UNIZAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Mechanical Engineering Department

Thermal Fluid Systems ME495

Pumping systems
Dr. Hussain Sadig
 1. Pumps and Fluid Networks

The flow of liquids through pipe systems depends upon the availability of the
necessary energy transfers to overcome the frictional and separation ‘losses’
inherent in the system.
These energy inputs may be provided simply by reference to the elevation of the
system, i.e. the transfer of potential energy, or may require the input of
mechanical energy to the system via pumps.
The conduit network can be defined in terms of its physical layout, generating the
static lift term, and the properties of both the fluid and the pipes or ducts
constituting the system, generating the frictional and separation loss terms. A
system will operate so that the available energy equals the demands of the
system characteristic.
 1. Pumps and Fluid Networks

The application of the steady flow energy equation to determine the flow of fluid
through a pipe network as a result of an elevation difference between two
reservoirs, or the pressure rise available as a result of introducing a fan or pump
into the conduit. It was shown that the overall loss along a particular pipe or duct
length could be expressed as:

Where K is the equivalent loss coefficient, incorporating both the frictional and
separation losses, and by definition the pipe length, diameter and area terms
appropriate to that pipe or duct length. This equation is frequently called the
system resistance; Δh is the head loss in the pipe due to the flow Q, and Δp is the
analogous pressure loss.
1. Pumps and Fluid Networks
1. Pumps and Fluid Networks
 1. Pumps and Fluid Networks

The system characteristic takes into account the difference in elevation, ΔZ, in
addition to the head loss. A typical system characteristic is shown in below figure.
1. Pumps and Fluid Networks
1. Pumps and Fluid Networks
1. Pumps and Fluid Networks
 2. Operating Point and Matching

Operating point is the point on the pump characteristic at which the pump operates
and, at the same time, it is also the point on the system characteristic at which the
system operates. ‘Pump matching’ usually means the process of selecting a pump
to operate in conjunction with a given system so that it delivers the required flow
rate, operating at its best efficiency, which corresponds to the pump’s design point.

The point on the system characteristic which corresponds to the required flow rate
through the system is known as the duty required. Thus, for correct matching, the
operating point should coincide with the duty required. This is not always easy to
achieve because the accuracy with which the system resistance is estimated, in
practice, is rather poor.
2. Operating Point and Matching
2. Operating Point and Matching
2. Operating Point and Matching
THANK YOU