PREFACE

The knowledge of any subject is incomplete until it is done practically.

Electrical & Electronics particularly requires a thorough knowledge of practical
training for a comprehensive understanding. The progress is certainly based on
the discovery of the new facts.

The science of computers has grown tremendously over the last few
decades and day by day new technologies are being added to this ever growing
vast field. The young scientists and field scholars must be appreciated for their
training and field work.

This report describes the work carried out by me during one month
internship at IOCL Sanganer (Pumping Station). During this period, I have
understood a lot of things related to the working of a boosting station in its
different divisions under Electrical dept and Electronics dept. This has developed
a sense of confidence in me. I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in
my career development. This internship is proved to be a good practical
experience and has also enhanced my technical knowledge. A lot of credit goes
to my instructors who helped me all the way from the very beginning.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The internship opportunity I had with IOCL Sanganer was a great chance for
learning and gaining practical knowledge. Therefore, I consider myself as a very
lucky individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also
grateful for having a chance to meet so many wonderful people and
professionals who led me through this internship period.

I would like to acknowledge my profounds and sincere gratitude for their careful
and precious guidance which were extremely valuable for my study both
theoretically and practically. I offer thanks and gratitude to all the respondents
who extended so earnestly their co-operation answering the queries on time and
helping me in the internship period.

I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will

strive to use gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way and I will
continue to work on their improvement, in order to attain desired career
objectives.
 CONTENTS

1) PREFACE

2) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3) INTRODUCTION

4) PCC-MCC PANEL

5) SANGANER STATION OVERVIEW

6) DETECTORS

7) FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

8) CATHODIC PROTECTION
 INTRODUCTION

Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. operates a network of crude oil and pipeline products
with a capacity of 71.60 million tons per year. Transmission pipelines are
recognized worldwide as the safest, most cost effective, energy efficient and
environmentally friendly way to transport crude oil and petroleum products.

The Indian-11 crude oil pipeline year 2010-11 registered 38.46 million metric
tons. The largest crude oil treatment plant in Vadinar has marked the berthing of
the 4000th tanker since its inception. The center operates with offshore Single
Point Mooring (SPM) projects, feeding the Koyali, Mathura and Panipat cleaners.
To increase efficiency and emerge as a more expensive supplier, Indian Oil has
added a 330-kilometer crude oil pipeline to the Paradip-Haldia (PHPCL) in a busy
pipeline network during the year. The PHCPL system has Single Point Mooring
installed 20 km from the shores of Paradip. With this, it is now able to pump
crude oil from the largest crude carriers to a septic farm established at sea and
further on to Haldia via pipeline. Pipeline has replaced the first system for the
acquisition of crude oil at the port of Haldia by small tanks. On the west coast,
the Mundra-Panipat pipeline has also been added to transport 3 Million Metric
Tonne Per Annum (MMTPA) crude oil to the Panipat Refinery, under an extension
from 12 to 15 MMTPA. Additional demand for crude oil for Koyali, Mathura and
Panipat refineries is planned to be met by eliminating bottles and adding the
Salaya-Mathura Pipeline system. Indian oil production pipelines, which link their
refineries directly to the mostly widely used facilities, received 20.92 million tons
of revenue between 2010-11. Indian Oil has now joined a select group of
companies in India that owns and operates LPG pipelines by building the first
cross-country border linking Panipat and Jalandhar. In addition to providing better
use, the pipeline can transport 700,000 tonnes of LPG from Kohand near Panipat
refinery to bottled plantings in India oil in Jalandhar and Nabha in the Punjab.
The pipeline will also reach simultaneously to meet the needs of the LPG at Una
and Baddi in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Leh at J&K. A 36-kilometer
pipeline from the existing Devangonthi airport to New Bengaluru International
Airport, Devanhalli, and Bengaluru was installed in October 2008.
 PCC-MCC PANEL

1) 11kV 800A VCB

A vacuum circuit breaker is a kind of circuit breaker where the arc quenching
takes place in a vacuum medium. The operation of switching ON and closing of
current carrying contacts and interrelated arc interruption takes place in a
vacuum chamber in the breaker which is called a vacuum interrupter.

