ey vancten — \ Theis the branch of Ccience hoe Aems Rate Of ener dAransfer in iediam. ov Be jn absence of medium” i,” Presence 6f fem differauce - — Het dancfen deals the ened cranstey Kette. In absence of equiltiesus while thes mady namie » deals width ends x-FA b]w wo. equil) osu Gate 5 By hak-yx-fer Shaldy we Can ectynete energy Kf. Y Kate vatany time ag ell ac We Gin esthmate hw much hime issrequired to Path cule amount of en egy, ott | Applicaton Of H ext yoFes—— | eT ower oe | > Heat ex Changer, Refrigeh ehonand Qi Condithonih 1 Bolles %, Heat~ — treatment , Super heothe\ ee Vo Mechani col eng 9: — Chem) coh wey deziyn of — cw) Pet = cowl aiane => Mat wich. Science Sy and Séruckure, => Pro duction Frocet¢ iy Presence. > Power plant OTe =P Nudeak energy : > Space engg. ) gesth exmal angry—> VAMOUL modes of Heat X—Fer @ @nduckon @nvechon Radlicthon GQ) Gnd wetion —> this amede of heat yen (hn Which ened4ty x fed tater lace In Pregence “ot hom, dieference » wehin Solita Mediumg - Gnducton a\so fares Th liguid ber of elache imbactef moleculer while in gases it fs du to dr FFustoneg Molec leg. > A Gncuckon fom Sol ato Vue ake Place from first layed oF Sold +o VWourd However Onduchon yer MNediuw, eR Place in cong . aw Ss Aue ae Re Conduchow. 7TT k dA ay = NC 4s ~ dee)° a mechanism —> is Gused ter” of electron drift , lathce Vibrahon: _= moleutle Fake het and then yx for AO breatt 0 next moleules wnouk chenyina they Pasin'o Wand id ig possible = Shot the elechou ale ant + ake Resbon cible to gain onpry ~fo one ele chon ~fo athe electou, Second -the moleutles ae ana e rH Parhatlah la enan d lay en fo ener ites differance en ery lewal ~ cuttet Vibration and “Mek Is Responsible “re the — abmerge wrthowt chang ta Ba of vilevicth da lathee vibrahou - k= Ke eC} Pure Meta ke (smoke k= be tk The By fees (ls Moke.(ise) z Founin Giendet phat Fropose Basic law of Heat nduch'ou- —s Ac Ped -founied law oF Heat Gnducton. “ Rate Of iteak x~fer Ct) Pen Unit akeor th der the Normal Ho-the div ect'oy Of Heat flow tc direcHy Fo Patonak sto tem b” gradient in’ divethon of Heat Flows” YD oe 2t Ay 3x where, > thedmal’ Conch chvity of "mater ial ©) Sn Rebresbit yo aa she. Secnd taw of thermo dy nami founiv abe also Suggested: jt ts Foasiole 2D Shady = molecebr Dckyi ™ electeon drift T+tssthe mode of Heater iy rue eneyy xfe\ Rate is Gute bez of temp’ diff. and BUR megon of We Flurd —> dhe mokon’ of the fluid Caused Some external Sauhce - @nv echby mode ef Met y-fer Ts Gilled Harnced — Gnve chow, La ) — mebon of the fluid 1S — 1% Absence of epternal Source Anak rs he) bez of censty diffe < jn PreSence GF ~temb™' agtte Cea differance’) .The Mode Heat . x-Fer fs Glled Metudal Govecton, Eyternal Qaurce — fan; Blow, GFonced (@rvechon) Gmpresso~ ete -s iF thede 1SNO