Chapter IV

Republic of the Philippines
University of Antique Hamtic Campus

Guintas, Hamtic, Antique
College of Teacher Education
Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Hamtic is a coastal municipality in the province of Antique.
The municipality has a land area of 113.03 square kilometers or
43.64 square miles which constitutes 4.14% of Antique's total
area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 52,685.
This represented 8.59% of the total population of Antique
province, or 0.66% of the overall population of the Western
Visayas region. Hamtic was formerly named Antique, after which
the province was named. It is the oldest town and the first
capital of the province before it was transferred to San Jose de
Buenavista in 1802. The town speaks three dialects, namely
Hamtikanon (a unique town dialect), Karay-a (the lingua franca of
Antique province), and Hiligaynon (the regional dialect).
Figure 1. Map of
Hamtic, Antique and MPA
sites.
(Source:
www.hamtic.gov.ph)
SUMMARY DATA
Type municipality
Island group Visayas
Region Western Visayas (Region VI)
Province Antique
Barangay count 47
Postal code 5715
Coastal/Landlocked Coastal
Marine waterbodies Sulu Sea
Philippine major island(s) Panay
Area (2013) 113.03 km2 (43.64 sq mi)
Population (2020) 52,685
Density (2020) 466 / km2 (1,207 / sq mi)
Coordinates 10° 42' North, 121° 59' East
(10.7006, 121.9810)
Estimated elevation above 9.4 meters (30.7 feet)
sea level
A. Brief Profile of Study Area

FIGURE 2: Location of Municipslity of Hamtic
SOURCE: WWW.philatlas.ph
Pu-ao is situated at approximately 10.6711, 121.9801,
in the island of Panay. Elevation at these coordinates is
estimated at 9.1 meters or 29.9 feet above mean sea level.
Pu-ao is a barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, in the
province of Antique. Its population as determined by the
2020 Census was 1,168. This represented 2.22% of the total
population of Hamtic.
Dangcalan is situated at approximately 10.6761,
121.9791, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these
coordinates is estimated at 8.3 meters or 27.2 feet above

mean sea level. Dangcalan is a barangay in the municipality
of Hamtic, in the province of Antique. Its population as
determined by the 2020 Census was 409. This represented
0.78% of the total population of Hamtic
Calala is situated at approximately 10.6822, 121.9779,
Calala is a barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, in the
2020 Census was 890. This represented 1.69% of the total
population of Hamtic.
La Paz is situated at approximately 10.7076, 121.9700,
La Paz is a barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, in the
2020 Census was 2,222. This represented 4.22% of the total
population of Hamtic
Budbudan is situated at approximately 10.7256,

mean sea level. Budbudan is a barangay in the municipality
determined by the 2020 Census was 1,090. This represented
2.07% of the total population of Hamtic.
Piape I is situated at approximately 10.7282,
mean sea level. Piape I is a barangay in the municipality
3.19% of the total population of Hamtic.
Malandog is situated at approximately 10.7232,
mean sea level. Malandog is a barangay in the municipality
4.43% of the total population of Hamtic

A. Perceived Conditions of Milkfish Ponds and Resources
Respondents share their perceptions, regarding the current
conditions of the ponds in Hamtic, which are their common
problems are the sustainability of seawater, because the
drainage and canals are blocked by waste like plastics, that’s
why the water in ponds are polluted.
B. Variables of the Study

Educational Attainment
Socio-economic Status
Age
Sex
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT IN MILKFISH BREEDING

For you, what is management?
50
45
40
35
30
Percentage
25
20
15
10
5
0
Following the correct Maintenance of ponds Proper feeding of fish
process in milkfish breeding
FIGURE 1
When the respondents asked about their ideas of what is
management for them. Forty-three percent answered that management
is “following the correct process in milkfish breeding” as the
highest answer and thirty percent of respondents also says,
“Maintenance kang punong” (Maintenance of pond). But there also
few of the respondents answered that management for them is,
“Proper feeding of fish” which is twenty-seven percent as the
lowest answer.
The respondent’s response from the question about their
ideas as they believed that this are what management for them.
Where in their ideas has a similarity.

What is the importance of management?
70
60
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
Proper growth and increase in production Small chances of mortality
FIGURE 2
Respondents also share their ideas of what is the importance
management from their experiences. Wherein almost or sixty-three
percent of the respondents answered that for them the importance
of management is “Ang importansiya na kara kung may management,
manami ang pagragkol kang awa kag bugana ang produksiyon kang
isda” (The importance of management, the milkfish will properly
grow and increase the production of fish). There are some of the
respondents also said, “Kung may management gamay ang mortality
kang isda” (If there’s management, a small chances of mortality)
which is thirty-seven percent. There are a lot of respondents
believed that with management, the milkfish will properly grow
and also it is very helpful to increase the production of fish
and it is really important in breeding of milkfish.
What is the difference between with and without management?

