process used for the finished documents, it may also be necessary to
comply with postal regulations. The primary source of information
regarding the compliance of the software output with the applicable
specifications and regulations should be the supplier of the computer
programs. If the supplier is unable to provide the appropriate assurance,
the user should exercise care to verify that the software will deliver the
proper product.

10.3.2 User Generated Software

The flexibility provided by greater user control over the check generating
process requires the user to be thoroughly familiar with the requirements
of check design.
A frequent problem is the improper use and placement of the MICR

symbols and digits by unsophisticated users. If the system permits the
user to perform the layout of the MICR line, it is incumbent upon the user
to be sure that the line meets the requirements of the drawee bank.
10.4 Check Printing Hardware
10.4.1 Impact Printing Systems

In general, the user of an impact printing system is limited to generating
the non-MICR portions of the document. Although placement and
alignment of this information are less restricted than the printing of the
MICR line, it is essential that the equipment be aligned and maintained so
that all essential information is printed in the expected locations. An
important responsibility of the user of an impact printing system is to
ensure that the print quality is maintained at the best possible levels.
Faded, mis-aligned, or other marginal quality printing caused by worn
ribbons or mechanical problems must not be tolerated. Systems that
provide for the printing of the MICR line must be maintained in accord with
the restrictions imposed by ANSI Standards X9.13 and X9.27.
10.4.2 Non-Impact Printing Systems

The additional placement flexibility provided by the high resolution of
non-impact printing equipment brings with it the need to ensure that the
various data elements of the check are placed in the appropriate
locations. A frequent problem is the improper use and placement of the
MICR symbols and digits by unsophisticated users. If the system permits
the user to perform the layout of the MICR line, it is incumbent upon the
user to be sure that the line meets the requirements of the drawee bank.
As with impact printing systems, users of non-impact printing systems

have the responsibility of ensuring that print quality is maintained at the
best possible levels. Faded, misaligned, or other marginal quality printing
that may be caused by depleted supplies, inappropriate material (paper or
supplies), or mechanical problems must not be tolerated. Systems that
provide for the printing of the MICR line must be maintained in accord with
the restrictions imposed by ANSI Standards X9.13 and X9.27.


Appendix A: Production Processes
IAl .O Printing Methods II
Al .I General
Virtually any printing method can be employed in the manufacture of
MICR-encoded documents, as long as the process can print with
magnetic materials. Because of economies of scale, some methods are
more appropriate for different phases of document generation than
others. A very long run of a standard base stock could economically be
run using lithography, gravure, or flexography. The actual MICR
encoding runs, however, are usually much shorter and require printing
methods with less make-ready time and expense. Because it is the MICR
encoding that sets these documents apart from all others, only encoding
methods are discussed here.
Figure A-t indicates the basic printing techniques that are capable of
generating magnetic characters. It should be noted that each printing
method has its positive and negative points, and that the particular
application, paper stock, run length, and usage will all have a determining
effect on the cost, efficiency, and desirability of a given printing method.
Al .2 Letterpress
Letterpress was the first and most versatile method of printing using
movable type, and has been around since 1440 A.D. Its usefulness
continues, and many printers still use letterpress exclusively. The basic
principle of letterpress is the application of pigment to a surface with the
relief of a character cast or cut in reverse. The ink-coated character is
then pressed against the paper to form a printed image. Common forms
of letterpress are: hot metal type, sequential number machines,
flexographic plates, and ribbon encoders., All methods that print directly
from relief type are letterpress. Although it is difficult to change more
than a serial number from sheet-to-sheet, letterpress has a quality
potential that will keep it in use for quite some time.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) APPENDIX A - 1

APPENDIX A: PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Al .3 Offset Lithography
Offset Lithography is a very old printing method that has only recently
gained popularity for encoding the E13-B font. This planographic
method is based on three principles:
1) Water will stick to some areas but not to other areas of a flat
lithographic plate.
2) Ink will stick to the dry (image) area and split, leaving an ink film .
Ink will not stick to the water in the wet (non-image) area, leaving a
water film .
3) The ink and water, with the ink in the shape of the image on the
plate, is transferred to a rubber sheet called a blanket. The image
is then “offset” to the paper, completing the printing process.
Due to recent technological advances in equipment, materials and plate