ep tonal saute bez of Buy oncy digg due w dionshy diff vance C Nate ral G@nvechonymode of x— fA is ‘ of Preace | > Conversion Gaited is Presence ; nate of Atuid Haak fs? Gillet d 8ol hay . rote IN Q@ndencahan on mechanism oF Hear KFA tH UNE Chan a ee i ee deals with & Cnvechon FrocefS pros ov eats of molects Pmgcran, cence of- stembY dHfexance - mechanism that deal § wit . in wo Parts we — rivleutes which Goons @O Rardom mol (i) Bulle im abo n Bye Sour e __Arplicceon = = Heat exchanger, Air Preh eben , , (Gonveckou) ener ‘on) law of @nveHon—> Bor ler cole ebaanhn oie: » RAC Basic “Stew ton'S —Goling —_law!'—> Rabe of Heat xfer in @nvethon ig Mather GoveAned New to's (Go lhe | Que JMathemerhcalty Vo Is, Tah AsC ken stoe) | (watt) Ro Avo. hetx-fer Gro effi'ctart s ( As Surface areaCen®) ks preg ere, Surface em” Cc) te Csuroundieg sheng) or Jan Ate De Are 1" i a 4) at at Fi ferced M2 Qnveekon HadaralRad icthor—> 1g39 —= Stefn Batty man > Ratliahon mdde GF Heat xfer OCCUR =bC2 OF electro magn chic waves [n Precsdwe of Kem BO differance: this mode of Ht wet xfer rs moke affethve Aecencce-oF Hy paaheiead Medidny © in Vaccum): 5 Tis affecttye 's AL fu Pesence of Medium Too ‘ ke —> Mechanism ahe ReSpPoncible Re deat “the Retliadhan Prehomene - @ wane ean @) eee “ead E=hy = mc hy = Mc® Basic |aw oF Radicthon —> C thermal Radiah on) Stefdn Bolte man - As Pr tic law emmlclve fowr fduns enrof ct Black body ¢'s Propab‘one! #° 4 aistolke Power Yok absolute tem bm yxttT— Stefan Betgwan Gnstant o> S$. 6Ayxsr® Pm tet unit > m Kt ¢ Heat X- Fea mat Radiation uae ao Lie net = A, 9 n- CT tn C wats) Apom> Ay Fie = Az Fou (a Bi Area Crm’) +4 —s Gone evebon -a Hod Shafe_ fea har view -factar-for Parallel Geeta Foy = 1 J ER, 2 ee 2 FCG y, ) => @rtesian i | geo. 618s 25% G@- ordinate. te #Cy, @ »Bet) = Sein dmret » tof Ch, $, Oc) — Sheri cat » -for Steacly Stale —> st = 0, t= Cx y,2) te €CH, 9,2) t= €Ch, o>,9) Unstead { stile — at pone te£CUY, Ze) [uec= 4 = Steady 4 unsteady site” 4 unsteady sidtte —>=) 20 @anteson | t= Fee) | GI FCI Cy ey | ervey lecrve rd @- ghdinates Brytindvial | seieny eI LC D0) [FC ba) CO~ohdinat es Cn, 2 @shhorical Jeend lee-reno| C218) lnory €C mde) 4,40) ° @- Odintle ¢- : -) HC 10,20) 04,9, 1 | @nsehvahon of roared ai 7 Lt whehe, V)4 V2 3 Vel Ro Etect'< & 4 Fou ; Ein Bate Ein Fou #9 AS Pox analogy bas Swhce ener ich) Sag Gnsenvahon —s Rt “RK Elm: Eout : Ate emp™ dite boty fon Steady $ unthenay Sele, Re = tnermed Thame Rect once. hee BA, ee Ftutd Flaw, elect'c. aunhent U “o Ee tes Cleon. annem Pratogy with heat x—fe Rate. fe Mc: je WiVe, Av & q® Grau io. Rye BA vL Ros thermal Ruch once Be wol) Ree v —— = EAAt ct Reo At cL (AA, 2 > (s = > ee Uo) G@ndu ctance —» nel chance —> Coogee 4% iw Re aes ae Loe ont neh wrod Resl tw a canta) eT as 