80
60
Percentage
40
20
0
Increase income (with management) and With management the milkfish will
Loss profit(without management) properly grow
FIGURE 3
When in terms of the difference between with and without
management, almost of the respondents agreed that it is big
difference when it has management. Wherein thirty-seven percent
said “Iba gid tana ang insakto nga pag dumara kay bahol ang
mabulig na kag nami epekto na sa pagsagod kag bahol ang income.
Kag kung wara ti pag dumara sa pag sagod ka awa, ti pirdi
gid”(There is big difference with management because it is a big
help and has a good effect especially in incomes, while without
management you will loss profit). And there are also respondents
said that “Kung may insakto nga pagdumara nami man pag ragkol ka
isda mo kag isot mapatay”(If there’s management milkfish will
properly grow).
Based from the answer, majority of respondents agreed that it is
big difference when it has management compared to without
management.
How do you value management in milkfish breeding?

60
40
20
P e r ce n t ag e
FIGURE 4
Figure 4 shows how the respondents value the management in
terms of breeding their milkfish. Out of 40 respondents in total,
almost half of them said “Sa pag sunod sa insakto nga pag dumara
sa pagsagod sa awa” (In a way of implementing and practice the
management in milkfish breeding).But there are twenty-eight
percent of them answered that they value management through
asking from their fellow breeders about their ideas. They said
“Naga pamangkot sa iba kun ano ang mayad, kag naga patudlo” (By
asking to other breeders about their ideas and learn from them).
And other said “Naga bantay kang fishpond kag pagpakaon kang awa”
(By securing the pond and proper feeding of milkfish) which is
twenty-two percent in average.
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT IN BREEDING OF MILKFISH

How management affect the breeding process of your milkfish?
50
40
30
Percentage
20
10
0
It has a good effect from The milkfish will properly The milkfish will be secure
the start of breeding until grow and can avoid in problem
the end
FIGURE 5
Figure 5 show the positive response of respondents of how
the management affect the breeding process of milkfish among the
breeders in selected Barangay in the Municipality of Hamtic.
When the respondents asked of how the management affects
their breeding process of milkfish, it shows that the result of
gathered data conclude that there has a good effect the
management in terms of breeding process of their milkfish. Forty-
five percent of the respondent said that “Kung sundon ang sakto
nga pagsagod halin sa gamay paagto sa bahol, nami mangin epekto
na kara kag maka-income (It has a good effect from the start of
breeding until the end) thirty percent of them answered “The
milkfish will properly grow”. And there is twenty-five percent of
respondents answered “The milkfish will secure and can avoid in
problem”.
What are the advantages of following the right management in

milkfish breeding?
45
40
35
30
Percentage
25
20
15
10
5
0
Return of investment Milkfish will properly grow Avoid from failure
FIGURE 6
In figure 6, it presents the answers of the respondents,
which answered to the question about advantages of following the
right management in milkfish breeding. Out of one hundred
percent, 40% answered that “The advantage of that is your
investment will return”, and 35% of them said that “The milkfish
will properly grow” then lastly 25% of them said that “It can
help to avoid from failure”. That’s why it presents that mostly
of the breeders are really following the right management in
breeding of milkfish, the highest percent that gathered from the
respondents is 40% which is “Ang bintaha na kara, mabalik ang
profit ukon gastos, kung gina sunod ang insakto nga pag sagod ka
awa” (The advantage of that is your investment will return) and
the lowest percent of the data gathered from the respondents is
25 percent “maka likaw sa gina tawag nga failure” (It can help to
avoid failure).
Specifically, the respondents are really following the right
management in breeding of milkfish. And they are doing their best
to avoid failure, because they also have their own ideas in
breeding.
Is Capital really important in management and breeding of

milkfish?
37%
63%
Yes No
FIGURE 7
Majority of “Yes” that Capital is really important in
management and breeding of milkfish. This indicates that without
Capital the effectiveness of management and breeding process of
milkfish among milkfish breeder cannot be implement.
In average of sixty-three percent of respondents as milkfish
breeder from selected Barangay in Municipality of Hamtic, a
majority of “Yes” that Capital is really important in management
and breeding of milkfish. They said “Huod, importante gid kay
no.1 mahal ang bili kang semilya”(Yes, it is really important
because no.1 the cost of fry is expensive). However, thirty-seven
percent “No” that for them Capital is not really important. They
said “Para kanakon basta lain lang acidic ang dalaag, biskan wara
ron kwarta basta patubuan lang kang lumot”(For me, it’s okay if
the pond is not acidic, even if there’s no capital let the
“lablab” grows.
In management, why quality of fish is important than quantity?