making processes, offset lithography has become a viable aftemative for
short run E13-B encoding.
Al .4 Ribbon Encodin_a
Ribbon Encoding is a letterpress method that deserves additional
description because of its unusual method of delivering pigment and iron
oxide. Instead of pigments and iron oxide being applied to the typeface
and then to the paper, the pigments and oxides are suspended on an
thin sheet of backing, usually of a polymer base, called a ribbon. The
ribbon is held between the typeface medium (e.g., drum, daisy wheel,
hammer) and the paper so that as the typeface is struck against the
paper, the components on the ribbon are trapped and pressed onto the
document to be printed. This process, when computer-controlled, can
allow very short runs with sheet-to-sheet data variability.
A non-impact, thermal-transfer version of ribbon encoding has been

recently developed that will combine some of the characteristics of the
conventional ribbon encoding with those of non-impact technologies.
Al .5 Non-Impact
The newest technologies fall under the category of “Non-Impact”
printers. This category ranges from ink jet printers that spray the ink onto
the sheet, to highly sophisticated equipment using lasers and
photoreactive drums or belts which selectively apply pigment and iron
oxide in the form of toners from data stored digitally in a computer. These
methods promise to provide even more production flexibility in the near
future.
There are significant differences in the performance capabilities of the

various processes in this category. Because the general process
involves adhering a plastic-based toner to the paper, the quality differs as
a function of the process and the particular implementation.
APPENDIX A - 2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

I 9
METHOD SUBSETS TRANSFER M E D IUM
TYPE SLUGS
INK,
LETrEFPFlEss NUMBERING USUALLY WlTH A
MACHINES SOLVENT BASE.
RELIEF SD% TO 60% IRON OXIDE.
PLATES
POLYMER
INK,
PAPER USUALLY WITH AN
OFFSET ALKYD BASE.
POLY-VINYL
!SO%TO 60% IRON
LrrHOMETAL OXIDE.
PLATES
DRUM
INK FILM ON RIBBON,
HAMMER USUALLY WITH
IMPACT A POLYETHYLENE OR
RlBBON ROLL-ON POLYESTER SUBSTRATE.
ENCODING INK FORMULA AND
TYPE SLUGS IRON OXIDE CONTENT
VARY WlTH SOURCE.
DAISY WHEEL
LASER
XERO-
GRAPHY TONER,
PARTlCLE SlZE AND
NON-IMPACT ION IRON OXIDE CONTENT
DEPOSlTlON
VARY WlTH SOURCE.
MAGNETO-
GRAPHY
NON-IMPACT
RIBBON THERMAL THERMAL RIBBON
ENCODtNG
c
Figure A-1 Commercial Printing Method Characteristics
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) APPENDIX A - 3

(A2.0 Cutting I
A2.1 Tolerance
The final printing and cutting tolerance for check size and the positioning
and placement of critical background data is 0.062” (l/16) inch (ANSI
Standards X9.13 and X9.7). It is important that users and producers of
machine-readable documents note that printing and cutting tolerances
are not independent. They are entirely dependent on each other. The
document must be cut so that the M ICR encoding falls in relation to the
document edges in accordance with ANSI Standard X9.13. Preprinted
cut marks, registration marks, and registration overlays used as internal
production guides are only as accurate as the final cutting process.
A2.2 Methods
Certain common methods of paper cutting are described below, using
various cutter types. The document configuration (e.g., single sheet,
continuous form, multi-part pressure-sensitive) will have the greatest
impact on the selection of the method to be used. In many cases, a
sheet will have to make several passes through various types of
equipment before it is finished, and planning for gripper margins, ANSI
registration, and final dimension is critical.
A2.2.1 Guillotine
One of the most common ways to cut or trim documents is with a
guillotine cutter. In general, a guillotine cutter uses a mechanically
operated sloping or transversing blade that descends through a vertical
track to a table or bed and slices through a stack of paper held in place by
clamp. This type of cutter is available in a wide range of sizes, from small
hand-operated models to large computer-driven models that can handle
the largest sheeted stock available. Such cutters are extremely accurate
and efficient.
Guillotine cutters are, by their nature, dangerous, and all safety

equipment and procedures should be in place during their use. Clamp
pressure, if excessive, can not only damage the appearance of the
document, it can cause readability problems by damaging encoding
already on the document. The back guide must be checked frequently
to ensure that it is parallel to the knife or angled cuts will result. The knife
must be sharp and free of nicks to ensure a clean, straight cut. Nicks in
the knife will show up as irregularities along the edge of the document. If
that edge is also a reference edge, m is-feeds or m is-reads may result. If
the knife is not sharp, the crushing action of the guillotine will separate
the wood fibers in the paper, causing excessive dusting, and in severe
cases the jogged stack may be pushed out of shape destroying cut
accuracy. Printed stock must dry sufficiently before being cut with a
guillotine cutter, to prevent setoff which may occur because of clamping
pressures.