2 c Sowtlies ghar Sew 6 ow a‘@ G@nvechon —= G2 hAs( t-te) o \ds— Fes 4 = sds has Ree t IN — — ° @u 2 lr. Os 2 Es na aan G@nductance = bh, De = ( a eC [> Quah 6) Radiation Het x Fey Vir Met= Qia_ @ fy To net Miar(Tt 14). . aera “C7, Tr) TAY Ch eR= os a co on ee A, Fe © (T+) CURRY rane Neve= AT — Rey Fal | A Fo a CTR TRY are a) Royad 2(2Gjr2r (Lec=35 Radiackve heat NOnsfeQ efficient —» piaisancuriite eit, islansehelinmecw CHOU ye q~ = hyACHg- ted = Orfeo GE ‘Te : erga (WE) Hany C14 e te) ee = he 1 C 1] —te) hre af eo CT +) C147Ta2) Combined heat trans fer —~Two Method e @he used 40 Solve tne Prob) eu O equivatort thormal Cir cutk—> possesion de aiettes e T= Lent Vrod e hem Cig) 48 Fg (Ty OT) es A ae t/ha ' ae Cap at eG a = 4 ‘Thea Uhra Rez Vhea Rr Ubra ; y - \ =f Oy-4) Fes x S a5 - a RyFanall 4 qi C H-4+) c sowed Then ~ Ry a Ye AB hw Cee te) = t2-— tee ta —-tee U1 phe - Ra U> overall Hest x-feh Coefficient v| mec = t4- te : a (Av = *4 7 P¥e RGrh=a ki di-tas ake ‘ter 2. tee a hy 44 ~teird( Rit Ratko) qs Fy-be -_ Rp +Ra4Re + Ri Rp R> ass qi Ry ReYnau=2& AER Thad ak conduchVity = CR) wo Ce) sicok Propedhes ef a Substance. Chonacoxs! — [Ss ety bo yf tot ey @ndu ne RS Lohrer [aw of Heat ceuichon —cas vCe~ Sr ge VOR ee) 4 du yt =-vade da a d+ dx : dae => - VAC a > ~k dA ae R=eVvac — Effeds en nok mal Conc chvity = @® ~Tembratane © Pressuse ® density Reo Ret R&A lathte vibration L en ariesRe= LeT to ele aS cincal Reshy ity 2 eee. o TOT, Intensive abs Resishvite Resistivity. Effect of temb™ on thermal @ndectve xn of thormal Concluetiviy Silver UNE Cpe oat Possible prasd®© Pure mateniall R= ket ks ko Pee Ry ko bet so T= increates R—-= decreases Alloy Re Retr Ry >Re T> Increage R > Incremsot Cry sta C Wart) Ayr bh ons ( Fy re8) RR = inc renses T > increncegInswiahion —> Eoslanen t+ tnoreaces R—> Increases low temp” medio om b” > Y femb” > Saper Msewlarth fruids Pura wi ie ped th nme eel R x nav {nor eases worth increase jn bem borat thes molecu ahr wert — ess t ik ae t+—Re Rol I+) Slav [ua K= Rel C144) “2 >| X=O gash eo ke to As Pr fouhfers law of heat @nducon Ue - Kade dx xol Ac ddu fie = a Che Corey dt ae ted,2 xn xt @L=-ARo (+ cage! a 2 PRC Ht) 4 CH EHD I Ae (Ante) Cit SE (Ht4)) Ye RoC item) ACH te) & ema Ht+t+e2 av P= kmAC H-Fe) = Rm> Ro Cte adm)# General Henk G@nduebby quothons—= entrar Het’ re ae TD) Gr tesin Go -ordiratas ecg Crersmet® 2m ( - ae — > Ontder “lt Non Homo 4 Non — [Sotopicwm] $s ] Seen\p HOW lone \ a Adkes to for a 4GmOf 1Ce on the Suh-fce stick nege ‘alae where the ‘aih emp” is 6c) ana Hhehmal @nduchy} of and densi Cice) _ Ice l-o4¢ Whiwk 3920 IK ii wm 4 Take latent heap of fusion” of Ice I's 3as kr] . sol" g TT Ka : At=0-C-6) a6 "|a-K AASL etyady.