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    Kansas Subsurface Geology 9 1987

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    Raed Al-noman

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    Subsurface Geology Series 9 1987 Dirabioraypinie ancl Spatial Distriloution Of Oil ancl Gas Prodtietion tin iamnisais K. David Newell, W. Lynn Watney, Cheng, and Richard L. Stephen W.L. Brownrigg State of Kans Met Connor nyt te Seog pare pata Se Src. gevirn nooeg rer ites Ss. mt nat Gg Sy, Th Ur oan oust noe olgeea geen ter saphena ‘Sat ie eutaesomtate enone ae Ea ES te es ior oot Soe Siok ce ee ee Bape te eer ieee. ieee sears sae reat eed Seeeor i eae Sto te Reese was oe ikgees Rese, oenarearegrany Rae Chae: gan Rt Jeroen mae a ero ‘Seu Reb tne ue Smet ih, ra agar Satin, Nin elope maser ‘Selon Rani tacere manager SeSicimenus speciosa ‘Sh, Ls Diva! Sar Git “own rr yong ‘or ne oo et rea at ‘Wine ie feat pron! ‘sung ‘moon oc Si sey way Wm if prams i Dl eis aim He fin manner two Lawece monn al ie ‘Minenon Bun, erent pnhote Hy. fi pose ‘Nien Bak Wes it Moab peste ‘Won Gn ett in Ree mamager rep Sine Gam pce Wt We Sumplecibear i oe Os lr ad opertien ener Win ly wer mi Main lad pre ‘eo sly nara oop aM eae ec, ete very ce Sodinin'P len ores ‘Sc awn fosonomaneer gato Lr i esctome ‘Nac ot Student employees Abu Chnem Chg ag Dy 8 pen at “ie, Dame Kiietetets Gey Metecte Omit oat Nano Asin ar oe cep Sou Romer Wing peor as Ean Sere" Maes ton ind nea W- Brae Cae 5. Ke Scoam Cantey Wing Che Bi a Eon aah Su hietan Wore Mc Bt Kore emi Sion titna Wang Weng ieee Room Spina tomr, Mi tgh a cess. French le Steir Ye. Warp ns roa Cetin ane ine Poot ‘Subsurface Geology Series 9 Stratigraphic and spatial distribution of oil and gas production in Kansas K. David Newell W. Lynn Watney Stephen W. L. Cheng. Richard L. Browarigg Kansas Geologictl Survey ‘The University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 1987 . Kansas Geological Survey Loan Copy Return in 30 Days Gover design by Jennifer Sims, Kansas Geological Survey. Figure 34 on page 57 shows an expanded version of the cross section idealized inthe cover design. Contents INTRODUCTION 1 STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF KANSAS. 3 DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWN OIL ANDGAS FIELDS 4 FIELDS BY DECADE OF DISCOVERY 6 VOLUMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTION 8 STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PETROLEUM. 20 Sub-Artuckle 20 ‘Arbuckle 22 Simpson 24 Viola and Maquotetn 26 Silurian and Devonisa limestones 28 (Chatancoga nd Miser 30 ‘Mississippian 32 Morow and Acka 34 Cherokee and Marmion 36 ‘Lansing, Kansas City and Pleasanton 39 ‘ul, Shawnee, and Wabaunse 2 ‘Amis, Counel Grove, Chase, and Sumer 44 ‘Niobrara 50 [NUMBER OF PRODUCING ZONES PER 1/4 TOWNSHIP. $2 DEPTH OF PAY ZONES 56 REFERENCES. 75 GLOSSARY #1 Tables 1 Mts emis Slain Kesas Tt 2M: osc ein Keon slo ocucion persue ce 18 Figures 1-Glpitinebieand Kamar ie 2 2 Poe Ming several wes of Kansas 3 23 ihe Manip port Onorien racer fetes of Kass 4 nd pd of ast yl caine) ‘SRetirny decade dicavey 7 Cena podacin ough 1982. 9 TCamtave gs posdton ough 98210 {an fps rough 98213 SPrecutny ao as ough 1982 16 10rd of gsi oaph E217 11 Prodi ofll Bein 1902-18. 2 Prodociy of gs lin 182 19 HoSubsAucde protien 21 Satu rodicion 23 16Singronrosieson 25 17—Vinasnd Magukea pectin 27 18 Siren and Devonian production 29 19 Ctanoogn an Mises don 31 20_Misisiptan ose “33 21-Nomow md Nok proaicton 35. 