A2.2.2 Slitting
Slitting is a process of continuous cutting applied to roll operations or on
web presses that produce continuous format documents. There are two
basic types of slitting. One employs two machined wheels that are
closely assembled so that when paper is passed between them, the
stock is crushed into two pieces. This is a very accurate and effective
procedure. The other type uses a sharpened wheel that runs against a
machined anvil. In both cases, the cut is made along the length of the
roll to true or re-size the roll of stock.
Slitting is extremely accurate, but steps must be taken to ensure that the
material runs true and straight, and that the wheels and pressures remain
constant. In general mechanical terms, the slitter rarely changes position.
However, if the paper is allowed to shift from side to side between
printing and the actual slitter operation, the registration of the document
will also vary. In addition, dull blades or improper pinch pressures can
cause a dusty, hooked, or ragged edge which can cause misfeeds in
high-speed processing equipment.
A2.2.3 Sheeting
The process of converting a roll of paper into sheets is called sheeting.
Sheeting is normally accomplished on “roll sheeting” equipment
designed for that sole purpose or as an intermediate or final production
step on web presses. Paper manufacturers commonly use roll sheeting
equipment to produce very large sheets and then use multi-bladed
guillotines to produce the various smaller sizes. The importance of the
reference edges must not be overlooked. The sheeter is normally two
cylinders stacked on top of each other, with the web passing between. A
blade or blades mounted on one cylinder touch or mesh with the bottom
cylinder, and any paper between the two cylinders is cut.
The sheeter must be absolutely square with the web. The effects of
angled cuts will cause problems in subsequent operations.

IA3.0 Perforations I
A3.1 0 bject ives

Perforations serve the single purpose of allowing a sheet of paper to be
torn into more than one uniform piece. This is accomplished by
selectively weakening certain areas of the sheet by punching holes or
cutting slits in the sheet. After perforation, the sheet should still be
strong enough to stay in one piece during normal handling, but weak
enough along the perforation to tear smoothly without ragged or crooked
edges.
A3.2 Reference Edges - Aligning/Leading

The bottom, left, and right edges on a M ICR-encoded document are the
reference edges. Processing equipment is designed to detect M ICR
encoding within specific distances from these edges. It is therefore
critical that perforations on the reference edges be accurate. It is also
critical that the edge left by the perforation tear be smooth and uniform. A
ragged edge can cause a document to jump or bounce and m isread or
hang up on other documents, causing jams and m is-feeds.
A3.3 Methods
Perforations can be accomplished on virtually any piece of equipment
than can deliver paper in consistent register. Perforating is basically a die-
cutting operation with very critical register. Below are some common
methods and considerations.
A3.3.1 Wheels
Perforation wheels are used with any system that provides a continuous
stream of stock to perforate. This includes roll and sheeted stock. The
perforation wheel is a round knife with slots or notches in it that form the
“ties” in the perforation. The knife cuts through the stock against an
anvil. This method is very accurate and efficient but works only in the
machine direction. For cross-machine perforations, other methods must
be used.
A3.3.2 Blades
Perforation blades are strips of metal with one edge sharpened and
notched. The strip is mounted in a chase, die, cylinder, or any other
lockup device that will hold the blade firmly as it is brought in contact with
the stock. An anvil opposes the blade to make the cut in the stock.
Perforation blades can be used to make machine and cross-machine
perforations depending on the equipment used.
APPENDIX A - 6 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990)