- > -kAAt U (Ys dom ce Sure \ yey = aietie{ te a Ue Neo GSO SQ jase Solace er an fnsulebn is at Rast sand atesde use Is dic? bey heat by Convechion jinto ath ak aoc. the Msuthon ath ts fomm thick and hat a thermal @nduchury ef We 2 Ome what US dhe min Of Heat x fer Geffeiect a aut Qavface, iF autside Sartece — empY Shautd eat exceed 0c: 230“Nea Vana y ssf mf BOG 0c See ~ haCAo-20 ) dx |y=domm ~ & A gm nia and and [Sm wide couble Plane window Oncis+ shepe 240mm Yhick of lay en of glass: take (R= 12W/ mp) Sovrithed Fi lomm Wide Sfay nent ah space! Cre 0.026 Wimp) detrmine the rahe of Heat y~for “Hew h dhs winden and +emp™ when the Room ic malntatned ae Doc. and the aretcide gr 1G lof). dake the G@nvechy Heat yX—fed @eth vent on the jnside ond oubside Ts'S toand 42 wimk Restechuly.17 d= 2 0- C-10) ER Fey x08 oo g-D hedt it @ Rectan ee. gellar eodilata =e Yates ——> 7Kx # 4 fhe dvz 4x- New ge densty of martes om Shecitic het oF my ater Heat cine (1. ~ Airechon C de-4y Plane J sx = ¢r- Cx tan AS Por fe four law of heat @uduhou @ x= — Kx Gedy) o @x= Ly .de a dt at a ~kx (424g aad x tde= exten) dic T Sy = €r— Cred ~ = Gs 2 (ky + Cee 4g) me De dy.d&2 2/p.2t)axdud E xdudZ ae 2) 4 4 ea ES ye LD Vee = 2 CSE 3 Te Gehe 14 (2 dinechor( dr d2 plane dy = dy - tu-4y . H(t) 4 4 i tyde = Jor rta lay 2 2 le Qt _! a d O47) avy eet Stehe 14 oe ee Cea Pr aS og fez c fy- Cardy[ don - ka Care ee = te k A Lye dy da de A ky 2A) dedy de a. Ck 2L) days aS2 5 dv: : ky 22 Yau: { nu) [ts : a i = = We Cat ty tte se + 2 ales Jeet Cy ty 25 G ker 24) vax ) dude & : ty "dw ty dade . i dude ~W) [Bot Ger Le) Bo 7OM C2 ge Gap 7$C Jah Coy op Ot C2 2 Jaya te" dvdtc ~ 28 ded +9 2 2 Kyle aie +3 wa 49g aX oe = ye G = 26 Wt TS 2t {v 4-9 —> a 2 ra 2 (Ney 2% " Z ers 4G 2 ce cs TT (Ff matert all 1 [Spdreprc & G nowsop euceusmm aGase-t — (ase-F , uo lttank Wank 7 entre o— cady state st a z - Gi “se) asf ge Stead oT wtt% Heat pen dat L Lty 7 & cae7a aan Xr ae oe te ty be _prieat @utu choy Aer: eqyuah an 3 “far Gan dic » Sty d tidy - rely eet Ay . Isr (Er? vat y )dtdadree dv = 12 a - ls a (ene 28 \dvide D Lteat stored Sy $ dhe chon Crore nec) — Cre z) plane : ts 92 Lob Ugtao tg+ dus e¢ +3 (a )-¥44 Pr C6- ep-+dq= “paylte) vad *g = - e drdz 2x Ac = E (dv) ee), = ee dv dasrdd-de “Gy Heat ated (4 2- dine Chou Crd ) Plane) — > 402 = - dz2-- seela-tt de 2-2 (ea dde (eae Ke (sears) 24 dt Ie g =S dvjen 3 a 5 CE 44) 5) vax / Oy) iv m" = soe (RE) +" ee Ic x of XY SD Heat Conduchoa, ee | PUB Nob beni coll. nad Ge wy 4, Q )pose ee dv = de. YSingde-vde |ve td Ake it sed by vara a eee C4- Je 41 =4r- @rtdr= = (tr jay 2 eye ~ kr (shodbrde Jae c _ 2 es =i (Aee snug ) 2F .dedr ri >Y 2 =a 2 (kr “Y tS dr sthodd dede Laz | dv ae +2 Ga> | 7 4p) =) dvedt -@D le ri sired in Qe Are Chal ¥~9 Planes C4 -Lptag = “Fonesgl to) y siuodd¢ ~-K6/ dv. vdo\ ak. dt \ ySiuOro acm og ~ ySta@s Sarna gad qe wee dda dv = 1 2, (ep rp) rsedg dere rst Sal G ! 