2) TRANSFORMER 11kV/440V 630KVA

Transformer is a static machine used for transforming power from one circuit to
another without changing the frequency. As there is no rotating or moving parts, a
transformer is classified as a static device. Transformer operates on an AC
supply, Transformers operate based on the principle of mutual induction.
A oil tank is present above transformer having a level meter which acts as a
buffer. If oil level goes down in transformer, it fills the transformer with oil to
maintain its level and vice versa.
Why oil : Oil have low specific heat then water which means oil can be heated to
high temperature with relatively smaller input of energy than water.
Oil acts as an coolent, insulator, good conductor of heat.
- BUCHHOLZ RELAY :
A Buchholz relay is a safety device mounted on oil filled power transformers,
equipped with an external overhead oil reservoir called a conservator.
Buchholz relays are used as a protective device, as they are sensitive to the
effects of dielectric failure that can occur inside the equipment they protect.
Buchholz relays are a type of gas detection relay.

3) 630A ACB

An air circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch that uses

air to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from an
overload or short circuit. Its primary function is to interrupt current flow after a
fault is detected. When this happens, an arc will appear between the contacts
that have broken the circuit. Air circuit breakers use compressed air to blow out
the arc, or alternatively, the contacts are rapidly swung into a small sealed
chamber, the escaping of the displaced air, thus blowing out the arc.

4) PMCC Panel:
(Power - motor control center)
Panel is used to distribute the power through the panels. It is then distributed
to the different motor loads. PMCC is combination of Power control center and
motor control center.
PCC panel controls power supply in large industrial as well as commercial units.
Power supplied to big and heavy machineries, equipments, motors and
transformers are controlled as per requirement.
Protective relays, Indication lamp, meters are to be provided whichever required.
PCC control panel are offered with various design like Top/Middle/Horizontal bus
bar chambers, Panel with Al or Cu bus bar.

5) AMF Panel:

Automatic mains failure panels are installed as part of a automatic generator

installation. The AMF is connected to the generator set to power control the
operational functions. Once a power cut is detected, it automatically signals the
generator to start and support the load.

6) APFC Panel:

Automatic power factor control panels are very much used to control Industrial
Power Consumption by stabilizing power factor. APFC unit consists of a micro
controller which stage wise detects the power factor value, if the power factor
goes below 0.9 (lagging) during peak hours it automatically connects capacitor
banks to improve it.
Due to presence of inductive load, their is delay in current with respect to voltage.
So when voltage is maximum, current might not be maximum. As a result, power
cannot be maximum. In order to improve the power, capacitor is used so that
current will lead the voltage and hence the delay of current can be cancelled.

7) MOVDB & LDB Panel:

MOVDB - Motor operated valves distribution board.

LDB - Light distribution board.

8) Switch Fuse unit (SFU):

It is a compact combination, generally metal enclosed of a switch and a fuse.

It is very widely used for low and medium voltages. The ratings of SFU are in the
range 30,60,100,......800 Amp.

9) MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker):

MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker):

An MCB is an electromagnetic device that embodies a complete enclosure in a

molded insulating material. MCBs are time delay tripping devices, to which the
magnitude of overcurrent controls the operating time. This means, these get
operated whenever overloads exist long enough to create a danger to the circuit
being protected.
One of the greatest advantages of an MCB is that it ensures equal distribution of
electrical energy across all the devices.
- SP (Single pole) MCCB : In single pole MCCB, switching & protection is
affected in only one phase.
- DP (Double pole) MCCB : In two pole MCCB, switching & protection is affected
in phases and neutral.
- TP (Triple pole) MCCB : In three pole MCCB, switching & protection is affected
in only three phases and the neutral is not part of the MCCB.
 SANGANER STATION OVERVIEW

1) MOV (Motor operated valves) :

Motor operated valves are valves which are actuated by electric motors.
Motor operated valves are generally large valves used in different kinds of
operations. Due to the large size of the valve actuator, an electric motor is
needed to open or close a valve. Different types of motor operated valves are
defined based on how those valves are actually opened or closed and what
applications they are used for.
Types of motor operated valves are actually dependent on what kind of flow
control can be achieved with these automated valves.
An electric motor is mounted on the valve and geared to the valve stem so that
when the motor operates the valve will open or close. For this MOV, motor
operated with actuator control from local panel or from control panel is required.

Rating and specifications of MOV :

2) STRAINER :

- Basket strainer:
A closed vessel with cleanable screen element designed to remove and
retain foreign particles down to 0.001 inch diameter from various flowing
fluids.
Basket strainers are designed for installation in horizontal lines.

Maintenance :
Before the removal or loosening of any bushing, cap, plug ensure that their
is zero pounds pressure in the system. Only after the system has been
depressurized, strainer should be drained for service
.
3) TURBINE FLOW METER :

Turbine flow meters use the mechanical energy of the liquid to rotate a rotor
within the flown stream. The rotational speed is directly proportional to the
velocity of the fluid traveling through the meter. These meters are used in
multiple industries to reliably measure liquid, gases and vapors.