2 Chases Marmaon pdasion 37 23 Liming, Kise Ci, Peson potion 4 24 Dogan Shawne, nd Wabsresproocion 25 _Untfwenines Prise pcton 8 26 Admire odin 46 21—Coue Grove poduion 47 22 Chae prodcion 8 [8 Surmepoducion 49 30 -Notaa pti SL 51 Nerf produ znu perf womtip (toy) 53 $32Nanar of producing sone per own aon) 54 31 Nenbe of poducing sone er oom 55 51 Gssoge map neo acto Kane 57. £5 —Doph tom rrr eopertpy tne 8 Se —Sobea deh of eps py sme ‘STasSe—Kares poli poo feet byte of prodoton oe 100-1 depth ses 60 $376435_Kana peleum rods ciflrenned by roacing ne for 00 eps 6 Introduction “Tae mae in hi eport have ssn compied ith the goal of squinting the eaer with te dsubaton of eoloum in Kanes. We fel that by knowing the [odlgi ad sail dstebation of petrole production inte state one willbe abl to beur podict where some Faure production may be found by either coneeating exploration efforts wibin existing podaction wens OF by extending them, Now tends and new pay zoe ofcourse ‘ante discovered, ht maps in this xt wil usualy no be ‘fect ep in sch cases. In hie report weve catego- ‘ized Kansas povoloum pedution into several geo} ‘ay horizons (Gg. 1) and have included maps ht show ‘th the subsea an subsurace dps of hs production Pay hozens considered are sub-Arbocke;Afbuckle; ‘Simpson; Viola rd Maguoket: “Hatoa (Sian and Devonian limestones; Chattanooga and Mine, Miss sSippian: Morow and Aloka; Cherokee and Manatee: Pleasanion, Kansas City and Lansing; Douglas, Shawnee, snd Wabsunse; Admie; Council Grove; Case Samper, {Sd Niobrara. Otber mas incle the aber a pay ‘soos and fds by discovery da ana series of maps {hat doit Ue volamouic dsuibuton of peuoleum duction in he tae. Each map is ecompanid by 8 ‘ref commentary with references that wl dec the ‘ear to mor elaborate diseusns inh goleic erature. A sossary also is inlued for nongcolgist at theead of this eport, which wil ep expan various ‘ool concepts a rms discussed in the ext “Tae ape inhi report were generated ia 1984 ‘tough 1987 using the faites ofthe Automated Ceterpy Laboratory and Graphics Arts Deparment at the Kans Geological Survey. GIMIMAP (Geoiata Inierctve Management Map Avalysis and Production) 3 enpateasised earography system developed jointly by th Kansas Geolgial Sarvey std the Bucaa do ‘Recherches Goologiques t Mines, Orleans, France, the sotwar lize to erat the maps. The daa bas on ‘Kansas oan gas- producing zones used to generate ome map inthis repor sa subst vgs database ‘pled by Peoicam Infomation Carpontion (an AC Nielen Company. This smaller daa tase as informa- ‘don on almost 53 00 pay z0es dsribated over aprox ‘ately 49,500 prodoedon wells in Kansas. Such an nonve daa bse, constructed o reper rom thousands ‘of geologists and dlls over several yeas, fe bound to oa same eos and misinfornation. The aubors have opeflly deleted mos eres, but cach al eres, such ssinconect wel locations or ay-zne identifications, ‘Vitaly impossible. Correcting the data bas isan ‘ongoing projec, and anyone who deters inthe ‘maps conned in his pblicaon is nvied wo contact tbe ushor inode tht subsequent publications ofthis pe an be more reliable. The authors lo welcome any suggestions about ote ypes of maps tha alsocan be sod to depict the dssrination of peta podutin in Kansas Pay-zone and depth mips inthis report were oaseucied by plting productive or once productive oi tr gas wells as small squares. A map sal, ach squares spproximately 58x 5/8 mi (1x 1k). Data availabe for swstem Kansas are relatively complae sac 196, te Staning dat of daa compilation. Only selected dveop- ‘ment ad exploration wells dled pir w 1964 were fred to this be, bt the effect on prodcing areas ath Seal of thas maps ineligible excep for ey large elds driled prot 196, such asthe Hugoton ga cs (Oar peoducing areas such ste Cherokee basin in ‘asert Kansas ls have da largely limite to ecemy Aled wells. The pater of well in easern Kansasis