3 ido —— = vA Sts sae Che af) ade @ seat Sted i @ dhe chau Cr~ o Pune) Ferg = 8 = C9 -Lo+dg - - 2? ae Ceol dg 2 + tg =- Ke (2 db-av 5 dtnae &oo ane Ke (Sing ag-dr) 2 [ ¥de- dem W- yt ae a SiMe dav fo (co sino 24 dvac yrsing 2 eee (= to uy: 4 av-de ~Gv) std sez WC rhage © i a ee +0. + 4 "aye zacdt deg OD Gy": roe (£™ +& Homo geneous ¢ 1S obopPle— / v2 K ge kaek / | - > 2 yl wae == ae 3 or C3 sr) t - SPainty ys a rept 2. x sing YO S1In@ v4 C s5)+ 4 ye Dy a 2 oc tn ae ps toe > sbhone_ encore: ee jx" 3 sr CB a) SS fner1— et hela ade. y= 6 =: fegtce Salus'ons— ; a koe udthion, LAS MuhialY Coudihaw Prysiiol (ou staatBowe he op Sou Hah AAO play so? Gulla 04 ty Curdice of ter Melty dud Oc based eee SPM fod sa as el mH rink @ad" i fread X- Fe model Needed -(wo ovr ny (au drhoa (€ Oue feat 0h Heat fer > _@ud ul fon 1-0 four Boiudry Gud WE bac raynd Bua fi Peyured ok 2 ~Y Menke Gandu (hoy ey oS bac & ) Pe fs Reg wed fo Gat we al of 2-0: possible Bou dif Gud oy -—> Ooustare cinface +t cubes 4C 0, )= dyn ty type XC: I PXGiey ors Han mw = ooh At Q@ustaut Het Flag — be ok dt ae wit ie) sf rasulehon—p Adite che —= =O ord ay oF —-0 ort O Goave ctve Romy Badthion —~ ¢? (Core) sel —Kie | RC toe) - yee 4-0 steady | Heat ( Qu hor witout (eat enor @h an - ane Gset- : “As per gence Leet (gudluctey en% mm Qa tesian Bunrdinode lek Sted Stabe mareual U5 front genroud $ Mon— 1 COOP IC: a 1-D Gse— [ete] A> 4 se ane CQ Mat eral (s Homme geneous ¢ tkodrope @t (e =<)ee on | O28 Gets Ca) without lua onercthoy Coy! y (9) t—p heat G@uduchoy, 42x) | ae : parce eas oe stace k= Ox) . a Solubon OF equation (71) dt [ads sie [isa ete | aD Tob qe [Feet] “he | Sumo loactiton — [ -] Pt O X20, Xr toh R20 aD = Jax, tek, 2Ky HaQ_ nee Hr qe ke + | eet , a ige Get) 2 Fy cL p-ae(ti4) Ce) alt x dt qe- Ads sat - kA AS] AL -h ) ( + -H ) —ic4 Gat 2 Ike - = L. sie x20 See Crys nate 7 —~ Cc | x=0° PRE ola qz KACtH-h) I = GA-R) Sh. 7k4P Ge 1 one @xrdy chor eguatioy ie under Stemly state ae Genraben fennel Conducroy epuabon fan | ~D Ia Rao, dinahay — ae vor }t 6. at ee) Assum ph ae TN pa | So top © steady Site [oF @ without bat jean @ 4)Meee ea a2 dary 400 Ce a ae dayy tou Ri-#t1=C¢ du oe) \ or Fy -Hy 24 (oO (C¥) Hi tre-A ty fy Lag FOUae rm of 7 heyy ) S dy a) Ses, SS “ture al ny + a Jee 1) tx u(y) Aer s's leper Here fuuchoy Kacdal. =-ka de q fee een ait al dy YoY dt ar 2 ha Rad \ Quy Ur, Yy 12 = RCRWR\ eA a * fon= }a2 anael tote) bufra/7) &. A prbe arya Pressus(Sed wotter. loGated I1Rm Yt le pricte walt WA Few 7 whose Surfae atn @nStaut temp ave £00 Gnd S0e@c Reskechvely, (#1 Required +o tocate Ye Pree inthe wal were Farar™ chowd Met erced 125% fiud how tab trom due hat— Suntece duc pibe Should be cmbed ed. suayrmal @udu ay, of He wall