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‫ﻰﻐ۔‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺘﺳﻞ ِﻓﻴﮩﺎ واﺤﻛﺒ ِﻴﻦﻴ ِﻣﻦ ﻏ ِ‬
‫ﺮﻴ ﻧ ٍ‬
‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ 8‬ﺠُﺜ ِّﺒ َ‬ ‫ٰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ََْ‬ ‫ََ َ & َ ََ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﮧ ﻓﺆادکَ‬ ‫اﺣﺪ ‪ًn‬ﺓ ﻛﺬ ِﻟ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻦ ﻛﻔ ُﺮوا ﻟﻮﻻ ﻧ ِّﺰل ﻋﻠﻴ ِﮧ اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻤﺟﻞ ً‪n‬ﺓ َو ِ‬ ‫ا'‬
‫وﻗﺎل ِ‬
‫&َْ َ ً‬
‫َو َرﺗﻠﻨﺎہُ ﺗ ْﺮ ِﻳﻴﻼ>‪jyiÙ®(f‬‬
‫(‪Ù·ðÜþÛt*Ì;2‬‬
‫‬
‫(‪N ³Wp2‬‬ ‫‪ 2À(ÝgñÝ‬‬
‫=(‪ Ó(G0*£³:q(b-13h,(;C‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪D‬‬ ‫( ‪ n jp * @ ±(f 3( g I/ \ ð n ¯°‬‬
‫(‪ ,( " 2‬‬ ‫(‪ " 2‬‬
‫‪ M‬‬
‫*=(‪jO39àf>*NO1+((Ë(Ë‬‬
‫‪jÐ(f>*Ød/‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪&(n3(Ý‬‬
‫‪jOéêi èf>*gN"d/‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ n!(3±(3(Ý‬‬
‫(‪"2‬‬
‫‪jãäd f>*N:É#dh/‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪&(nÝ‬‬
‫(‪j ¡(Ð(~(f>*(q(=*'%(3$Ï"2‬‬
‫‪ n3(Ý‬‬
‫&َْ َ ً‬
‫َو َرﺗﻠﻨﺎہُ ﺗ ْﺮ ِﻳﻴﻼ ‪ T`(ö>(q(=*$Ï:/ nMN³WÚt&'x‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪±(>@(A("3ð‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪{'&,(mH`/‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪£H'FRSW&2(M‬‬
‫‪>N)W(S3"RS‬‬
‫
‪٢٠٢٢ /‬ء ______________ ‪11‬‬
‫___________________________________‬
‫`‪h,(5,*H‬‬ ‫(‪ (+;CMh@(A‬‬
‫‪ */(+‬‬ ‫‬ ‫(§(‪*"Ú-Ì;2‬‬
‫;*‬ ‫(‪ MTmRS,(G-wåS3-](d*2‬‬
‫(‪ 3(f./¯°2‬‬ ‫‪ >³:q(b-S‬‬
‫`‪4Ñ1/‬‬ ‫`‪ :T>¡NqH=3Ì21‬‬
‫‪ */(+(+‬‬ ‫‪ *j1=09‬‬
‫` ‪2( >N - t 5 T d3S * /‬‬
‫(‪ (+ (+ M L w T RS Oú3 * 2‬‬
‫‪ >L O/‬‬
‫*‪ þ7ü[ML14Qµ(61;C:T>N(drð"-tÀÐ‬‬
‫‪(+(+‬‬
‫`‪ÙgI/4G¨xË1&(>N-t8µ;'áa(3H‬‬
‫‬
‫واﻟﺮﺘﺗﻴﻞ ﻳﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺎﻠﻜم إذا ﺎﻛن ﺣﺴﻦ اﺤﻛﺄ‪I‬ﻒ ﺑﻦﻴ ا|ﻻﻟﺔ‪ .‬واﺗﻔﻘﺖ أﻗﻮال أﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻟ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺘﺗﻴﻞ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﻟﮩﻢ‪ :‬ﺛﻐﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻞ‪ ،‬ورﺗﻞ‪ ،‬إذا ﺎﻛﻧﺖ أﺳﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﻠﺠﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻧﻮر‬
‫اﻷﻗﺤﻮان‪ .‬وﻟﻢ ﻳﻮردوا ﺷﺎﮨﺪا ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺎﻠﻛم اﻟﻌﺮب‪ .‬واﻟﺮﺘﺗﻴﻞ ﺠﻳﻮز أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﺰﻨول‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ،‬أ@ ﻧﺰﺠﺎہ ﻣﻔﺮﻗﺎ ﻣﻨﺴﻘﺎ ﻰﻓ أﻟﻔﺎﻇﻪ وﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﻏﺮﻴ ﻣﺮﺘاﻛﻢ ﻓﮩﻮ ﻣﻔﺮق ﻰﻓ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﻓﺈذا‬
‫ﻛﻤﻞ إﻧﺰال ﺳﻮرة ﺟﺎءت آﻳﺎﺗﮩﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻛﺄﻧﮩﺎ أﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻤﺟﻠﺔ واﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬وﻣﻔﺮق ﻰﻓ‬
