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    12turbines 4-1

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    Omar Ahmed
    This document discusses water turbines and different types of turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy. It describes impulse turbines which use nozzles to convert total head into kinetic energy that then strikes turbine vanes to transfer work. It also describes reaction turbines where part of the total head is converted to kinetic energy by guide vanes before entering the runner, allowing both pressure and kinetic energy conversion. It provides details on the Pelton wheel impulse turbine, noting its elliptical vanes that are struck by jets from one or two nozzles in a way that eliminates thrust on the bearings.

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    12turbines 4-1

    Uploaded by

    Omar Ahmed
    12 views17 pages
    This document discusses water turbines and different types of turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy. It describes impulse turbines which use nozzles to convert total head into kinetic energy that then strikes turbine vanes to transfer work. It also describes reaction turbines where part of the total head is converted to kinetic energy by guide vanes before entering the runner, allowing both pressure and kinetic energy conversion. It provides details on the Pelton wheel impulse turbine, noting its elliptical vanes that are struck by jets from one or two nozzles in a way that eliminates thrust on the bearings.

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    12Turbines 4-1

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    12Turbines 4-1

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    This document discusses water turbines and different types of turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy. It describes impulse turbines which use nozzles to convert total head into kinetic energy that then strikes turbine vanes to transfer work. It also describes reaction turbines where part of the total head is converted to kinetic energy by guide vanes before entering the runner, allowing both pressure and kinetic energy conversion. It provides details on the Pelton wheel impulse turbine, noting its elliptical vanes that are struck by jets from one or two nozzles in a way that eliminates thrust on the bearings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views17 pages

    12turbines 4-1

    Uploaded by

    Omar Ahmed
    This document discusses water turbines and different types of turbines used to convert hydraulic energy from flowing water into mechanical energy. It describes impulse turbines which use nozzles to convert total head into kinetic energy that then strikes turbine vanes to transfer work. It also describes reaction turbines where part of the total head is converted to kinetic energy by guide vanes before entering the runner, allowing both pressure and kinetic energy conversion. It provides details on the Pelton wheel impulse turbine, noting its elliptical vanes that are struck by jets from one or two nozzles in a way that eliminates thrust on the bearings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 17

    UNIZAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

    Mechanical Engineering Department

    Thermal Fluid Systems ME495

    4. Turbines

    Dr. Hussain Sadig


    Water Turbines
    Water Turbines

     Water turbines are devices that used to convert hydraulic energy into

    mechanical energy.
    Water Turbines
    Water Turbines

     In the impulse turbines, the total head available is first converted into the kinetic

    energy. This is usually accomplished in one or more nozzles. The jets issuing

    from the nozzles strike vanes attached to the periphery of a rotating wheel.

    Because of the rate of change of angular momentum and the motion of the vanes,

    work is done on the runner by the fluid and, thus, energy is transferred. Since the

    fluid energy which is reduced on passing through the runner is entirely kinetic, it

    follows that the absolute velocity at outlet is smaller than the absolute velocity at

    inlet. Furthermore, the fluid pressure is atmospheric throughout and the relative

    velocity is constant except for a slight reduction due to friction


    Water Turbines

     In the reaction turbines, the fluid passes first through a ring of stationary

    guide vanes in which only part of the available total head is converted into

    kinetic energy. The guide vanes discharge directly into the runner along the

    whole of its periphery, so that the fluid entering the runner has pressure

    energy as well as kinetic energy. The pressure energy is converted into

    kinetic energy in the runner (the passage running full) and, therefore, the

    relative velocity is not constant but increases through the runner. There is,

    therefore, a pressure difference across the runner.


    Pelton wheel

     The Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine in which vanes, sometimes called

    ‘buckets’, of elliptical shape are attached to the periphery of a rotating wheel.

    One or two nozzles project a jet of water tangentially to the vane pitch circle.

     The vanes are of double-outlet section, as shown in figure, so that the jet is

    split and leaves symmetrically on both sides of the vane. In this way the end

    thrust on the bearings and the shaft is eliminated.


    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    Pelton wheel
    THANK YOU

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