Technical Report Writing

On
Introduction to Fuzzy Sets

Submitted by
NAME – SHOURJA GANGULY
UNIVERSITY ROLL NUMBER – 16900119031
DEPARTMENT – COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING – 1
SEMESTER – 7TH(ODD)
SUBJECT – SOFT COMPUTING
SUBJECT CODE – PEC-CS702B

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
AEDCONAGAR,HOOGHLY-712121
WEST BENGAL, INDIA
 ABSTRACT
The subject of this technical report writing is fuzzy sets and the basic issues
related to them. It discusses concepts of fuzzy sets , fuzzy variable , member
function , defuzzification , COG method of defuzzification and architecture of
fuzzy logic .

INTRODUCTION
The word “fuzzy” means “vaguness (ambiguity)”.Fuzzy sets - 1965 Lotfi Zadeh as
an extension of classical notation set. A fuzzy set is a class of objects with a
continuum of grades of membership. Such a set is characterized by a membership
(characteristic) function which assigns to each object a grade of membership
ranging between zero and one. The notions of inclusion, union, intersection,
complement, relation, convexity, etc., are extended to such sets, and various
properties of these notions in the context of fuzzy sets are established. In
particular, a separation theorem for convex fuzzy sets is proved without requiring
that the fuzzy sets be disjoint.
Fuzzy sets can be considered as an extension and gross oversimplification of
classical sets. It can be best understood in the context of set membership.
Basically it allows partial membership which means that it contain elements that
have varying degrees of membership in the set.

PROCEDURE AND DISCUSSION

Fuzzy Set
A fuzzy set is a pair where is a set (often required to be non-empty) and a
membership function. The reference set (sometimes denoted by or ) is called
universe of discourse, and for each the value is called the grade of membership of
in . The function is called the membership function of the fuzzy set .
Fuzzy Variable
A quantity that can take on linguistic rather than precise numerical values. For
example, a fuzzy variable, yield might have values such as “high,” “medium,” and
“low.”

Membership Function
Membership functions characterize fuzziness (i.e., all the information in fuzzy set),
whether the elements in fuzzy sets are discrete or continuous .Membership
functions can be defined as a technique to solve practical problems by experience
rather than knowledge .Membership functions are represented by graphical forms
.Rules for defining fuzziness are fuzzy too.

Defuzzification
Defuzzification is the process of obtaining a single number from the output of the
aggregated fuzzy set. It is used to transfer fuzzy inference results into a crisp
output. In other words, defuzzification is realized by a decision-making algorithm
that selects the best crisp value based on a fuzzy set. There are several forms of
defuzzification including center of gravity (COG), mean of maximum (MOM), and
center average methods. The COG method returns the value of the center of area
under the curve and the MOM approach can be regarded as the point where
balance is obtained on a curve .

COG method of Defuzzification

The basic principle in CoG method is to find the point x∗ where a vertical line
would slice the aggregate into two equal masses.
Architecture of Fuzzy Logic

CONCLUSION
In real world, there exist much fuzzy knowledge (i.e. vague, uncertain inexact etc).
Human thinking and reasoning (analysis, logic, interpretation) frequently involved
fuzzy information. Human can give satisfactory answers, which are probably true.
Our systems are unable to answer many question because the systems are
designed based upon classical set theory (Unreliable and incomplete). We want,
our system should be able to cope with unreliable and incomplete information.
Fuzzy system have been provide solution.
 REFERENCE
1. https://nitsri.ac.in/Department/Computer%20Science%20&%20Engineerin
g/FuzzyLogic.pdf
2. https://codecrucks.com/center-of-gravity-method-for-defuzzification/
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_set
4. Priciples of Soft Computing , S N Sivanandam , S. Sumathi, John Wiley &
Sons
5. A beginners approach to Soft Computing, Samir Roy & Udit
Chakraborty,Pearson