NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus II, Bajumpandan, Dumaguete City

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

(Mid-Term Exam (Second Sem. A.Y 2021-2022)

(FORENSIC 2) PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES

MULTIPLE CHOICE (2 POINTS EACH)

Instruction: From the given choices, select and underline the letter of the best answer for each of the
following questions/statements.

1.) A fingerprint is the arrangement of skin ridges and furrows on the tips of the fingers. This
ridged skin develops fully during _________________ as the skin cells grow in the mother’s
womb.
a. fetal development c. a & b
b. after birth d. adolescence
2.) Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of __________________. The ability
to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the light against crime.
a. personal identification b. apprehension of criminals
b. negative identification d. detection of criminals
3.) No matter which way you collect fingerprint evidence, every single person’s print is
________. So, what makes our fingerprints different from our neighbors?
a. unique c. non-permanent
b. changeable d. b & c
4.) The ridges’ structures changes at points known as minutiae and can be either bifurcated or
of short length or two ridges can end on a single point.
a. furrows c. friction skin
b. minutiae d. a & b
5.) Is a point on the first ridge formation found at or directly infront of and nearest the center of
the divergence of the type lines.
a. core c. pattern area
b. delta d. none of these
6.) As the name implies, is the approximate center of the finger impression.
a. delta c. typelines
b. core d. sufficient recurve
7.) Is one flows in one side of the print and then does a recurve of U-turn and flows back out the
same side of the print.
a. Converging ridges c. divergence
b. recurving ridge d. none of these
8.) The study of the uniqueness of friction ridge structures and their use for personal
identification.
a. dactyloscopy c. ridgeology
b. dactylography d. podoscopy
9.) In 1882, at Paris, France, Alphonse Bertillon became head of the identification service in the
office of the Prefect of Police and he spread a new system of identification called;
a. portrait parle c. anthropometry
 b. mugshot d. none of these
10.) This method is known by the French name of Portrait Parle which means
“_____________”. The Portrait Parle method did find widespread use.
a. invisible c. word picture
b. latent d. b & c
11.) There are no two fingerprints in the world that are exactly alike. What it means is, of course,
that no two fingers, out of all the millions that have been examined through their prints;
a. fingerprints are not unique c. have ever been found to be alike
b. fingerprints can change throughout life d. none of these
12.) Nature never duplicates anything in all its details. Nature does provide SIMILAR things, but
not _________ things.
a. the same things c. disputable things
b. repeated things d. identical things
13.) The first use of fingerprints for forensic purposes in police investigations dates to 1892,
when _______________, an Argentine police official, used fingerprints to identify a criminal for
the first time.
a. Johannes E. Purkinje c. Herman Welker
b. Sir William Herschel d. Juan Vucetich
14.) Forensic use of fingerprints spread rapidly during the 20th century, and by 1971 the FBI
had _____________ fingerprint cards on file. These became the database for the Automated
Fingerprint Identification System.
a. 100 million c. 180 million
b. 150 million d. 200 million
15.) The earliest known use of fingerprints for identification was in China. Prints were placed on
contracts to provide a positive means of identification.
a. Persia, c. Egypt
b. Greece Egypt d. China
16.) A professor at the University of Bologna, Italy used a microscope for the first time to
examine friction skin and made observations as to its culture.
a. Sir Edward Henry c. Marcello Malphighi
b. Francis Galton d. None of these
17.) A German anthropologist at the University of Halle conducted the first study into the
permanence of the details of friction ridges. The study took 34 years.
a. Dr. Harris Welder c. Bret Wentworth
b. Herman Welker d. b & c
18.) A medical doctor and scientific researcher of Scottish descent, stated that fingerprints found
at crime scenes, such as prints in blood, could be used to identify criminals. He also made
observations of the uniqueness and permanence of fingerprints.
a. Dr. Henry Faulds c. Dr. Michio Okajima
b. Edmond Locard d. None of these
19.) In 1890’s _____________, a noted scientist and anthropologist, who specialized in
genetics, human heredity, and biological variation, wrote the first book on fingerprints, entitled
Finger Prints.
a. Herman Welker c. Alphonse Bertillon
b. Sir Francis Galton d. a & b
20.) Sir Edward Henry developed a fingerprint classification system for the storage and retrieval
of complete sets of fingerprints in;
a. 1890 c. 1897
b. 1892 d. 1900
21.) In ______ , the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) established the FBI Identification
Bureau with 810,000 inked fingerprint cards.
a. 1904 c. 1918