A3.3.3 Press vs. Collator vs. Offline

When to perforate can be a bigger question than how to perforate. The
most efficient and accurate perforation method is performed in-line with
the encoding process. This eliminates the need for an additional pass to
perform perforations and reduces the possibility that a misregistered
sheet will cause mis-reads when the documents are later processed in a
reader/sorter. On those occasions when it is not possible to perform all of
the operations in a single pass, perforations can sometimes be made
using the same press used for encoding. The gripper margins and guide
sides on the stock will be the same for both passes and accuracy will be
enhanced.
Multiple-part documents requiring common perforations can be

perforated during collation in the bindery, but special care must be given
to registration. Sheet-fed collators are not equipped to hold critical
register, and reader/sorter misreads can be a result. Special equipment
has been developed for the sole purpose of performing perforations
offline.
In general, the principles are similar for all methods except for perforations
inserted at the delivery of a continuous form collator. In this instance the
perforation is made through the entire multiple-part set. These
perforations are usually made with large ties to prevent premature
bursting of the set. Large ties tend to leave large clumps of fibers on the
perforation edge which can cause mis-feeds in high-speed processing
equipment. Forms manufacturers should try to keep these ties as small
as possible. Off line perforation procedures carry the risk of waste due to
misfeeding or spoilage. In the case of sequentially encoded documents,
make-ups can be difficult. If perforations are performed before the
encoding step, care must be taken that the sheet is not so weakened
that it cannot withstand the rigors of the paper delivery system.

A3.4 Paper and Strength Considerations

Three factors govern perforation strength:
1) Paper Strength
2) Tie Width
3) Ties Per Inch
Paper strength is affected by all factors of paper production including

basis weight, sheet formation, fiber content, and grade. Although a low-
grade perforation can be put on high-grade paper, a high-grade
perforation is virtually impossible on low-grade paper. One significant
paper strength consideration affecting all paper is grain direction. As the
paper is made, it is stronger in the grain long (machine) direction than in
the grain short (cross-machine) direction. Because the strength in the
perforation comes from the ties, the same perforation has different
performance in the two directions on the sheet of paper. Perforations
running in both directions on the same sheet generally require different
perforations to provide the same tearing performance.
The tie must be torn for the perforation to work; therefore, the thinner the
tie, the easier it is to tear an individual tie. The strength of the perforation
is also dependent on a third factor - ties per inch. As the ties per inch
are increased, more paper must be torn to separate the perforation.
Therefore, a thick tie perforation with few ties per inch could have the
same strength as a thin tie perforation with many ties per inch. The
difference in the perforation is that the thicker tie leaves a larger clump of
fibers attached to the edge of the sheet. A balance must be struck
among tie width, tie count, and grain direction to provide smooth even
tears on all reference edges.
Although there are potentially significant variations in the structure of the

perforations used on a sheet, the paper that is used as check stock is
expected to meet the requirements of ANSI Standard X9.18.

1A4.0 Font Considerations I
A4.1 Fonts and Appearance

In many printing systems, the user has a choice of only one font for the
text areas (i.e., the non-MICR portions) of the check. The use of modern
technology can expand the number of choices, depending upon the
capabilities of the system. Depending upon the nature of the printing
systems, this flexibility may also include generation of the MICR line.
More choices can make it more difficult to ensure that specifications are
not violated. The principal specifications that must be considered in the
selection of fonts relate to the Convenience Amount field, the Check
Endorsement area, and the printing of the MICR line. If the user has a
choice of the fonts, it is expected that the selection will be influenced by
the ease of readability of the font. The user should follow reasonable
practices in the choice of fonts for the data fields on the check. Although
technology offers the ability to inhibit alteration through the use of
reverse printing (white on black) and shaded fonts, such unusual fonts
should be used only when the readability of the document does not
suffer.
The fonts used for the printing of the MICR line are expected to meet the
requirements of ANSI Standard X9.27, and the placement of the MICR
line is expected to meet the requirements of ANSI Standard X9.13.
A4.2 Non-Impact Printing Systems

Because non-impact printing systems generate their character images
through the use of high-resolution dot images, there is significant
flexibility in the design of the available fonts. Even if it is possible for the
user to alter the structure of the fonts, it is strongly suggested that the
manufacturer’s fonts not be modified based on a whim or supposition that
a change would be beneficial.
Designing a font for any printing process requires a full knowledge of the
process variations that may occur during the service cycle of the printing
equipment: Although a font change may appear to have a beneficial
result during an initial test, the change may cause problems during long-
term production periods.
MICR fonts that are produced as a generic product, without reference to a

specific manufacturer’s printer, should be viewed with great suspicion.
Such fonts may be acceptable, but their viability must be tested before
opting for widespread, general usage.
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) APPENDIX A - 9

APPENDIX A - 10 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X0 ! To-? (1990)