120
100
80
Percentage
60
40
20
0
1
FIGURE 8
In figure 8, it shows the answers of respondents, when the
respondent asked, the question about, why quality of fish is
important than quantity, all of the respondents answered that
quality of fish is important than quantity.
According to the data gathered one hundred percent of the
respondents said that,“Importante ang kalidad kang isda kay kung
may kalidad isda mo duro ang mabakal” (A lot of costumer will buy
and appreciate when your fish has a good quality). All of the
respondents agreed that it is really important that your fish has
its quality, because it is demand in the market.

STRATEGIES OF MANAGEMENT IN MILKFISH BREEDING

For you, what is the proper way of breeding milkfish?
40
30
P e rce n tage
20
10
0
FIGURE 9
Figure 9 presents the data gathered, which answered to the
question, for you, what is the proper way of breeding milkfish?
Which is out of 100%, 38% answered that “Kung semilya palang,
ibutang anay tana sa screen ukon kwadro kag isaylo dun sa lapad
kung magbahol. Kag secure gid sa mga samok-samok” (Fry must put
first in a screen and transfer in huge area if already matured,
and always secure it in predators), 35% of the respondents
answers that “Pakan-on gid ang awa 3x a day para magragkol kag
taason ang kahon kag eh maintenance ang punong” (milkfish must be
feed 3x a day and maintenance of the pond) and 27% respondents
that remains said that “Kialangan dapat ga guwa sulod tubig para
mag ilis kang bag-o” (Water from the pond must continuously
flowing inside and out or changing).

Specifically, in this data the highest response of the
respondents is thirty-eight percent which direct answers the
question, and the lowest is twenty-seven percent responses which
is about the changing of water to avoid water pollution and
clogging of waste.
What are the materials that you are using in breeding milkfish?
70
60
50
Percentage
40
30
20
10
0
Screen Net lag-i
FIGURE 10
Figure 10 show the top 3 major materials that the milkfish
breeders use in breeding of their milkfish. Out of seven selected
Barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, the gathered data show
that the no.1 major material that used by the milkfish breeder is
“screen” which twenty-five or 63% of the respondents answered
this. Aside from screen, some of the respondents answered that
they also used “net” in breeding of their milkfish (25%) and few
of them answered that they also used “lag-i” for the purpose of
securing their fry (semilya) in predators.
Respondents identify this three (3) major materials because
according to them “Wara dun man kami ti iba nga gina gamit kundi
amo lang man ra” (That is what we are using of and there is
nothing else).
Have you observed that you have unique strategies compared to

other breeders?
100
80
Percentage
60
40
20
0
Yes, I had my own strategies. Just the same also with other breeders
FIGURE 11
Respondents believed that they have unique strategies from
other breeders. Out of forty respondents 88% confident to answer
that they have unique strategies compared from other breeders.
They say “Huod, may diyan gid nga akon lang”(Yes, I had my own
strategies). However, few of them answered that their strategies
are also the same with other breeders (12%).
What are the examples of old strategies and the new strategies?
120
100
80
Percentage
60
40
20
0
1
FIGURE 12
It is interesting to note that the respondents indicate that
they use organic like “lablab” to feed on their milkfish as they
defined as their old strategies.
An average of 100%, majority of respondents defined that
they are using organic/natural food to feed their milkfish as
example of their old strategies. According to them on their past
experiences as a milkfish breeder, organic like “lablab” is what
they feed on their milkfish but they also indicates that at
presents they are now using commercial feed “Kauna, organic ang
gina pakaon namon sa isda, parehas kang lablab kag kadya tana
feeds ron”. They believed that using organic like “lablab” makes
a good impact in their breeding especially in production of their
milkfish “Mas nami tana ang organic kay nami ang mangin resulta
na sa imo isda kag manami man ang produksyon mo kara”.

MILKFISH BREEDING DEVELOPED THE LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMIC IMPACT

AMONG THE BREEDER
How did milkfish breeding affect your livelihood?

P e rce n tage
90
60
30
0
FIGURE 13
Respondents share their experiences about how did milkfish
breeding affect their livelihood. According to them breeding of
milkfish give a good impact in their livelihood.
A majority of 78% of respondents indicates that breeding of
milkfish has a good effect in their livelihood. They said “Nami
ang epekto na kay tungod maka-income kag anytime kung wara ti
dapli pwedi kabuol”(it has a good effect because we can earn
income, and we can get a source of food). And aside from income
and source food, there are 22% respondents indicate that breeding
of milkfish has a big effect because according to them that’s
where they depend their livelihood “Bahol gid ang epekto na kay
tungod rugyan ako naga sarig”.