therefore spay and doesnt presse follow known Field tulins. Nevenbols, major producing wend are Mdequatly dined. “The maps in hs report are probably best sed in conjunction wih the 100,00 ole and gas-feld map (Paul ad ethers, 1982) plished by the Kansas Glog fal Suvey. Thismsp is priodicaly updated 0 show. tional new lds an extensions of oldies. Aa ‘ional infrmaton on preduton of individual elds is vailabe fom oil and pas progucton report (eg. Paul sn Beene, 1985), perically published bythe Kansas (Geologie Sure). revouspubcatons on te asi tin of pay zone in heat nla Hips (1958) sd maps by M.O. Orosin Ebanks (1975). Comparison of he Cave maps wih The ones presented in his reports Iereting because oa eat observe the development and textnson of vrous producing ends. Secing the rowth ‘of soch wens i encouraging because with continued Ture exploration developments, the weds evden wy ‘maybe extended oven futher. Good overviews of Kansas Sratigrpty end geology can be obaned in alle (1968) nd Meriam (1963) Several ol and as Hels are individually discussed in five-votme st pushed by the Kansas Gcooyical Society 1956, 199, 1960, 1965, 1086) in Wichita, Kansas. The Kansas Gosogical Sociey ‘lunes include maps and wel-bgcorelatons over Invi ils, which an be paul hepfl wes portions, Acxvowanwents—Theauhors gratefully scknowladge the lp of Care Ros with the computer rogramming, Renate Hensel and Pat Acker for repr thn and ing of some ofthe erga gues, Jenifer Sis for reparation of graphics ad the cover dssign, Lee (Gear and Rex Buchanan (Kansas Geological Survey) ‘nd Jock Campbell (Oklahoma Geological Sie) fo ther elu suggsstons and encouragement nd Lea Aon (lan Davison who patiently (pet te og ‘manaserip ofthis repr ands numerens subsequent fm | remoo | cme | tre | ndSocne neck snow epptcabie)_| cpploabiey uatemnery le Torta « Taper Tabara Fomaton : creteceous as 4 [ase a Tos 245 Caneton Gmraronengy Sumner Group Permion Counet Greve Group Geoaryon $f chose Group Acsnire oun aoe Wabatnee Groum vegtn | snawnee Group Upper Dougos Group Penreitvarion tersing Soup scuten | Keres Cy Group Mematon Group dete XJ Deemobesen | Cherokee Grou RISER] ‘Atokan rocker “onowon toes Lower pemon| ‘ona Peenay.conal. L320 a ‘Goo bvanes 8 “cnestran' rocks ae ee ( yl a Te} chat Mex fretonae 2 ERS ane onroonen: — | 80 Taper sonstone Devonian [Fag ‘into imestone L se Tower {I “tanton'estone siuron | wept 7 Tawar L ase Taper Moquotete Formation orovelen [Tee iis Ferree Senpion Group ee ‘buckle Grou } sos von Reagan, tamotts Soncktone come TV Tower] 570 Precambrian ‘ractired basement ocks millon ys befor present my BP) Structural features of Kansas ‘The Cena Kansas uplift and Nemaha uplift re ‘two major pot Missin souctura highs that domi rate the subsurface geology of Kansas igure 2). These fates andthe basins adjacent hem hae lit rm expression tthe surface eace heir discovery and Subsoquent delineation ae largely based on te resus of plortrydeiling. The Naka upit was niall ‘ecognied asa major subsurface featur about 1915, and ‘re formally tamed ina 1917 wea on Kansas ol and {58 by Moore and Haynes (1917). The Nema pli isa Complex noh-northassouth Souhwest rented feature which extends ino Nebraska and Oklahoma. Tes seymmeirie witha gen diping wesern Mark anda faulted ester fan. The Huo fat system (Conde, 1977) marks he boundary betwocn th Nemaka uplift and ‘the Cherokee and Forest Cty basis tthe east (McQueen and Gren, 193). ‘Par ofthe Canal Kansas ult were recog rine a eal a the 192s, bt Morgan (1832) formally amet and recognized its regional significance. The Cental Kansas pit is more symmetis tan the Nema ‘eplif.Ievendsmorthwest-soubeast and isthe locus of ‘os ofthe maja cl els inthe se ‘The