4) PUMPS used in IOCL can be Engine driven pumps or Motor driven pumps
which operates through engine and motor respectively.

NRV (Non returnable valve) : Connected between inlet and outlet of each pump.
This valve is also called as one way valve and is designed to allow fluid to flow in
one direction only, therefore preventing the liquid from flowing back upstream of
the valve.

5) PRESSURE SWITCH, PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER:

Pressure switch are used to monitor pressure in pneumatic systems by

providing an output when a set pressure is reached, as well as improving
operation and safety.
A pressure transmitter is a device that measures the pressure of a fluid,
indicating the force the fluid is exerting on surfaces in contact with it and
transmitting it to the control system.
A temperature transmitter is a device that measures the temperature of a fluid
and transmits data to the control system.

6) SRB, SLB AND PIGGING :

SRB stands for scraper receiving barrel and SLB stands for scraper launching
barrel. A Scraper detector (SD) is also present before SRB.

PIGGING is the practice of using pipeline inspection gauges or gadgets, devices

generally referred to as pigs or scrapers, to perform various maintenance
operations. This is done without stopping the flow of the product in the pipeline.
7) DRA (Drag Reducing Agent) :

Drag reducing agents are additives in pipelines that reduce turbulence in a

pipe. Usually used in petroleum pipelines, they increase the pipeline capacity by
reducing turbulency and increasing laminar flow.

8) OWS (Oil water separator) :

An oil water separator is a piece of equipment used to separate oil and water
mixture into their separate components. Oil water separators are designed
specifically to target oil based on the gravity difference between oil and water,
allowing for heavier solids to settle to the bottom while oil rises to the top, leaving
additional wastewater in the middle layer.

9) TRV (Thermal relief valves) :

These valves are also known as thermal safety valves. It is a safety device
employed in liquid piping and pipeline systems to protect the equipment and
system. When the thermal expansion of a liquid creates excessive pressure
inside a closed system, the thermal relief valve pops up to release some fluid and
bring down the pressure back to an acceptable limit.
 DETECTORS

Detector is a device that converts an amount of radiation into some other

measurable phenomenon. Ultimately, most of these other measurable
phenomenon will be tied to an electrical signal.

1) MULTI SENSOR DETECTOR :

Multi-sensor detectors use a combination of more than one type of sensor -

smoke, heat or carbon monoxide - to detect the presence of a fire.
A photoelectric smoke detector contains a source of infrared, visible, or ultraviolet
light, a lens and a photoelectric receiver. In some types, the light emitted by the
light source passes through the air being tested and reaches the photosensor.

2) HEAT DETECTOR :

A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convected
thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element.
Heat detectors have two main classifications of operation, “rate of rise” and “fixed
temperature”.

3) FLAME DETECTOR :

A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence

of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame
depend on the installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel
line and activating a fire suppression system. A flame detector can often respond
faster and more accurately than a smoke or heat detector due to the
mechanisms it uses to detect the flame.
i) CO2 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS :

CO2 fire extinguishers contain pure carbon dioxide which is a clean

extinguishant, leaving no residue. Suitable for class B flammable liquid fires, and
recommended for use on live electrical equipment.
As CO2 works by displacing the oxygen around the fire, it is not suitable for
outdoor use, or in environments exposed to windy conditions.

ii) CLEAN AGENT :

A clean agent is a type of fire extinguishing agent that is electrically non

conductive, volatile or gaseous and that does not leave a residue upon
evaporation. Clean agent fire suppression systems make use of an inert gas or
chemical that is stored in a container and discharged when a fire is detected.

iii) DCP :

DCP stands for dry chemical powder which is inside the extinguisher and is
actual fire suppressant.
 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

A fire fighting system is an activity of prevention during a fire spread in any

pumping station, refinery etc with the use of proper fire safety equipment like
extinguisher, hose reels, fire monitors, nozzles and hose pipes.

Fire fighting pipe is a type of normal carbon steel pipe used to convey fire
suppression agent such as water and to maintain pressurized water in the line
we use JOCKEY PUMP.

FOAM FLOODING SYSTEM : Fire protection systems in hazardous areas of the

oil industry require unique extinguishing systems as foam is considered the best
extinguishing agent for liquid fires.

AFFF : Aqueous Film Forming Foam is a fire suppressant used to extinguish

flammable liquid fires such as fuel fires.
 SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT
INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED (SANGANER)
(1st June to 30th June 2022)

Submitted by : HEMANT SHARMA

¾ B.TECH
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
NIT WARANGAL

Submitted on : 1st July, 2022