Did milkfish breeding make an impact in our economy?
120
100
80
Percentage
60
40
20
0
1
FIGURE 14
Figure 14 shows how respondents strongly agree that breeding
of make an impact in economy.
An average of 100% respondents, believed that breeding of
milkfish make an impact in the economy. When the researcher asked
if breeding of their milkfish make an impact in the economy, all
of them answered “Yes”. Because according to them breeding of
milkfish will increase the production of milkfish and it can be
export to other countries “Huod, ang halimbawa naga bahol ang
production kang awa kag gina export sa iba nga bansa”.
It shows that breeding of milkfish has significant not only
among the breeders but also in the economy. That’s why according
to them as a fish breeders, they continue to breed and value this
kind of livelihood because it’s give a lot of contribution and
make a positive impact not only for them but also in economy.
What are the contributions of being a breeder in your life?
90
80
70
Percentage
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Increase income and support the schooling Provide my daily needs
of my children
FIGURE 15
Figure 15 shows the data gathered which the respondents
answered the question, what are the contributions of being a
breeder in their lives. 85% answered that “Bahol gid ang na
contribute ka pag breed ka awa sa amun nga kabuhi, luwas sa may
porsyento, naka pa eskwela man kang mga kabataan kag ma
sustentuhan man ang pamilya” (It contributes a lot to my life as
a breeder, aside of income, it also helped my children finish
studying. And 15% of the respondents said that “nami man ang
naibulig kang pag sagod ka awa kay tungod maka bakal man ako kang
kailangan ko” (It is helpful, because of breeding Ican provide my
daily needs).
It’s overwhelming to hear that breeding milkfish contributes
a lot to the life of breeders and the livelihood status of the
breeders proves it, they have always been proud to their own
capacity to provide for their family. The respondents believed

that the solution to have a progressive and prosperous life in
being industrious and contented to what they have, and to be
gumptious and must be “madiskarte” in life.

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Chapter IV

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Republic of the Philippines

University of Antique Hamtic Campus

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Hamtic is a coastal municipality in the province of Antique.

The municipality has a land area of 113.03 square kilometers or

43.64 square miles which constitutes 4.14% of Antique's total

area. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 52,685.

This represented 8.59% of the total population of Antique

province, or 0.66% of the overall population of the Western

Visayas region. Hamtic was formerly named Antique, after which

capital of the province before it was transferred to San Jose de

Buenavista in 1802. The town speaks three dialects, namely

Hamtikanon (a unique town dialect), Karay-a (the lingua franca of

Antique province), and Hiligaynon (the regional dialect).

A. Brief Profile of Study Area

FIGURE 2: Location of Municipslity of Hamtic

Pu-ao is situated at approximately 10.6711, 121.9801,

in the island of Panay. Elevation at these coordinates is

estimated at 9.1 meters or 29.9 feet above mean sea level.

Pu-ao is a barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, in the

province of Antique. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 1,168. This represented 2.22% of the total

Dangcalan is situated at approximately 10.6761,

121.9791, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these

coordinates is estimated at 8.3 meters or 27.2 feet above

mean sea level. Dangcalan is a barangay in the municipality

of Hamtic, in the province of Antique. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 409. This represented

0.78% of the total population of Hamtic

Calala is situated at approximately 10.6822, 121.9779,

in the island of Panay. Elevation at these coordinates is

estimated at 8.2 meters or 26.9 feet above mean sea level.

Calala is a barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, in the

province of Antique. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 890. This represented 1.69% of the total

La Paz is situated at approximately 10.7076, 121.9700,

in the island of Panay. Elevation at these coordinates is

estimated at 6.9 meters or 22.6 feet above mean sea level.

La Paz is a barangay in the municipality of Hamtic, in the

province of Antique. Its population as determined by the

2020 Census was 2,222. This represented 4.22% of the total

Budbudan is situated at approximately 10.7256,

121.9791, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these

coordinates is estimated at 7.6 meters or 24.9 feet above

mean sea level. Budbudan is a barangay in the municipality

of Hamtic, in the province of Antique. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 1,090. This represented

2.07% of the total population of Hamtic.

Piape I is situated at approximately 10.7282,

121.9732, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these

coordinates is estimated at 6.6 meters or 21.7 feet above

mean sea level. Piape I is a barangay in the municipality

of Hamtic, in the province of Antique. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 1,680. This represented

3.19% of the total population of Hamtic.

Malandog is situated at approximately 10.7232,

121.9640, in the island of Panay. Elevation at these

coordinates is estimated at 7.3 meters or 23.9 feet above

mean sea level. Malandog is a barangay in the municipality

of Hamtic, in the province of Antique. Its population as

determined by the 2020 Census was 2,336. This represented

4.43% of the total population of Hamtic

A. Perceived Conditions of Milkfish Ponds and Resources