basin ying etweon th Cental Kansas pit and Nemahs uplift was formally ecognzed and named he Salina basin by Barwick (1928). ‘The Pat nlne extend southward rom he ‘Cena Kans opi and separaes he Hugcton basin (Maher and Colin, 1948) in souiwest Kansas fom the ‘Sedgwick basin (More and Jewet, 1942) in soutentral Kansas, The Hugoton and Sedgwick basins are stucaral embayment on the aoe Mk ofthe deeper Anadarko ‘sin dat extends actos most of Okra. Basement rooksin Kanes ae buried deepest (6900 fee subea 12100 m Cole, 1976 inte Hugoton basin ear the Kats Oklahoma sate fine in southom Meade County Most ofthe major, present ay streets ln Kansas, inctding the Neraha and Cental Kansas ‘life, were lagely crea by geologic deformation in {Late Missisippian to Ely Ponnylvanian dine (Merriam, 1963), Before theo lt Palomo fates were ore, road nonhwes soudeast-readingsructral igh dominated he geology of he satin Ordovicin and Devonian time Tigue3). This feature is called the (Cental Kansas arth in sath ‘phic waps onthe north side ofthe valley in northern Maton an MePherson counties area posit, but ane Js bon found so far. Pehups the general west-southwest ‘tf the strata non ofthe valley prohibits formation of sch uaps. Addional ls on the Nema uit, tlogous tothe Yaege field in Riley County, are also ‘able exploration plays Chattanooga and Misener (Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian) Misener sandstone, athe base ofthe Chatanoogs Shale, produes ol fom ids seated troaghout ental Kansas (gure 19) Major producto fom the ‘Miser and other sandstones ner the bas ofthe Chat- ‘unoogs Shale is resealy concentrated inthe Wl eld in este Edwards County and the Lyons Wes fl in ‘ental Rice County. ‘The Chatanoga Sale is gonerly ened by resin Kansas asthe Kinderhook sale. Smal, ‘sandstones ato nea is base ca be called Kinderhook Sands. The Chattanooga is known asthe Woodford Shale | Okiahoma wile he basal sndton i sila he Miner. In Arkansas, the Misener sandstone i identified ‘as Sylamore Sandsione Member (Ade, 1971) The ‘Chataooga Shale is resent over the ester half of Kansas excope for stl highs slong he Nemaha pit where it was eroded in Late Mississippian 0 Early ‘Peansyvanian ime. In Brown and case Nemaha oust greater than 2501 (15m) hick, bat it gener ally thins westward oa eaheredge in central Kansas (Goabal, 19686) In rer MePheron and Marion ‘counties the Chatanooga Shale fils abroad ancient valley ‘osed inn oer ocks This valley, called the McPherson Valley contains Cbtanooga Shale in excess of 250 (15 nm) in thickness (Le, 1956). In or contal Kans the ‘Chatncoga Shale i gray, aeenishaay, and re shale with minor limestones (Lo, 1956; Goebel, 1968), ban southeast Kansas itis black priferous sale. Teese lau charceisies suggest may be capable of generat ing pevoleum. ‘The Misener sandstone at he base ofthe Chat tanooga Shales extremely enaticin its evelopment. It canbe several mers hick near tho Ceayal Kansas uit ‘rtelenwere, generally away from the ul itmay only ‘we represented bya sigh sandy 2ne a the base ofthe ‘Chatanooga Shale (Goebel, 1968). Le (1956) sates the ‘Misnar sandstones commonly composed of wal: rounded quar sand grains hat probably epeseat reworked Simpson sandstones. similar contusion was ‘made by Amsfen and Klapper (1972) forthe Misearin Otdshoma. The locus of Mizner snd deposion s probably sconply conlled bythe nonhwest southeast trending ancetal Central Kasts uplift the pe-Missisp- lan predecessor wo the Late Misssppian-EartyPenny- ‘asian Coral Kansas wp. ‘Sandsones ao car the base of the Chatanoogs ‘Shale sr nota major souro of hydrocarboas inthe ‘Midcontinent (Adler, 197), bat hey can produce locally ‘gnifcant amounts of hydrocarbons, Two