‫اﺤﻛﺄ‪I‬ﻒ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ واﺿﺢ‪ .‬و ﻫﺬا إﺷﺎرﺓ إﻰﻟ أن ذﻟ‪ 8‬ﻣﻦ دﻻﺋﻞ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ ﻷن‬
‫ﺷﺄن ﺎﻠﻛم اﺠﺎس إذا ﻓﺮق ﺗﺄ‪I‬ﻔﻪ ﺒﻟ أزﻣﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻋﺪﺓ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻮره اﺤﻛﻔﻜ‪ 8‬وﻋﺪم ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫اﺠﻟﻤﻞ>‪j:(39(f‬‬
‫َ َ&َْ ُ َْ ً‬
‫‪ ¡(·(Â(a9‬ورﺗﻠﻨﺎہ ﺗﺮ ِﻳﻴﻼ ‪ÙgI/;<Út‬‬
‫‪>*Ot5&(n3(Ý‬‬
‫َُ َ‬ ‫َ ِّ َ‬
‫‪ِ jy{tf‬ﺠُﺜﺒﺖ ﺑ ِ ِﮧ ﻓﺆاد َ‬
‫ک‬
‫َُ َ‬ ‫‪-jyiÙ®(fÌ;aS"Ú‬ﺠُﺜَ ِّﺒ َ‬
‫ﺖ ِﺑ ِﮧ ﻓﺆادکَ‪ÙN³W[\.&'xÚt‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫`"=»‪j ¡(Ð(~(f>*È/‬‬
‫(‪ ðn&W\*2‬‬
‫‪ MqÝ‬‬
‫`"*>‪jOéêi èf‬‬ ‫‪ MÝ‬‬
‫(‪ ð&2‬‬
‫‪ÙN7&>t'xÚt[\.‬‬
‫(‪jO39àf>*gI/\ðn¯°‬‬ ‫‪ MÝ‬‬
‫(‪ "2‬‬
‫
‪٢٠٢٢ /‬ء ______________ ‪12‬‬
‫___________________________________‬
‫(‪ ðn&W\*2‬‬
‫`‬ ‫?‪ MqÝMNmÚtk>NrvÚtT&ÔÕ*R‬‬
‫"=»‪ MNÂiwRST-ë(*È/‬‬
‫`"=»‪1r3(r/:&((*&/‬‬
‫=@‪ÙN-O3AëMÜ>N‬ﺠﻘﻮ@ ﺑﺘﻔﺮﻳﻘﮧ ﻓﺆادک ﺒﻟ ﺣﻔﻈﮧ وﻓﮩﻤﮧ>‪BëTnq‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫`‪ mk>qiHÔN|3mqH‬‬
‫= ‬‫`‪ ,(G0H‬‬
‫` ‬
‫‪ m;C‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪MbGNµH'F3‬‬
‫`‪>NqH'F5hE(*RD‬‬
‫‪ -C‬‬
‫ﺠ ً‬‫‪ُ ْ َ َ ْ ُ ْ َ َٰ ُ َ #‬‬
‫ﻮرا‬ ‫‪ jy{if‬اﺨﺗﺬوا ﮨﺬا اﻟﻘﺮآن ﻣﮩ‬
‫ﻮرا ‪ÙgFO3GNL1ë&¯°1‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أوﺟﻪ‪ :‬أﺣﺪﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ -Ì;[\K‬ﻣ ْﮩ ُ‬
‫ﺠ ً‬ ‫‬
‫ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫أﻧﮩﻢ ﮨﺠﺮوه ﺑﺈﻋﺮاﺿﮩﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻓﺼﺎر ﻣﮩﺠﻮرا‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ اﺑﻦ زﻳﺪ‪ .‬اﺨﻛﺎ‪ :‬أﻧﮩﻢ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻓﻴﻪ ﻫﺠﺮا أ@‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻗﺒﻴﺤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ ﺠﻣﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬اﺨﻛﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬أﻧﮩﻢ ﺟﻌﻠﻮہ ﻫﺠﺮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺎﻠﻜم وﮨﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺚ‬
‫‪;C‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3(/áJ-n‬‬
‫‪ *;C‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪GI";C‬‬
‫‬ ‫واﻟﮩﺬﻳﺎن‪ ،‬ﻗﺎ اﺑﻦ ﻗﺘﻴﺒﺔ>‪jH(3G(f‬‬
‫(‪ÙN³W&¯°K|Út2‬‬ ‫"‪ -3(>(C'áö‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ٰ‬
‫َ ُ َ َ ُْ َ‬ ‫&‬ ‫& َ‬ ‫ََ َ & ُ‬
‫آن َﻣ ْﮩ ُ‬
‫ﺠ ً‬
‫ﻮرا>‪jy{Ù®(f‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺳﻮل ﻳَﺎ َر ِّب ِإن ﻗ ْﻮ ِﻰﻣ اﺨﺗﺬوا ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺮ‬ ‫وﻗﺎل‬
‫‪jý(5qf>*LL";C‬‬
‫‬ ‫(‪2‬‬
‫(‪ N:‬‬ ‫‪O¥' ¥](`ö´3(Ý‬‬
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‪٢٠٢٢ /‬ء ______________ ‪13‬‬