Index
Cashiers Check 4-1; 9-9

A Cents
Amount 6-6
Page Format
Fraction 3-6,7; 38-j
Acceptable Variations 9-l Characters
Account Ornate 3-7
Holder 6-13 script 3-7
Number 6-11, 16, 17 Check 4-l
Tile 61,ll; 8-3 Aligning Edge
Accredited Standards Committee X9 2-l Alteration 63230
Advertising 3-9; 9-12 Amount 3-l
Aligning Edge 3-3; 4-1 Areas 6-2
Alteration 3-7; 6-20 Back 3-3; 6-21
American National Standards Institute l-l ; 2-l Background 2-1; 3-2
Amount Borders 6-19
Alteration Business 1-1; 4-1; 6-15, 21; 8-l
Convenience 3-l; 6-4; :I: Cashiers 4-1; 9-9
Field 3-11; 61,4, 16 Center Panel 9-6
Legal 3-1; 8-2 Continuous Form 4-l
Symbol 3-11; 6-16 Creasing 3-10
Approval, Document Design Decorations 6-18
Area Designator ;I; Depository Transfer 9-5
ASC X9B Committee 6-15 Design Faults 3-9
Asterisks 3-7; 6-5 Dividend 9-l
Automated Processing 6-15 Dollar Amount 9-12
Auxiliary On-Us 3-11; 615,17 Endorsement 2-1; 3-3
Folding 3-l 0
Government
Handling 3%
B Insurance 9-1,8
Machine Printed
Page 3%
Mutilation
Number 6-1, 16
Background 4-1; 10-l
Official 9-9
Check One-Write 9-5
Designs 6% Paper Specifications 2-1
Bank Specification Form 6-17, 23
Payment Advice 9-l
Basis Weight 5-l
Pegboard 9-1,s
Bond Paper l-l ; 4-1; 6-15, 21; 7-l
6-19; 1::: Personal
Borders g-1,5
l-l ; 4-1; 6-15,21; 8-l Pre-Authorized
Business Check Preparation 3-5
Processing 1-1; 3-l
Protector Printing 6-6
C Rebate 9-l 2
Scenic 3-2; 43; 6-18
Page Self-Mailer 9-l 2
Serial 6-13; 8-3; 9-12
Carbon Band 9-5 Simplified 6-2
Carbonless Paper 5-l Size 5-1; 7-l
Cardstock, Tabulating 5-l Standards l-l
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) INDEX - 1

INDEX
Check - continued Dollar

Stapled 3-10 Amount 9-12
Tab Card 9-l Sign 6-20; 7-l
Tellers 4-3; 9-9 Dot-Matrix Pdnter 3-7
Trailing Edge 3-3 Drawee Institution 6-1, 10, 11,16, 17;
Uniform Design l-l 8-3; 95,9
Variations l-1; 5-1
Voucher Style 8-3
Window Envelope 9-l
Cheque, Travelers 4-3; 9-11 E
Clear Band, M ICR -
Color Copiers 6% Page
Common
Format, Date 6-3 E13-B Font 3-11
Problems 3-5 Edge
Complicated Design 3-1 Aligning 4-l
Computer Check Printing 10-l Leading 4-2
Continuous Form 4-l Trailing 4-3
Contrast Changes Electronic Image 3-2
Control Information ;:; Embossment 4-l
Convenience Amount 2-1; 3-1,7,9; 4-1; Endorsement 3-3; 6-21; 9-8; 10-l
64,16; 7-l ; 8-1,2; A-9 Target
Convenience Amount, Interference 6-3 Signature ;:I
Corporate Image Target 3-3; 6-21
Correctable Ribbons ;:; EPC Field 4-l; 6-15
Counterfeiting 6-20 Eradication 6-20
Countersignature 4-3; 9-l 1 Erasable Inks 3-5
Creasing 3-10 Extraneous Material 3-9
Customer Information 6-11; 7-2 External Processing Code Field 4-l ; 6-l 5
Cutting A-4
F
D
Page
Page
Facsimile Signature 8-3; 9-l 1
Dash, Symbol 3-l 1 Federal Reserve District 6-14
Data Element Locations 3-l Financial Services 2-1
Data Elements Finishing 1 o-2
Data Separation i:: First Endorsement 3-3
Date 6-1; 7-1; 8~1 Fixed Decorations 6-18
Common Format Flexography
Location :I; Folding 3%
M ilitary Format 6-3 Font
Numeric Format 6-3 Considerations A-9
Debossment M ICR 3-l 1
Decorations 6-18; 9f.i: Forged Signature 3-3
Fixed 6-18 Format
Variable 6-19 Cents 3-7
Depository Transfer Check 9-5 Problems 3-8
Design Faults Forms
Dividend Check ;:y Preprinted 10-l
Document Damage - User-Printed 10-l
Document Design 6-1; 58-i Fractional Notation, Cents 6-5
Fractional Routing Number 6-14, 16
Funds, Insufficient 3-3
INDEX - 2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