such areas in ‘Kans, the Wil din aster Edward County (Steves, 196; MCalb and Wheeler, 1965) andthe Lyons West field (Een, 1965; Wright, 165), are satiric aps where Miser sandstones ae tucated pap by te sob onnsyvanian unconformity. Ota lds in Kansas ‘which produce peuoleum from sandstones ato near the ts of the Chattanooga hal lnclud the Valley Coner eld in Sedgwick County (Wright, 1960), be Voshel fed ‘in McPherson County (estan, 1939) and the Haviland Feld n Kiowa County Games, 1956. ‘The presence ofthe Wil eld and Lyons West fei is encouraging, because oer such staigapic taps ‘may be found around the Coal Kansas uplift. Ele taneous as YD00N¥2IME 6 THAD st q suo ay 110 suo 110 SaTIW YIN3SIW ONY YOOONBLLYHD 2 where, predicting the location of Miser eserois before ling diicu because the uni developed wo ea iy. Perhaps with core and other geologic sadn, once 8 “Misner py zone is found, its rend could be predicted and subsequent exploited by follow-up lig Mississippian ‘Mississippian prodocton extends across ll of south Kans (gue 20). Oi prodcton dominates on the Mlanks ofthe Nemaha uplift and western sid of the (Cherokes hain, ba sere ga proc occurs farther east Gas and associated olan gs predcton ‘occur on the Prat anselne, Sedgwick basin, ain te “gota basin near the Kansas Oelaoma sat ine. Ot prodeton witht sient gs occur arth aot on the lank ofthe Hugoton basi southwest of he Cera Kansas ui, Missipian rocks in Kanes ca be divided into ‘wo ganeal soguonces. The younger group of rocks is CChesteran nage ad consi of marine an nonmarine shale and sanistones with minor mesons, Uncon- focmiby below tho Chose rocks ia group of shallow ‘maine limestones, cher, and chery mesons tht ae ‘Kinderbookian, Ocagian, and Moraocin in age. Al ‘hough the Chatanooga Sales in part Mississippian in ge, dscusson of ts producto epsom hi CCesteran rocks re que thik inthe Anadarko basin in Okishoma but are preset in Kansas ony inthe southwestern pst ofthe state uring pars of Stanton, (Grant, Haskell, Monon, Seward and Meade counties. ‘Test rocks ae statin he ai of he Hugoton basin sd hiken soathward nt Oklahoma, The hikes of ‘he Chesteran rocks atthe Kansas-Ollaome stain is approximately 500 (150 m) (Goebel, 19686, 0) “The Kindeookian, Osapian and Meramecian limestones that undetiethe Cesta rocks in southwes- em Kansas re pesent al ove th sas excopt woe hey have been removed by late Misssippan-caryPeansylva- fam erosion over te Cota Kansas pit nd pats of he ‘emu uplift. The hicknessaf the Mississippian rocks largely dependent on sructrl movement ta occured during ate Misisipian carly Peansylvanin ine. Misiespian rocks ae thin absent y erosion om ups {noel anticlins but ar relatively ik in yng: and. Tin. The pre-Cheseran-ae Misisippan rocks in Kans ae tikes in the Hugoton basin where approx rmaely 1400 225m) ofthese eck are preserved (Goebel, 19684, 0. "Mast ofthe Mississippian production nthe Midcontinent occurs a ener te top ofthe Mississippian ‘Seton jt blow th sab Pennsyvanisa anontermity (dlr, 1971), Soliton weathering ofthe Missssppian limestones commonly paces residual chery, porous weathered zone just beneath he unconformity thats ‘lle the Misissppan “chat” by drillers Aconting to Yer Wiehe (1950), “eit” sa modification ofthe word “chen and was originally denied a sich in wells lle in he Welh (.e. Welch-Borbold) fed in Rice {Couny, The chat ie hckest inthe vicinity of he Cetra ‘Kanes api nd Prat anticin nd can be quite variable Ins reservoir characteris. Porosity and permeability fhe cat ar difcal to pric, particulary in wildcat Toeains.Inmany paces it is several moter thick and is Aitcutt dferendate fom ovelyng enneyvanian ‘usa conglomerates hat ay aso Serve a servo