b. 1911 d. 1924
22.) In 1943 _______________________, both a professors of Anatomy at Tulane University,
authored the text, Fingerprints, Palms and Soles. Their text details that all areas of friction skin
are unique and permanent.
a. Dr. Harold Cummings and Charles Midlo c. Edmond Locard and Alfred Hale
b. Dr. Harris welder and Bret Wentworth d. Sir Edward Henry and Juan Vucetich
23.) In _______, the first automated fingerprint identification systems (AFIS) were developed.
By the mid 1980’s, AFIS were well established in law enforcement agencies throughout the
world.
a. 1940’s c. 1960’s
b. 1950’s d. 1970’s
24.) In 1980 to present __________________ of Marquette University has studied the formation
of friction skin and he testified that all areas of friction skin, including individual ridge units, are
unique.
a. Sir Alec Jeffreys c. Dr. Michio Okajima
b. Dr. William Babler d. None of these
25.) Is one made by pressing an inked finger directly down upon a fingerprint card without any
rolling motion whatsoever. It will record only the center portion of the friction ridge pattern.
a. plain impression c. latent impression
b. rolled impression d. patent impression
26.) On ___________, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation launched the Integrated
Automated Fingerprint Identification System, or IAFIS. It is a national fingerprint and criminal
history system that contains data on 70 million subjects in the criminal master file.
a. July 28, 1998 c. July 28, 1999
b. August 28, 1999 d. March 28, 1999
27.) Is a forensic process that involves extracting DNA from the nucleus of cells and comparing
the tiny differences between DNA found on evidence and any suspects. The technique uses
results to prove whether people are guilty or innocent.
a. DNA fingerprinting c. Foot prints
b. Fingerprint d. a & b
28.) In 1984, _________________ at the University of Leicester in England was able to
distinguish differences among individuals based solely on their DNA composition.
a. Sir Edward Henry c. Sir Alec Jeffreys
b. Francis Galton d. J.C. Mayer
29.) An advantage of fingerprint identification method is that the fingerprints pattern remains
same for a person through out his/her life, making it an _______________________ of human
identification.
a. fallible method c. positive method
b. infallible method d. none of these
30.) Fingerprints on ___________________ (such as soap, wax, wet paint, fresh caulk, etc.) are
likely to be three-dimensional plastic prints.
a. soft surfaces c. plain surfaces
b. hard surfaces d. rough surfaces
31.) A print that can be found on a wide variety of surfaces: smooth or rough, porous (such as
paper, cloth or wood) or nonporous (such as metal, glass or plastic).
a. latent prints c. patent prints
b. visible prints d. none of these
32.) Are collected using a fairly straightforward method: photography. These prints are
photographed in high resolution with a forensic measurement scale in the image for reference.
a. latent prints c. visible prints
b. patent prints d. semi-visible prints
33.) The _______________ is that part of a loop or whorl in which appear the cores, deltas,
and ridges with which we are concerned in classifying.
a. pattern area c. divergence
b. typelines d. bifurcation
34.) It may be defined as the two innermost ridges which start parallel, diverge, and surround
or tend to surround the pattern area.
a. converging ridge c. typelines
b. diverging ridge d. none of these
35.) A _______________ is the spreading apart of two lines which have been running
parallel or nearly parallel.
a. divergence c. abrupt ending ridge
b. bifurcation d. meeting of two ridges
36.) Is that type of fingerprint pattern in which one or more of the ridges enter on either side
of the impression, recurve, touch or pass an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core,
and terminate or tend to terminate on or toward the same side of the impression from whence
such ridge or ridges entered.
a. Arch c. whorl
b. Loop d. composite
37.) In this pattern a consistency of flow can be observed. It starts on one side of the finger and
the ridge then slightly cascades upward. This almost resembles a wave out on the ocean and
then the arch continues its journey along the finger to the other side.
a. ulnar loops c. tented arch
b. radial loops d. plain arch
38.) These are named after a bone in the forearm called ulna. This bone is on the same side as
the little finger and the flow of this pattern runs from the thumb towards the little finger of the
hand.
a. radial loops c. plain whorl
b. ulnar loops d. accidental whorl
39.) It has two distinct and separate shoulders for each core, two deltas and one or more ridges
that make a complete circuit.
a. composite whorl c. double loop whorl
b. accidental whorl d. none of these
40.) These whorls consist of at least one re-curving ridge or an obstruction at right angles to the
line of flow with two deltas and if an imaginary line is drawn in between then no re-curving ridge
within the pattern area will be touched or cut.
a. central pocket loop whorl c. accidental whorl
b. plain whorl d. double loop whorl
TEST II: FILL IN THE BLANK (2 POINTS EACH)

