WORD FORM

1. Emotion
- Emotion (n) /ɪˈməʊʃn/
+ a strong feeling such as love, fear or anger; the part of a person’s character that consists of feelings
Ex:  - Show/express your emotions
- They expressed mixed emotions at the news

- Emotional (a) /ɪˈməʊʃənl/

+ [usually before noun] connected with people’s feelings (= with the emotions)
Ex: - Emotional problems/stress
- The emotional impact of the film is powerful and lasting.
+ ausing people to feel strong emotions = Emotive
Ex: The anniversary of the accident was very emotional for him.
+ showing strong emotions, sometimes in a way that other people think is unnecessary
Ex: An emotional response/reaction
2. Psychology
- Psychology (n) /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/
+  [uncountable] the scientific study of the mind and how it influences behaviour
Ex: clinical/educational/child/sport psychology
+ the kind of mind that somebody has that makes them think or behave in a particular way
Ex: Psychology of somebody -) the psychology of small boys
- Psychological (a) /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
+ connected with a person’s mind and the way in which it works
Ex: the psychological development of children
+ connected with the study of psychology

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Ex: - Psychological research
-A psychological study of refugee children came up with some worrying results.
3. Geography
- Geography (n) /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/
+  [uncountable] the scientific study of the earth’s surface, physical features, divisions, products,
population, etc.
Ex: Recent work in economic geography
+[singular] the way in which the physical features of a place are arranged
Ex: These streets had a very particular geography.
+ [singular] the way in which a particular aspect of life or society is influenced by geography or varies
according to geography
Ex: The geography of poverty and the geography of voting are connected.
+ [countable] (business) a country, area or region
Ex: We are now operational across multiple geographies.
- Geographical (a) /ˌdʒiːəˈɡræfɪkl/
+ connected with the way in which the physical features of a place are arranged
Ex: The importance of the town is due to its geographical location.
+ connected with the scientific study of the earth's surface, physical features, divisions, products,
population, etc.
Ex: Researchers and surveyors exchanged geographical knowledge.
+ connected with the way in which a particular aspect of life or society is influenced by geography or
varies according to geography
Ex: The geographical distribution of wealth.

4. History
- History (n) /ˈhɪstri/
+  [uncountable] all the events that happened in the past
Ex: In history -) The battle was a turning point in human history.
+[singular, uncountable] the past events connected with the development of a particular place, subject,
etc.
Ex: The history of science/music/philosophy
- Historical (a) /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/

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 + connected with the past.
Ex: You must place these events in their historical context.
+ connected with the study of history.
Ex: Historical documents/records/research.
- Historically (adv) /hɪˈstɒrɪkli/
+in a way that is connected with the past
Ex: The book is historically inaccurate.
+ in a way that is connected with the study of history
Ex: Historically significant documents
5. Tradition
- Traditional (n) /trəˈdɪʃənl/
+ being part of the beliefs, customs or way of life of a particular group of people, that have not changed
for a long time
Ex: Traditional dress/music/art/culture/dance
+ Following older methods and ideas rather than modern or different ones = Conventional
Ex: Their marriage is very traditional.
- Tradition (n) /trəˈdɪʃn/
+ a belief, custom or way of doing something that has existed for a long time among a particular group of
people; a set of these beliefs or customs
Ex: Religious/cultural/ancient traditions

6. Culture
-Culture (n) /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/
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 +  [uncountable] the customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country or
group
Ex: African/American/European/Islamic culture
+ a country, group, etc. with its own beliefs, etc.
Ex: The children are taught to respect different cultures.
+ [uncountable] art, music, literature, etc., thought of as a group
Ex: Venice is a beautiful city, full of culture and history.
- Cultural (a) /ˈkʌltʃərəl/
+ connected with the culture of a particular society or group, its customs, beliefs, etc.
Ex: Teachers need to be aware of cultural differences.
+ connected with art, literature, music, etc.
Ex: a cultural event
7. Nature
- Nature (n) /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/
+ [uncountable] all the plants, animals and things that exist in the universe that are not made by people
Ex: Take time to appreciate the beauties of nature.
+ [uncountable] the way that things happen in the physical world when it is not controlled by people
Ex: The forces of nature are constantly reshaping our world.
+ the usual way that a person or an animal behaves that is part of their character

  by nature She is very sensitive by nature.

  it is not in somebody's nature to do something It's not in his nature to be unkind.

  it is against somebody's nature to do something It was against her nature to tell lies.

 We appealed to his better nature (= his kindness).

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- Natural (a) /ˈnætʃrəl/
+ existing in nature; not made or caused by humans
Ex: We should respect animals and the natural environment, which is their home.
+ (especially of food) having little or no processing
Ex: I try to eat a sugar-free, natural food diet.
+ normal; as you would expect

 to die of natural causes (= not by violence, but normally, of old age)

 Singing for her was as natural as breathing.

 He thought social inequality was all part of the natural order of things.

 She was the natural choice for the job.

  it is natural (for somebody) to do something It's only natural to worry about your children.

 It's perfectly natural for you to feel annoyed.

  it is natural that… It's natural that he would want to see his own son.

- Natural (n) /ˈnætʃrəl/

+ natural (for something) a person who is very good at something without having to learn how to do it, or who has
all the right qualities for a particular job

Ex: She took to flying like a natural.