rocks, ‘Porous elite ones win pre-Chestran line stones are ako prcuctve in some els in the Hugeton tmbaymet such a the Peasant ra field n Haskell, nd Finoy counties (Roby, 1959, 1961; Bene, 1960) tnd the Nan Aukerma, 1959) and Damme (Sci 1app, 1959) felis in Finney County. Development of te porosity anes within he Misssippian meses is Erratic and therefore hard predict nevertheless, they may represent inguin urges 2 off-srvetre Sua raph aps ‘Misissippian rocks produce in several hundred Seldsin Kansas. Most of he ager feds are combination strctrl-strtigaphie ape in which poroas chat an ‘veriingconglomerais change © nonporous chat lmesioneinan ypaip dct (Adley, 1971. Some uaps of is type intude the Lost Springs lin Macon County (Shekel, 1935), de Wherry and Welch Bomba fields in Rie County (MENeil, 194; Clark and others, 194), th Spivey-Grabs-Basi field n Kingman and Harpe counties (Frensley and Darmstetr, 1965), and he Wil eld in Edvards County (Stevens, 1960). Other significant elds n Kansas producing fom Misissipian ‘ocks nce the Vosbll ld in MePherson Count (Pied, 1933), the Wistersehiedfld in Woodson ‘County Genet, 1954) the Burton Feld in Harvey and Reno counts, and the MeClouth edi esfeson County (Cee and Payne, 1944), Significant Chestran production ‘secs ia the McKinney Fld ia Meade and Car counties ‘amieson, 1959) and several ober Flin the Hugoton embayment. "The widespread dissibuon of Msisppan rodecton in both age a sal il indicats this unit tl bea potential urge orzo in vitally all wildest ‘rellediled where Misssppian rock are prose Kans, Sub satgraghic ap, atsibuable 0 varying reserve quality ofthe chat and overying basal Pens ‘anion conglomerates, wll probably bo exploration gts in densely dle ares of he stat. Although sll ‘scores may be the norm inthe more Deavly ied ‘areas, large ets maybe aps in dpe, sparsely (led areas such asthe Hugoton embayment and western ‘Kanss. Mississippian reservoirs are mar pay hoszons ‘ouanOoN VSS OE HOOK 9 WN suo ONY 110 Mi suo Ml 0 Se1tW qY NUIddISSISSIW ” Ing recent exploration ply in Gove, Nes, and Lane ‘coanies southwest ofthe Cental Kansas pit. This ‘rodscon tend pained sigiiance inthe 1970s and onines ody aban area of ative dling, Watney and Paul (1983) antipate many more elds similar wo these fields wil be found along he subcrop ends of te -Misispian limestones in souhuesera Kansas. Morrow and Atoka (Lower and Middle Pennsylvanian) ‘Morrow sandstones primarily produce gas rom the southem tr of counties in souiwesom Kansas (Clare, Mend, Seward, Sevens, nd Moron; igure 21). ‘il predation extends northward fom this ea wo form triangular prodclng sea witha nortiem apex in Wallace Coaniy. The Atoka eval sot produce in Kansas tts to the sooth in Olahora and Texas ‘The Mowow and Atoka sedimens were deposited ing large embeyment which ends nova fom tbe ‘Anadaho asin sua in the Texas Panhandle nd ‘weston Okiuhoma. The emtayment covers much of ‘stem Colorado and western Kansas whee these se ‘ments wedge oat eastward nd northward along zone xtnding from Cheyenne County in northwestern Kans to Crk nd Comanche counties in sou ceatal Kansas. “Maxima thickness of tho imran Kansasisin excess ‘1 SD (150 m; Raseoe and Adee, 1983). Piro eposton ofthe Morow sediments, the Midcontinent was tinegent undergoing erosion drier alin ‘worldwide salve. The Moron Atoka interval repre ‘ents transgression of he ea, alteica staggered one, ‘ota pre Penniyvanian erosional surface Beach, barier‘sland, and ffs sand barshave teen described inthe lower Marow (MeManus, 195; Adams, 1964; Khaivia, 1972; Franz, 1984) and se commonly refered taste "Keys sandsones" (GRasee and Adler, 1982). Those esroi rocks are Tendcular and rage from poo 9 