1) Figure 155 is a plain arch because it is readily seen that the apparent upthrust A is a
continuation of the curving ridge B. Figure 156 is a ___ tented arch___because ridge A is an
independent upthrust, and not a continuation of ridge B.
 

2.) Figures 157 and 158 are ____ plain arches____ . Figure 158 cannot be said to be a
looping ridge, because by definition a loop must pass out or tend to pass out upon the side
from which it entered. This apparent loop passes out upon the opposite side and cannot be
said to tend to flow out upon the same side.

3.) In figure 20, with the dot as the delta, the first ridge count is ridge C. If the dot were not
present, point B on ridge C would be considered as the delta and the first count would be
ridge D. The lines X—X and Y—Y are the ___type lines___ , not X—A and Y—Z. 
4.) In figure 26, the bifurcation at E is closer to the core than the bifurcation at D. However, E
is not immediately in front of the divergence of the type lines and it  does not open toward the
core. A—A and B—B are the only possible type lines in this sketch and it follows, therefore,
that the bifurcation at D must be called the _delta_. The first ridge count would be ridge C.

5.) A problem of this type is shown in figure 27. The dot, A, and the bifurcation are equally
close to the divergence of the type lines, but the _ bifurcation_ is selected as the delta. The
ridges marked "T" are the type lines.

6.) If the ridge enters the pattern area from a point below the divergence of the type lines,
however, the delta must be located at the end nearer the _ core isolation_. Ridge A in figure
30 is of this type.
7.) In figure 31, A—A and B—B are the type lines, with the _ dot_ as the delta. The
bifurcations cannot be considered as they do not open toward the core.

8.) Figure 62 shows a ridge entering on one side of the impression, recurving, and passing
beyond an imaginary line drawn from the delta to the core. After passing the imaginary line,
the recurving ridge does not terminate on the side of the impression from which it entered,
but it has a tendency to do so, and the pattern is, therefore, a __ loop __.

9.) In figure 66, we have a print which is similar in many respects to the one described in the
preceding paragraph, but here the recurving ridge A continues and tends to terminate on
the opposite side of the impression from which it entered. For this reason the pattern is not a
loop, but a __ tented arch __.
10.) In a __ double loop __ or accidental the problem of where to stop tracing is sometimes
presented. The rule is, when the tracing passes inside of the right delta, stop at the nearest
point to the right delta on the upward trend, as in figure 294.

Prepared by:

TIRSO C. ALAS-AS, MSCJ

Instructor