Good day to everyone. Today we are going to discuss plant tissues.

But before we proceed to

the activity proper, let's have a recap first. At the last meeting, group 1 discussed plant cells, in
which they pointed out that cells are made up of organelles, and they are considered the basic
unit of life, or the smallest form of life, as they can generate their own energy and reproduce
themselves, and as the cells group together and perform the same function, with similar in
their  structure it is now already called a tissue.

Plants have 3 main types of tissues, and all of these tissues are comprised of 3 different types of
plant cells, namely parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. So let's go through this tissue
now. First up, the dermal tissue. It is found in the epidermis and periderm of a plant. This is the
outermost layer. The epidermis produces a noncellular layer called the cuticle on some parts of
the shoot system. The cuticle protects against excessive water loss and infection by
microorganisms. The cuticle also restricts gas exchange across the surface of the epidermal
cells. During secondary growth in roots and stems, the epidermis is replaced with the periderm.
Some peridermal cells form layers of special cells that die very quickly but leave behind a
material that waterproofs the roots and stem, which protects the inner tissues from structural
damage. Dermal tissue often contains specialized cells such as root hair cells and leaf guard
cells.

The next tissue is the ground tissue, which makes up the majority of the plant's body. It is
broken into subgroups according to the cell types. Perenchyma is a living ground tissue that
makes up the bulk of the primary plant body and takes part in several tasks such as
photosynthesis which happens in leaves (mesophyll) , storage, and regeneration. It stores
nutrients, carbohydrates, and water. The parenchyma is capable of healing wounds and
regenerating parts of the plant. Wound closure is very important because if the plant has an
open wounds it allows pathogens such fungi, bacteria and many more to invade the plant and
quickly kill it.

Collenchyma is living ground tissue that offers flexible support for primary growth. The
collenchyma is specialized for supporting the plants' primary growth regions and therefore
makes the plant stronger. The cell walls are thickened and provide a measure of flexibility
which allows the plant to withstand windy conditions. 

Sclerenchyma is a ground tissue whose mature cells are dead. Its cell walls are composed of
cellulose and lignin. Sclerenchyma supports mature plants and protects seeds. This ground
tissue has an extra layer that provides added strength and rigidity to the cells. These cells may
occur as a continuous mass, small clusters, or can be individually scattered.

The last tissue that we'll be talking about is the vascular tissue, and this includes the xylem and
the phloem along with some collenchyma and parenchyma cells. The xylem is the main tissue
for transporting water and minerals throughout the plant. The xylem contains fibers and water-
conducting cells called tracheids and vessels. While, on the other hand, the phloem transports
sugars and other solutions. The phloem is living tissue, unlike the xylem. Sieve tubes are long
tubes formed by many sieve elements to allow easy passage of water and dissolved minerals.
Sieve elements are associated with companion cells, which lie next to the sieve elements and
direct the activity of sieve tubes and supply needed substances when required.

(Ipakilala ang group mates)

(objectives)

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