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& ُّ َ َ َ ْ َ َ
ِ ‫ﺘ ِﻰﻨ اﺨﺗﺬت ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﺳ‬I ‫ﺒﻟ ﻳﺪﻳ ِﻪ ﻓﻘﻮل ﻳﺎ‬ ِ ‫وﻳﻮم ﻓﻌﺾ‬
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‫"ﻓﺎن اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺤﺎل اﻟﺮواة ﻣﻦ أﺳﺎس اﻷﺣ~ﺎم اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﮫ ﺗ|ﺘ{‪ z‬اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻋ‪ p‬ﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻬﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﮫ وﻋﻠﻤﮫ‪،‬وﻻ ﺴﻮغ ﻟﮫ ﺗﺮﻛﮫ وﺟﻬﻠﮫ‪ ،‬إذ أﻛ اﻻﺣ~ﺎم ‪u‬ﺴﺘﻔﺎد ﻣﻦ اﻻﺧﺒﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻨﺒﻮ‪N‬ﺔواﻟﺮواﻳﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻷﺋﻤﺔ اﳌﻬﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺼﻠﻮات وأﻛﺮم اﻟﺘﺤﻴﺎت‪،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮ‪N‬ﻖ إﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ روى ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺨﻨﺎ رﺣﻤﻬﻢ ﷲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺜﻘﺔوﻏﻩ‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ ﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺮواﻳﺘﮫ وﻣﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮز‬
‫اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻋ‪ p‬ﻧﻘﻠﮫ‪.‬ﻓﺪﻋﺎﻧﺎ ذﻟﻚ إ ﺗﺼﻴﻒ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻴﺎن ﺣﺎل رواة وﻣﻦ ﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﮫ‪،‬وﻣﻦ ﺗك‬
‫رواﻳﺘﮫ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ أن ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺨﻨﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘن رﺿﻮان ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ أﺟﻤﻌن ﺻﻨﻔﻮا ﻛﺘﺒﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ‪U‬ﺬا اﻟﻔﻦ‪ ،‬اﻻ‬
‫ان ‪Q‬ﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻃﻮل ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﻮ‪N‬ﻞ ﻣﻊ اﺟﻤﺎل ا‪%‬ﺎل ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﮫ‪ ،‬و‪Y‬ﻌﻀﻬﻢ اﺧﺘﺼﺮ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎر‪ ،‬وﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺴﻠﻚ أﺣﺪ اﻟﻨ اﻟﺬي ﺳﻠﻜﻨﺎﻩ ‪U‬ﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻣﻦ وﻗﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﮫ ﻋﺮف ﻣﻟﺘﮫ وﻗﺪرﻩ وﺗﻤﻩ ﻋﻤﺎ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻔﮫ اﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﻮن‪.‬‬
‫ ‬
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‪٢٠٢٢ /‬ء ______________ ‪28‬‬
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‫‪ ‬ا‪%‬ﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ا‪%‬ﺴن اﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆي‪ ،‬ﻮ‪ ،‬روى ﻋﻨﮫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺤ‪.6K‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﺠﺎ‪:zjk‬‬