maternal € ; votes Witte xembY [c= 0-2 8 (40088 BD) = L-0-+8m from. sett tum — aCA eamm BAiamerer pre bike rs Ceved fo farted water” wales ecteno al! Cus Fece OF bribe Ps Go hece Ao) @nvecrhou oe wildy peat x — #24 @eFAedk = 6 Watt] rn 7 ate fel'be Sur face bod Kacahouw . ag Gmvechbu € Kedéston:pel " ed Kate = hé(To-Toe) , Lrear ¢ 2 - 6 na x . ~20 = 2. »(6.020) ( Bo o") goin (assume) en , Steen = bolton (aw Se Pecan ding ( 22 BGO ae lian “7a. Tomb ™ dist’ bubion jna Plate — 6 4wictness 26mm regieae C6 Te Cx LEE Assume No Heat (gen eh@bon in fue Picete- fal culate “He Het foss—on—ee fia on two side of tue slate: Maso alalate Kate Ef Ambo House wert dime (hoe c= FZ 00 O/ yy and oO =Sk0bFIm2 » C = tao TGOI are Me tr ae Zz “K ot : a Ne ee | ie & at mh ye f= oe oY Hegt Llp. 4 fe ah aren 2(o One Lb TRE | } we fx 6. (onsles a Plate fuckness C = Boundry Sutace of x20 E Suagloee Sugecte d Hrtoces Gntethoy — willy” Her arto tet" Too» Te Pound Tuhdace ar ysl ih MMSuicbed « White stu Pomdey Gndihlon 40h bate Suraces-ae Oh Cente) 2 a apes yx) qo” a aie du [ov- x SZase-2 — Hollow cylin “ we eae \ ae ~ te ; ae an Ce 2reL f \ t= £09 Z =~ Ras - [fae ae Cdr = eta dow (vat wo ete w=’ tet tet wr a dee —K aon{ 44 eT tad. @ eee ont) (ec: ot) Ge ark (4)-P) een 16079) q2 2KKi Ct -*A) “o/s : ark Cy Coon wel) Caan) = FAC) (@r-ty ick, ) ea WM a7 sal fa, Coz) Ch -42) Ln 2r)Ay Sa qa: Rem G2] (a ]= ny -m r Ams ee v ta (0 9e/ Ar) Manat Cannes ern 2 Art Bae pees 2 | 366 Ce sbhec, G@se— — ee a Genenal Heat Onduch ox en" kr ‘art Gee ee 28 assum Pron— @ () 2 kre Ousted (speedy Slehe = ov) (@ teFtCr) CD aye (rt Henejen na I > [erat eae v Stuce, #2409ieee q v fae At Gy a Go. "Ga-d, ) po Gite) Hd, ere ae Gq) tt; = = Gi Ce | +e] pee ey 4 te ————— ra) = alley eee FB. Pea a> ae Yale ca J | gare Cait) I t+-1 ( oe) qa 4nk- 7 oO a i — Y;, Lae cl +) -#: a Ht Yo ail qaty,y a Ryne ed :q: Fy WK (Arar) Grn frie em 2 if &£ Liane R Ge ek 1 (ie: = omiie Ft! =") o\ o\0 gr aH larly + for rat pup, lind h On te/ry __s Uynrforra Mone fet typhky Aha sphett. Jo eh a ea Shs a)diceasig OM @ndUuhoy iy ; z= (omposite stugie —> wy rout ——— Conkatt Cesare) moke than one m/e tS Gllel (gm paste Suche - — Moe hun one matterc oe wd stcte 2k wf ~ NO Tera ic a 0) — 4-0 Heat pidichionHet K Lyte Law Lan 4k eT ey be be he KA kA Aan ke4 haa 44 ye 2=Phe (hgh) = ACH te) - Ro AC) Ly Ce = ks ACAS-A a) _ haa ee Ss C Agta) - 49-4 4 ¢: LH he ot alee “VTE, A a Cay iA ~ ae—te bor Urs &3-t) i ae ~TThat49-2 : a i ee “Re Rs Rs Re 3 Re - 49-44 KO Af m= eR, 4-425 0h da cdge ako a5 - daz QRE 44- ta> CKO ays 8 RIF RG +R gphat Rs) gq: i# ain [eke Art RaRat arte) P= VAC 4a) = t-te aedi Parallel (e—- Ray Re] Re RIK aa KH iam Pe rat B b= (gad 2 6 hy tty tal ty F 4 e | = eae ti. 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