9B A GOOD BUSINESS

 UNCONTABLES (palabra) /
 USE IS
Health Homework
Behavior
Politics
Gymnastics
Economics
Progress
Trash
Scenary
Traffic
Weather
Work CA
Estas palabras no tienen plural como The scenaries are beautiful / MAL
Tampoco podemos usar NO A / AN como There’s a terrible traffic this evening /
MAL
CON NINGUNA DE LAS PALABRAS ANTERIORES NO PODEMOS USAR A O AN
 SOME / A PIECE OF
 Tampoco puede ser plurales /es/
TAMBIEN SON INCONTABLES PERO PODEMOS USAR

Advice luck
Bread Luggage
Equipment News research
Furniture Toast
Homework Time
Information
  Pueden ser contables o incontables / PALABRAS
Bussiness
Glass
Iron / PLANCHA / METAL
Light / LUZ
Paper
Space
Time

 PLURALES NOUNS WITH NO SINGULAR

 Use ARE
 No podemos usar A O AN
Arms Pants
Guns Shorts
Belongins
Clothes
Manners
Outskirts
Scissors

 A PAIR OF / SOME
CUANDO NOS REFERIMOS A ALGO QUE CON DOS PARTES usamos
Scissors Gloves
Pants earrings
Jeans shoes
socks sneakers
 COLLECTIVE SINGULAR NOUNS
 REFER TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE
 NEED A SINGULAR VERB

STAFF CREW
TEAM GOVERMENT

 SINGULAR VERB (Normalmente se le agregara la s, para volver singular al

verbo)

A.NOTA: POLICE = IS ALWAYS USED WITH A PLURAL VERB

1. The police are sure that they know who was responsible for
the vandalism
 OTROS EJEMPLOS
 SOME BAD WEATHER
 TOO MUCH LUGGAGE
 THE OUTSKIRTS ARE
 GIVE YOU ADVICE ABOUT ( NUNCA / ADVICES )
 CAN BE HARD WORK ( NUNCA / A HARD WORK)
PREFIX (LO USAS Y NECESITAS AL INICIO DELA ORACIÒN
 POSITIVE
PRE –WAR

 NEGATIVE
UN – HEALTHY
DIS – HONEST
SUFFIX (LO USAS AL FINAL DE LA ORACIÒN)
 ENJOY- MENT
 HAPPI- NESS
 POLLUT-ION
Añaden sentido a la palabra
 Ful = full
Ejemplos
 Stress- ful
 Beauti- ful

ENORMOUS / MEGA
ENVIROMENTALLY FRIENDLY / ECO
 Abundant / Abundancia Abundance
Cold / Frialdad Coldness
Connect / Conexión Connection
Convenient / Comodidad Convience
Develop/ Desarrollo Development
Expect/ Expectativa Expectation
Modern / Modernismo Modernism
Neighbor / Vecindad Neighbourhood
Pollute / Contaminación Pollution
Silent / Silencio Silence

Homeless (sin hogar) Hopeless ( sin esperanza)

VOCABULARY
Mumbai is a very overcrowded too much
city . demasiado
Tokyo was one of the first big
megacities. grande
This part of the city is very poor not enough
and underdeveloped no lo suficiente

London is a very multicultural city, Many

with many different races and Muchos
religions .
The quickest way to get around under
New York is on the subway . bajo
Many people in Montreal are two
bilingual - they speak English and dos
French .
If you want to avoid the traffic One
jams in Bangkok , take the uno
monorail .
The autopilot was turned on after by ( it ) self
the plane had taken off . por ( ello ) mismo
Vandalism , especially breaking Agains
public property , is very antisocial Contra
behavior .
I misunderstood the directions Wrongly
and now I'm completely lost . erróneamente

He's earning a postgraduate After

degree in aeronautical Después
engineering

 Irrompible (UMBREAKABLE) , potable (DRINKABLE)

10 A SCIENCE FACT, SCIENCE FICTION
Quantifiers: ALL, EVERY, BOTH
 USE ALL OR ALL ( OF) THE PARA PLURALES O UNCONTABLE NOUNS

ALL = Se usa en general / ACOMPAÑA A SU SUSTANTIVO

 All animals need food
 All fruit contains sugar
 All democratic revolutions begins with humans rights
 All my life
 All day / all night
 All that I need
 All my energy