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 8. Tropic
- Tropic (a) /ˈtrɒpɪk/
+the tropics [plural] the area between the two tropics, which is the hottest part of the world
-Tropical (a) /ˈtrɒpɪkl/
+ coming from, found in or typical of the tropics
Ex: tropical fish/birds/fruit
9. Brute
- Brute (n) /bruːt/
+ a man who treats people in an unkind, cruel way
Ex: His father was a drunken brute.
+ an animal, as opposed to a human being
Ex: We, unlike dumb brutes, can reflect on our experiences.
+ brute (of something) a thing which is difficult and unpleasant
Ex: That was a brute of an exam paper.
- Brutalize (v) /ˈbruːtəlaɪz/
+ [usually passive] to make somebody unable to feel normal human emotions such as pity (= sympathy
for people who are suffering)
Ex: be brutalized (by something) soldiers brutalized by war
+ brutalize somebody -) to treat somebody in a cruel or violent way
Ex: The prisoners were brutalized and deprived of basic rights.
- Brutal (a) /ˈbruːtl/
+ violent and cruel
Ex: a brutal attack/murder/rape/killing
+ direct and clear about something unpleasant; not thinking of people’s feelings
Ex: With brutal honesty she told him she did not love him.
10. Biology
- Biology (n) /baɪˈɒlədʒi/
+  the scientific study of the life and structure of plants and animals
Ex: a degree in biology
+  the way in which the body and cells of a living thing behave
Ex: How far is human nature determined by biology?
- Biological (a) /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

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 + connected with the science of biology
Ex: The biological sciences
+ connected with the processes that take place within living things
Ex: the biological effects of radiation
11. Acquire
- Acquire (v) /əˈkwaɪə(r)/
+ acquire something to gain something by your own efforts, ability or behaviour
Ex: She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
+ acquire something to obtain something by buying or being given it
Ex: Not all of the land acquired for the road has been paid for yet.

- Acquisition (n) /ˌækwəˈzɪʃn/

+ [uncountable] the act of getting something, especially knowledge, a skill, etc.
Ex: theories of child language acquisition
+[countable] something that someone buys to add to what they already own, usually something valuable
Ex: His latest acquisition is a racehorse.
- Acquit (v) /əˈkwɪt/
+ acquit somebody (of something) to decide and state officially in court that someone is not guilty of a crime
Ex: The jury acquitted him of murder.
+ acquit yourself well, badly, etc. (formal) to perform or behave well, badly, etc.
Ex: He acquitted himself extremely well in the exams
12. Inhabit
- Inhabit (v) /ɪnˈhæbɪt/
+ inhabit something to live in a particular place
Ex: Some of the rare species that inhabit the area are under threat.
- Inhabitant (n) /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/
+ a person or an animal that lives in a particular place
Ex: the oldest inhabitant of the village
- Inhabited (a) /ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/
+ with people or animals living there

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Ex: The island is no longer inhabited.
- Uninhabited (a) /ˌʌnɪnˈhæbɪtɪd
+ with no people living there; not inhabited
Ex: an uninhabited island
13. Vital
- Vital (a) /ˈvaɪtl/
+  necessary or essential in order for something to succeed or exist
Ex: vital for somebody/something the vitamins that are vital for health
+

+[only before noun] connected with or necessary for staying alive

Ex: the vital organs (= the brain, heart, lungs, etc.)
+(of a person) full of energy and enthusiasm = Dynamic
- Vitality (n) /vaɪˈtæləti/
+ energy and enthusiasm = Vigour
Ex: She is bursting with vitality and new ideas.

14. Recruit
- Recruit (v) /rɪˈkruːt/
+ [transitive, intransitive] to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc.

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 + [transitive] recruit somebody to do something to persuade somebody to do something, especially to help you

Ex: We were recruited to help peel the vegetables.

+ [transitive] recruit something to form a new army, team, etc. by persuading new people to join it

Ex: to recruit a task force

- Recruit (n) /rɪˈkruːt/

+ a person who has recently joined the armed forces or the police

Ex: the training of new recruits

+a person who joins an organization, a company, etc.

Ex: They are stepping up attempts to attract new recruits to the nursing profession.

- Recruiter (n) /rɪˈkruːtə(r)/

+ a person whose job is to find new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc.

Ex: a survey of corporate recruiters

- Recruitment (n) /rɪˈkruːtmənt/

+ the act or process of finding new people to join a company, an organization, the armed forces, etc.

Ex: the recruitment of new members

15. Assist
- Assist (v) /əˈsɪst/
+  [intransitive, transitive] to help somebody to do something
Ex: Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.

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 +  [transitive] assist something to help something to happen more easily
Ex: activities that will assist the decision-making process
- Assistance (n) /əˈsɪstəns
+ help or support

- Assistant (n) /əˈsɪstənt/

+ a person who helps or supports somebody, usually in their job
Ex: My assistant will now demonstrate the machine in action.
16. Assimilate
- Assimilate (v) /əˈsɪməleɪt/
+ [transitive] assimilate something to fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to
use it yourself
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Ex: The committee will need time to assimilate this report.
+ [intransitive, transitive] to become, or allow somebody to become, a part of a country or community
rather than remaining in a separate group

+ [transitive, often passive] to make an idea, a person’s attitude, etc. fit into something or be acceptable
Ex:  be assimilated into/to something These changes were gradually assimilated into everyday life.

17. Infection
- Infection (n) /ɪnˈfekʃn/
+  the act or process of causing or getting a disease
Ex: to cause/prevent infection

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- Infectious (a) /ɪnˈfekʃəs/
+ an infectious disease can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through air or water
Ex: Flu is highly infectious.
+ [not usually before noun] if a person or an animal is infectious, they have a disease that can be spread
to others
Ex: I'm still infectious.
- Infected (a) /ɪnˈfektɪd/
+ affected by harmful bacteria, a virus, etc.
Ex: The wound from the dog bite had become infected.
+ affected by a computer virus
Ex: an infected PC
- Infect (v) /ɪnˈfekt/
+ make a disease or an illness spread to a person, an animal or a plant
  infect somebody/something (with something) It is not possible to infect another person through kissing.
  (be) infected with something people infected with HIV.

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