wel sore, very fine 0 case gralned,glancenie, fssliferos, ldsparsich 0 ‘lan quartz sndstones, commonly wit pores pat led ‘byedet, dolomite, quart, and koi o eho clay ‘minerals (rine, 198). The upper Morow sna was ‘dominated by Nuvi depositional condons hat reflect sillstand or minor regression ofthe ea. Specie ‘epostonal envionment icine seam-nouth tt, ‘datibusry chanel, and vil poit-bar sandstones (Swanson, 19795 Franz, 1984). These sansones are ansmonly couse rane, cll conglomerates teed, and ber plant fos. Carona cements nd clay mineral are again resent, The primary source for those sediments appears wo have bee he Transcontinental ch that roses norern Colorado and western Nebraska. ‘The Cent Kans uplift and Sirs Grande wpiftin Soueaste Colorado were locally very porn Soares of sediment "The Aiba sodimenis in southwesiorn Kansas re arepettve sequence of thin limestones and sales and reflec a more extnsve inundation ofthe sea oo the ‘content. Local Atka-age, ecu sindsones were wobably doposid along the ester iit as ancient ‘orline sediment in western Kansas analogous 0 he “Morrow, although these deposits have ye be reo rine, Significant oll and gs fields in Kansas produce ‘rom primary Feniut wppee Morow sandstones ranging in thcknes from 2 0 60 (05-182 m). SEU tural-sragrphic aps dominate Fels producing fom “Morrow sandstone in weste Kansas. Stroctral oboe: Aver have ese in lay Belds with Morow ‘ndsoncs, which locally produce srs the souctures. ‘The Eubank ld in Haskell County sa lage mli-py Seld located on a siniian anticline which was revealed ‘by mapping shallower Permian sata. The Morow isa minor pay here becaise i contin lenticular sandstone ot lined extent Fugit and Wilkinson, 1959). Another Marrow sandstone isan oll servo along is pinch out at the noch end ofthe Plesit Pre anticline is Finney, eam, and Haskell countes (Roby. 1958) Sand sccumulate ina suucturl sade at ihe Soquyan eld, 8 mal fil in Finney County (Tucker, 1959), and ina [ena deposit on he eet of another antlne athe Paterson fd in Kearney Coun, a small but highly rodectve fld Davis, 1959. The Taloga fein ‘Merton Cnty procs ol fom seve Morrow sandsones on at asymumetr anticline (Anonymous, 19599, Significant gas Ses producing rom the Moow ia sowhwestem Kans iteludo the Harper Ranch pool in| ‘Car Coungy, interpreted as an ofshore sand aecamuls- ton in an embayment longa shoreline (Wait, 1936). “The wap in bo McKinney field in Meade and Catk courier occur ssn upp pinch cut of sandstone discov. fred using subsurface geology techniques Gamiesoa, 1959}; Liberal Southeast eld in Seward County, eoleum accumulation ina leniculr Morrow sandstone servi discovered by cre dling ofa structural Snoraly associated withthe Permian Sine Covtl maker, era-Light field also ia Seward County. large stat- ‘phic wap found by random ili (Stobmeye, 1959) ‘The Interstue il scoverd in Monon Couny sing subsarface a simi mets produces as an ol fom ‘lencular lower Morrow sndsone which crosses an ‘avin (Anonymous, 19892). The Spars field has ick, ‘sel and loner Morrow sndsiones on stuctural closure discovered by seismic prospecting (Rupp, 1959), The ‘Lexington field in Clark County large fed asocned [ 42 set su) cNy 110 Mi suo M110 UNOLY ONY MOXLOW 6 ita tik, valley Morrow sandstone which rest on tn unconformity developed on the Mississippian rocks (Watney and Paul, 1983). Dilling for Morrow prodction is concentrated along established prodeton wai he soutber Ura ‘ounies and in Finney and Haske counts, Reset Morrow discoveries sn extensions in exeme west ‘Kansas and casem Colorado indicate avorabecondiions {orci sceumlaion in thes ares (aul and Beene, 1985). Morrow sandsiane reservoirs ae highly lecular and are the