INDEX
G M
Page Page
Government Checks 4-1 Magnetic Ink Character Recognition 2-1

Grain Magnetic Material 5-2
Direction 5-1 Magnetic Printing 4-2
Long 5-1 Makers Records 6-l 2
Gravure A-l Memo/For Line 6-1, 12; 7-2
Guillotine Cutter A-4 Memo/Remit To 8-3
MICR 4-2
Area 6-9
Clear Band 4-2; 5-2
H Font 3-l 1
Line 6-1, 15
Page Printing 2-l
Microfilm Image 3-2
Halftone Printing 4-1 Military Format, Date 6-3
Misplaced Data 3-10
Moisture Content 10-2
Money Order 4-2
I Multiple Signatures 6-9
Mutilation 3-10
Page
image 3-9
Electronic 3-2 N
Microfilm 3-2
Impact Printing 10-3 Page
Ink-Jet Endorsement 3-3
Institution of First Deposit 3-3; 6-21 Neatness and Accuracy 3-3
Insufficient Funds 3-3 Negotiable Instrument 6-12
Insurance Check 9-1, 8 Non-amount Numbers 3-9
lntaglio Printing 4-2,3; 9-l 1 Non-Impact Printer 3-7
Non-Impact Printing 10-3; A-2
Number Assignment 6-14
Number Machines A-l
L Numeric Format, Date 6-3
Page
Leading Edge 0
Left-Justified 3:;
Legal Page
Amount 3-1, 7; 4-2; 6-1,5; 7-1; 8-2
Significance 6-12 Official Check 9-9
Legibility Impact 3-2 Offset Lithography . A-2
Letterpress A-l On-Us
Line Printer 3-7 Field 3-11; 6-16, 17
Lithography A-l, 2 Symbol 3-11; 6-17
Location, Unconventional 3-7 Ornate Characters 3-7
Long Grain
Low Reflectivity 5:;
Low-Contrast 6-5
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) INDEX - 3

INDEX
P R
Page Page
Paper Rand McNally Company 6-14
Basis Weight 5-l; 10-2 Rebate Check 9-l 2
Carbonless 5-1 Records, Maker’s 6-l 2
Characteristics 10-2 Reference Edges A-6
Grades 5-l Reflectance 3-2,9; 4-2,3; 6-19,21
Grain Direction 5-l; 10-2 Repair Costs 6-l 7
Moisture Content 10-2 Restrictive Legends 3-l 0
Safety 6-20 Ribbon Encoders A-l
Smoothness 5-1 Ribbon Encoding A-2
Strength A-8 Routing Field 6-16
Patterned Background 3-2 Routing Number 4-3; 6-l
Patterns 43; 6-19 Fractional 6-14, 16
Payee 3-3; 6-1,21; 7-l; 8-2 Routing, Field 3-l 1
Area 6-7 Rub Sensitive 6-20
Area Limits 6-8
Endorsement 3-3, 6
Line 4-2; 9-11
Payment Advice Check 9-l S
Payment Document 4-1, 2
PCS 6-19, 20 Page
Pegboard Check g-1,5
Pencils 3-5 gmpper 5-l; 6-20
Perforations A-6 6-19
Personal Check l-l; 4-l; 6-1521; 7-l Scenic Check 3-2,9; 43; 6-18
Personal Image 3-9 Script Characters 3-7
Physical Security 4-3 Security
Pre-Authorized Check g-1,5 Features 6-20
Preprinted Data 6-20 Physical 4-3
Preprinted Forms 10-l Self-Mailer Check 9-12
Print Contrast Signal 4-2 Serial Number 6-13; 8-3; 9-12
Print Quality 10-3 Shades 4-3
Printed Information 4-2 Sheeting A-5
Printer Short Grain 5-l
Adjustment 3-7 Signature 3-3; 6-1; 7-2; 8-1,3; g-5,11
Problems 3-8 Area 6-9
Software 1o-2 Forged 3-3
Printing Multiple 6-9
Halftone 4-l Simplified Check 6-2
lntaglio 4-3 Slitting A-5
Magnetic 4-2 Smoothness 5-l
Methods A-l Solid Printing 4-3
Processing Information 6-l 6 Specification Form 6-17, 23
Protection, Asterisks 6-5 Specifications
Purchaser Line 9-l 1 Background 2-1
Convenience Amount 2-l
Endorsements 2-l
MICR 2-l
Paper 2-l
Standards, References 2-l
Staples 3-l 0
INDEX - 4 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

