The length of an arc is

■ Area
θ of a sector B
s= × 2πr
360
By a very similar argument to that for the length
ofwhere r iswe
an arc, thecan
radius of thea circle
obtain formula θ isthe
andfor angleofsubtended at the centre. sector
thearea
a sector:
Since
WORKEDthe ratio of the area
EXAMPLE of a sector, A, to the
14.1 r A
Example 1
area of the circle will be the same as the ratio of
θFind the length
to 360º, of theus:
this gives arc AB in the circle shown.
B
A = θ
πr2 360 A
Rearranging gives the formula for the area of a sector (when θ is measured in degrees):
50° 4 cm
KEY POINT 14.2
The area of a sector is

A = θ × πr 2
360
where r is the radius of the circle and θ is the angle subtended at the centre.


WORKED EXAMPLE 14.2 s = θ × 2 πr
Example 2 360
Find = θarea
Use s the × 2of
πrthe sector AOB in the circle shown. = 50 × 2π × 4
360 360
B
A = 3.49 cm

40° 10 cm

14 Applications and interpretation: Geometry

You met
WORKED EXAMPLE 14.3 A = θ × πr 2
the sine Exampe 3 360
rule, cosine
and area of a
The A = θ ×shows
Usediagram = 40
πr 2 a sector of a circle with radius 8 cmAand angle 40°.
× 10 2π
360 360
le formula in For the shaded region, find: B
on 5B. = 34.9 cm 2
a the perimeter

b the area.
40°
If you are studying the Mathematics: applications and interpretation HL course you
are using sin θ, will meet another unit for measuring angles, called radians. When8 cmusing this unit, the
r tan θ with θ formulae for the arc length and area of a sector are slightly different.
ees, make sure A
alculator is set
will often need
You to combine the results for arc length and area of sector with the
ee mode. s = θfor×triangles.
2 πr to
a s = 40 × 2 π × 8 = 5.585
results Use
you know
360
360
find the arc length

By cosine rule,
Use the cosine rule to find
the length of the chord AB. AB2 = 82 + 82 − 2 × 8 × 8 cos 40°
Make sure your calculator = 29.946
is in degree mode
So, AB = 5.472
Hence,
The perimeter of the shaded
region is the length of the arc p = 5.585 + 5.472
plus the length of the chord
= 11.1 cm
Use A = θ × πr 2 to find b Area of sector = 40 × 82 π = 22.34
360
the area of the sector
360

1 ab sin C with
Use A =
2
a = b = r and C = θ to find Area of triangle = 1 × 82 sin 40° = 20.57
2
the area of the triangle

The area of the shaded region

is the area of the sector minus A = 22.34 − 20.57
the area of the triangle
= 1.77 cm 2
14A Arcs and sectors 347

Exercise 14A
For questions 1 to 3, use the methods demonstrated in Worked Examples 14.1 and 14.2 to find the length of the arc AB
that subtends the given angle, and the area of the corresponding sector.
1 a b
B
B

40° 65°
5 cm A 8 cm
A

2 a
B b B

100° 120°
4 cm 7 cm
A
A
3 a A b
A
8 cm
5 cm
240° 290°

B
B
For questions 4 to 6, use the methods demonstrated in Worked Example 14.3 to find the area and the perimeter of the
shaded region.
4 a B b B

70° 50°

12 cm 9 cm

A A

5 a B b B

105°
120°
10 cm
5 cm
A
A
348 14 Applications and interpretation: Geometry

6 a b

B 160° A B A
145°
12 cm 3 cm

7 The diagram shows a sector AOB of a circle of radius 8 cm. The angle of the centre B
of the sector is 35º.
Find the perimeter and the area of the sector. 35°
8 cm
A
8 A circle has centre O and radius 6.2 cm. Point A and B lie on the circumference of the circle so that the arc AB
subtends an angle of 140º at the centre of the circle. Find the perimeter and the area of the sector AOB.
9 An arc of a circle has length 12.3 cm and subtends an angle of 70º at the centre of the circle. Find the radius of
the circle.
10 The diagram shows a sector of a circle of radius 5 cm. The length of the arc AB is 7 cm. B
a Find the value of θ.
b Find the area of the sector.
θ 7 cm

5 cm

A
11 A circle with centre O has radius 23 cm. Arc AB subtends angle θ at the centre of the circle.
Given that the area of the sector AOB is 185 cm 2, find the value of θ.
12 A sector of a circle has area 326 cm 2 and an angle at the centre of 155º. Find the radius of the circle.
13 The diagram shows a sector of a circle. The area of the sector is 87.3 cm 2.
a Find the radius of the circle.
b Find the perimeter of the sector.

74.5º 87.3 cm2

14 The figure shown in the diagram consists of a rectangle and a sector of a circle.
Calculate the area and the perimeter of the figure.

51.6°

5 cm

7 cm

15 The diagram shows a sector of a circle.

The perimeter of the sector is 26 cm. Find the radius of the circle.

103º

14B Voronoi diagrams 349

16 A sector of a circle has area 18 cm 2 and perimeter 30 cm. Find the possible values of the radius of the circle.
17 A circle has centre O and radius 8 cm. Chord PQ subtends angle 50º at the centre. Find the difference between the
length of the arc PQ and the length of the chord PQ.
B
18 The arc AB of a circle of radius 12 cm subtends an angle of 40º at the centre.
Find the perimeter and the area of the shaded region.
40º

12 cm
A

19 The diagram shows two circular sectors with angle 60º at the centre. The radius
of the smaller circle is 15 cm and the radius of the larger circle is x cm larger.
x cm
Find the value of x so that the area of the shaded region is 16.5π cm 2.

15 cm
60º

20 A piece of paper has a shape of a circular sector with radius

r cm and angle θ. The paper is rolled into a cone with
height 22 cm and base radius 8 cm.
Find the values of r and θ. θ r cm

22 cm

8 cm

21 Two identical circles each have radius 8 cm. They overlap in such a way that the
centre of each circle lies on the circumference of the other, as shown in the diagram.
Find the perimeter and the area of the shaded region. C1 C2
8 cm

14B Voronoi diagrams

B ■ Perpendicular bisectors
M
The perpendicular bisector of the line segment connecting points A and B is the line
A
which is perpendicular to AB and passes through its midpoint.
All the points on the perpendicular bisector are the same distance from A as from B.

You learned KEY POINT 14.3

about
gradients of For a line segment AB with gradient m and midpoint M, the perpendicular bisector that
perpendicular lines passes through M has gradient − 1 .
m
in Chapter 4.