NAME Omar Ibrahim DATE 11-09-2022 CLASS 11E

ANALYZING DATA

Physical Properties of Gaseous Elements

A student tests samples of six different gases. He records the density of each gas at
standard temperature and pressure, or STP, which is defined as 273.15 K and 100 kPa.
Next, he cools each gas until it becomes a solid. Then, he allows each gas to warm up
and records the temperature at which it melts and forms a liquid, and then the
temperature at which it boils to become a gas.

Three of the gases are monatomic (each molecule consists of just one atom). The other
three gases are diatomic (each molecule consists of two ato7ms joined together).

Table 1 shows the results for the three monatomic gases. Table 2 shows the results for
the three diatomic gases. All measurements were taken at standard pressure.

Table 1

Experimental Results for Monatomic Gases

Monatomic gas helium, He neon, Ne argon, Ar

Approximate atomic mass 4 20 40

Density (g/L) 0.17 0.9 1.8

Melting point (K) 1 25 84

Boiling point (K) 4 27 87

Table 2

Experimental Results for Diatomic Gases

Diatomic gas hydrogen, H2 nitrogen, N2 oxygen, O2

Approximate atomic mass 1 14 16

Density (g/L) 0.09 1.25 1.4

Melting point (K) 14 63 55

Boiling point (K) 20 77 90

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NAME Omar Ibrahim DATE 11-09-2022 CLASS 11E

1. SEP Analyze Data Look at the data in Table 1. What trends can you see in the
data for the monatomic gases? What relationships can you see among the
approximate atomic masses, densities, and melting and boiling points?

First of all, it can be noted that the three monatomic gases included in the
experiment are helium, neon, and argon. As table 1 showcases three different
gases, the trend simply illustrates that the approximate atomic mass increases
depending on the gas . On top of that, all the factors including densities and
melting/boiling points increase as the approximate atomic mass increases.
(This is one of the trends)

Example: (clarification) As shown in the table helium, (He) has an atomic

mass of 4, a density of 0.17, a melting point of 1, and a boiling point of 4. To
back up what has been mentioned earlier neon, (Ne) and argon, (Ar) both have
higher densities and melting/boiling points because their atomic masses are
higher.

2. SEP Analyze Data Look at the data in Table 2. Do the trends you identified in
question 1 also apply to the data recorded for the diatomic gases?
Yes, the trends of question 1 do apply to the data recorded for the diatomic
gases, but to a certain extent. All the identified trends from question 1 match
the ones of the diatomic gases in table two except for the melting point which
had similar behavior in the beginning and then an opposite one in the end. To
clarify what has been said up until now; hydrogen has a melting point of 14 and
since the atomic mass of nitrogen is higher than hydrogen the melting point
increased. Up until this very moment, all the trends from question 1 apply
EXCEPT for the relation between the atomic mass and melting point of oxygen.
As the atomic mass increased in oxygen the melting point decreased and didn’t
follow the trend mentioned in question 1, which explicitly states that the melting
point increases when the atomic mass increases.

3. SEP Compare Data Look at the data in Table 1 and Table 2. If you were to
combine the data for monatomic and diatomic gases into one table, ordered by
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NAME Omar Ibrahim DATE 11-09-2022 CLASS 11E

approximate atomic mass, would the trends that you identified in questions 1 and
2 still apply to the combined data?
If the data for monatomic and diatomic gases were to be combined into one
table, ordered by approximate atomic mass, the identified trends in questions
one and two wouldn’t apply to the combined data. It’s simply because there is
a difference between the trends of both questions and that would cause an
unorganized table. For example, argon from table 1 has an atomic mass of 40
and a density of 1.8 while oxygen from table two has a much less atomic mass
of 16 and a similar density to argon.

4. Predict Fluorine has a density of 1.8 g/L and an approximate atomic mass of 19.
Would you expect fluorine to be monatomic or diatomic based on the trends you
identified? Explain your answer.
I would expect fluorine to be diatomic because based on the identified trends
in table 2, a density of 1.8 and atomic mass of 19 is similar to the other gases’
atomic masses and densities. For example, the relationship between the
atomic mass and density of oxygen (diatomic gas) is almost equal to fluorines.
Unlike neon (monatomic gas) which almost has the same atomic mass as
fluorine, yet a completely different density.

5. Predict Xenon has an atomic mass of 131 AMU, a melting point of 161 K, and a
boiling point of 166 K. Would you expect xenon to be monatomic or diatomic,
based on the trends you identified? Explain your answer.
Based on the identified trends I would expect Xenon to be monatomic simply
because one of the trends related to the difference between melting and boiling
points of each gas and concluded that the difference found in melting/boiling
points of monatomic gases is less than the one in diatomic gases. So, from
what can be shown so far, it’s clear that xenon is monatomic because it has a
small difference between its melting and boiling points. Other than the trends
xenon is known for being a noble gas and noble gases are known to all be
monatomic.

6. CCC Stability and Change Air have a density of 1.29 g/L (at STP). Use this
data to identify gases t could be used to fill a balloon that floats in the air.
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NAME Omar Ibrahim DATE 11-09-2022 CLASS 11E

To identify the gases that can be used to fill a balloon we must first look at the
data given in both of tables 1 and 2, specifically the densities. According to the
data given in both tables, gases such as helium, neon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
can all be used to fill a balloon and make it float in the air. That’s because all of
the mentioned gases have densities that are less than or close to that of air.

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