‫اﻧﮫ ﺛﻘﺔ ﻛﺜ اﻟﺮواﻳﺔ ﻟﮫ ﻛﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﻄﻮ‪ zj‬رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ‪ :‬ان اﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﻮ‪N‬ﮫ ﺿﻌﻔﮫ‪.‬وﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﺠﺎ‪:zjk‬‬
‫ﺎن ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ا‪%‬ﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ اﻟﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺴ‪e‬ﺜ{‪ z‬ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ أﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺤ‪ 6K‬ﻣﺎ رواﻩ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻤﺎﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻋﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﺮد ﺑﮫ ا‪%‬ﺴﻦ ﺑﻦ ا‪%‬ﺴن اﻟﻠﺆﻟﺆي‪ ،‬وﺗﺒﻌﮫ أﺑﻮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﻮ‪N‬ﮫ رﺣﻤﮫ ﷲ ﻋ‪p‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ذﻟﻚ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜ{‪ 6‬أﺑﺎ وﻻد‪ ،‬ا‪%‬ﻨﺎط ‪ -‬ﺑ‪e‬ﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻼم‪ ،‬و‪u‬ﺸﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻮن ‪Q‬ﻌﺪ ا‪%‬ﺎء اﳌﻬﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ -‬ﺛﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻌﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﮫ أﺻﻞ‪.‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻓﻀﺎل‪ :‬اﻧﮫ ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻮ‪3‬ﺲ ا¦‪¥‬ﺰوﻣﻲ‪ ،‬روى ﻋﻦ أ‪Y‬ﻲ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪ ﷲ)ﻋﻠﻴﮫ اﻟﺴﻼم(‪ ،‬ﺛﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺑﺄس ﺑﮫ‪.‬وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﻘﺪة‪ :‬ﺣﻔﺺ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺧﺮج ﻣﻊ ز‪N‬ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋ‪ ،p‬وﻇﻬﺮ‬
‫‪9‬‬
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‪٢٠٢٢ /‬ء ______________ ‪29‬‬
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‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣ ا‪¥‬ﻼﺻ ﻣﻦ ﻏ ‪u‬ﻐﯿ اﯾﻀﺎ ۔۔ﺛﻢ اﺗﺒﻌﺘ ﮐﻼم ا‪¥‬ﻼﺻﺔ ﺑﺎ‪%‬ﻮا‪ 6jk‬اﳌﺴﻮ¬ﺔ ا اﻟﺸﯿﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎ‪3‬ﯽ ان وﺟﺪﺗ‪n‬ﺎ ‪،‬ﺛﻢ اﺗﺒﻊ ﺑﮑﻼم اﻟﺸﯿﺦ ﮐﺘﺎب اﻟﺮﺟﺎل و اﻟﻔﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎ ﻋ‪ p‬اﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻣﮑﻦ۔۔۔ﺬا ‪d‬ﻠ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻻول ‪،‬و اﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮا‪Q‬ﻊ ﻓﺎ‪3‬ﯽ ﻗﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺮت ﻋ‪ p‬ﻣﺎ ذﮐﺮە‬
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‫‪11‬‬
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‪٢٠٢٢ /‬ء ______________ ‪31‬‬
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