result ofa range of depositional condidons. A low deiling dns and ck of core and etd Tene of thes ocks hve required that exploratory prospects nvlve primarily sutra ppg. Dring based on mapping of tallow structural anomalies has on very sucesfl in nding moderato arg ied fields seh asthe Eatank field in Haskell Coun, Liberal Southeast in Seward County, and Pleas Pra ld a Finny, Keay, and Haske counts, Sima, he dling of seismically dtc strctres bas also reed In sigaicac ol nd as discoveries (ech ae the MeKin. ey il in Meade and Car counts, Richi lin ‘Mortoa County, and Sparks ld in Stanton and Morton cues). ‘Basal Morow valley sandsones folowing a Southeasto-northves tend analogous to Lexington field ‘nC County wil offer continu exloatien tet Subsirtace maoxs have bon credited with the discovery ‘ofsome ofthe Mocow al and gas ek ncading Len- ington and Harpe Ranch, alhoggh reflections ofthe sand: ston esr a Lexinglon ik are viii on igh resolution, CDP seismic protest cos the ld. What fave ber ound dat ar primary combination scuctal-suugraphic wap nvaving pith 0 of sandstones along an unconformity o ensing ut of anton ino sale. As the infceation base rows the “nowedge of depositional trends should permit improved ‘sessment of eharaterisice of satiric tps, which should hep to lower the rik ini exploration and evelopment Cherokee and Marmaton (Desmoinesian, Middle Pennsylvanian) Ange aca of i and gas production from the Cherokee Group and the Marmaton Groyp i fad in ‘etem Kansas the Chere basin et of te Nea ‘pli. The map ofthis prodotion (gu 22) only Alispaysaponion of th producing wells om his terval incase Kanses because many ofthe felts producing ‘fom Cherokee and Marna escrvoirs were disovered sd exploited before aerate records wee Kept on exploratory and production dling. Anodes concena- tion fe production ison andinmediaely west of te ‘Ceral Kansas ulin. Oil and gas peoduction ar ako scared aro spawest Kans and the Pra ating ino cenral Kast, ‘The Cherokee Group, the lower of te two soups, isa succession of shale wi etal sadstones, thin coals and minor Himestones (Zeer, 1968). The epost are predominanly oil diac, with noe teresa and open marine rocks. The major prosucing sandstones in asom Kansas, sucha along the “Golden nes," have en deseried os marine bar posts and ‘meandering alluvial team deposits (Rich, 1923 Rich, 1926 Bass, 1934; Halo, 1979). Many lesser Cherokee sandstones So abun in this area of he sate aves ‘been described as dstribaary chanel and crevasse splay epesis which were part of socesive deli depositional systems Haris, 188). Theol and gas cammonly scoumalate ia uplipsreas ofthese sandstone bois, and onsoquenty they have Bea classified as coabination srucural-strgrphicwaps (Busch, 1959), In wesiem Kansas the Cherokee Group becomes ‘much more marine, with inastons evenly eplating the sandstones of the east, parculry inthe upper ‘Cherokee. The Cherokee Group wat deposed on an ‘existe pr-Peanylvanian erosion surface onthe flsks fan over he crest ofthe Central Kansas uplift whee it Tocaly pinches out. Lenicalar sends occapy the [ower Cheroee including thse Ha il valleys ised ino the underyng saa, apparently cu by rivers deste ff Cenual Kansas pit (Wale an obs, 1979), ‘The bal Pennsyvanan sandstones and conglomeraos Joely dost duvng the Cherokee and Marmaton Jmerals are best developed the vii of wll, which wera major source area for hese depos, The {sal Pennsylvanian conglomerate can range in gop ‘Missourian aol ae on he eet ofthe Cen Kansas and Nemaha uplift, where he Kansas City Ooo rests dey on the Precambrian and Arburkle (Merriam, 1963), Tn gener, de age of the basal Pennsylvanian

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