Metonymy

Definition
Metonymy is the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another to
which it is related with which it is associated
1/ A sign substitutes for the person or the object it signifies or symbolizes
2/ An instrument substitutes for an agent
3/ A container substitutes for the thing contained
4/ The concrete, like an organ of the human body substitutes for the
abstract
5/ The abstract substitutes for the concrete
6/ The material substitutes for the thing made
7/ An author/ producer/ place where goods are made substitutes for his
works/ its products
1/ A sign substitutes for the person or the object it signifies or symbolizes
Backstairs influence
The meaning of the phrase 'Backstairs influence' is by using some secret and
improper influence.
Sample Usage
1. He did not deserve the job, however, he got it by backstairs influence.

2. You cannot expect to get good marks in the examination by using

backstairs influence.

3. He was not in the merit list but he got admission by using some backstairs
influence.
He succeeded to the crown (= the royal office)
She is a fighter against red tape
2/ An instrument substitutes for an agent
- The stick hit the horse
- The axe cut the wood
- Who brought fire and sword (a destructive war) into our country?
- He is the best pen (= the best writer) of the day
3/ A container substitutes for the thing contained
- The kettle (= the water in the kettle) is boiling
- He drank the cup (= the coffee, the tea, the chocolate, etc. in the cup
- He is too fond of the bottle (= the liquor in the bottle)
4/ The concrete, like an organ of the human body substitutes for the
abstract such as love, hatred, sincerity, mental ability, a natural talent, etc.
- She has an ear for music (= She possesses a remarkable talent for
learning, imitating, appreciating, etc. music.)
- She has a good head of business (= She is gifted in/is clever at dealing
with business
5/ The abstract substitutes for the concrete
- His Majesty (= the king) died a year ago
- His Holiness (= the Pope) has just come back to Rome
- The authorities put an end to the riot (= the group of people who have
the power to give orders or take action)