INDEX
W
Page Page
Tab Card Check 9-l Window Envelope Check 9-l

Tabulating Cardstock 5-l
Target 3-3
Endorsement 6-21
Tellers Check 4-3; 9-9 X
Tints 6-19
Trailing Edge 3-3; 4-3 Page
Transaction Details 3-9
Transit, Symbol 3-11; 6-16 x9
Travelers Cheque 4-3; 9-l 1 x9.3 2-l ; 3-3; 6-18,21; 9-6; I::
x9.7 2-l ; 3-2,9; 4-2,3; 6-4,5,15,19,20;
8-2; 9-12; 10-l ; A-4
x9.13 2-l ; 3-11; 5-2; 6-l 5, 16, 19;
U 8-3; g-1,11; 10-3; A-4,9
X9.18 2-l ; 5-l; 8-l; 9-12
Page x9.27 2-l ; 3-l 1; 4-2; 5-2; 6-15,19;
1 o-3; A-9
Ultra-Violet Ink 6-20
Unconventional
Format 3-l 0
Location 3-7
User-Printed Forms 10-l
USPS Requirements 8-3
V
Page
Variable Decorations 6-l 9
Variations, Acceptable 9-l
Voucher Style Check 8-3
UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990) INDEX - 5

x5
Accredited Standards Committee X9 - Financial Services
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION
1120 Connecticut Avenue, N.W
Washington, D.C. 20036
(600) 336-0626
(202) 663-5067

X9+TG 2 1995

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Financial Services Technical Publication

VDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING

Published by the X9 Secretariat, American Bankers Association,

This Technical Guideline is a product of the Accredited Standards

In addition to easing some of the stresses currently imposed on the

A special note of appreciation is extended to:

Mr. Glenn K. L. Mulligan, XEROX Corporation

for their extra efforts in bringing this document to print.

UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) Ill

The members of the ASC X9B Working Group 4 were:

Dennis Yarian, Chairman

Organization Represented Representative

The members of ASC X9 at the time of approval of this document were:

Robert Kaminski, Chairman Cynthia Fuller, Secretariat

Organization Represented Representative

IV UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

Organization Represented Representative

American Bank Stationery Company Tom Kneeshaw

Production facilities for the generation of the document were provided

UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990) V

(This page has been left blank.)

VI UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

1.0 Introduction l-l

2.0 References 2-l

3.0 General 3-l

4.0 Definitions 4-l

5.0 Design Principles 5-l

6.0 Data Elements 6-l

UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990) VII

6.12 Decorations 6-18

7.0 Personal Check 7-l

9. Acceptable Variations 9-1

VIII UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 ! TG-2 (1990)

9.6 insurance Claim Style 9-8

10. Computer Check Printing 10-l

Appendix A Production Processes

Al Printing Methods A-l

A4 Font Considerations A-9

UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) IX

3-l Confusion vs. Organization 3-1

6-1 Simplified Check Structure 6-2

a-i Typical Voucher-style Business Check a-4

9-1 80-Column Tab Card Check 9-2

A-l Commercial Printing Method Characteristics A-3

X UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

Basic fundamental considerations that relate to the

Specific supplementary information for the given type of check.

Helpful overview considerations that will be important in the

Personal Check 3 6.1 6.12

UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) XI

(This page has been left blank.)

XII UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990)

1.1 ScoDe and Purpose

UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 I TG-2 (1990) 1 -1

1-2 UNDERSTANDING AND DESIGNING CHECKS - X9 / TG-2 (1990)

Specifications for Check Endorsements - ANSI X9.3 (1989).

Specifications for Bank Check Background and Convenience