ALL (OF) THE = Para cosas especificas

 All the people are present
 We’ve eaten all the cake
 All the wáter was spilled
 ALL the evidence suggest that scientist could invent a way to make
things invisible

 TAMBIEN PODEMOS UTLILIZAR ALL ANTES DEL VERBO PRINCIPAL
 That man lost all his money
 The animals all look sad
 The animals are all healthy
 My dog was all wet
 We are all happy
 The dust is all over the house

 AND EVERYTHING (para todas las cosas) ALL THINGS

(TRADUCIÒN TODO DE TODO)
 Everything is very expensive
 Everything is clean and tidy
 Give me everything tonight
  He lost everything
 Everything is ready for the party
 Einstein theory of relativity doesn’t explain everything about the
univers.

• USE EVERYBODY (para un grupo de personas) ALL people

 Not everybody like sunbathing
 Everybody is very busy today
 Everybody is working
 Everybody is tired

• CUANDO USAMOS MOST / PARA HABLAR DE LA MAYORIA

MOST: En General
 Most people live in cities
 Most people enjoy the summer here, but for some it’s too hot
MOST OF : En especifico
 Most of the people in this class are woman
 Most of my family live near me

 CUANDO SE USA ALL + OF + OBJECT PRONOUN

 All of us work hard
 CUANDO SE USA MOST+ OF + OBJECT PRONOUN
 Most of us come to class

 USOS DE EVERY = se utiliza para referirse a todos los miembros individuales de

un conjunto sin excepción.
 ES UN NOUN SINGULAR (1) Y CONTABLE
EJEMPLOS TRADUCCIÒN (CADA)
 Gina goes dancing every Friday night
 I work every Saturday
 Every room has a bathroom

• USOS DE NO + NOUN DESPUES DE POSITIVE + VERB

 There`s no milk
 We use no fertilizer
 I have NO Friends
 But theres’s no room in my kitchen

• USOS DE ANY + NOUN DESPUES UN NEGATIVE+ VERB

 There isn’t any space
 There isn`t any cheesein the fridge
 I don’t have any Friends
 We don`t have any onions for the soup
Nota para ambas: Cuando hay una cantidad nula, o es cero

• USOS DEL NONE

• Se usa para respuestas cortas, o con a positive verb, to refers zero
quantity
NONE + OF + PRONOUN / NOUN
• None of us want to go out tonight
• But none of us are hungry

• USOS DEL ANTHING, ANYONE, ANYBODY

• POSITIVE, que nos refiere que no importa quien, o que O QUIENES

• Anybody can go to the festival. It’s free

• Anyone can come
 • PARA HABLAR DE VERB PLURAL = USAMOS BOTH
• Both… and + nouns = para hablar de dos personas / when are the SAME
 BOTH Pierre and Marie were sicientist
También se puede usar BOTH para referirse al sujeto de una clausula
Se usa ANTES del VERBO PRINCIPAL pero DESPUES de VERB BE
 Pierre and Marie were both interested in radium
 She and her husband both won Nobel prizes

• USE NEITHER…… NOR + nouns = Para cuando quieres decir ni lo uno ni lo

otro
• Use EITHER …… OR = Para escoger entre dos alternativas

• A menudo se usa
• BOTH + OF + OBJECT PRONOUN OR NOUN
Both of them won the Nobel prize
• NEITHER +OF + OBJECT PRONOUN OR NOUN
I have two Friends unfortunately neither of them lives near me
• EITHER + OF + OBJECT PRONOUN OR NOUN
 10 FREE SPEECH
1. Cuando usamos A (CONSONANTES) / AN (SEGUIDA DE
VOCAL)
Son artículos indefinidos
Hablar de cosas NO ESPECIFICAS en singular
 Algunos ejemplos
• I ate at A restaurant
• People are complaining because the towm council has
refused to build A new School ( EXCEPCIÓN)
Se usa la primera vez que se menciona algo, o para decir quién o
qué es alguien o algo.
 the dog is AN Alsatian and the cat is A Siamese.
 They’re building A new high school in my town.

2. Cuando usamos THE / SINGULAR

Lo usamos para oraciones específicas, ESPECIFICACIONES en , singular
 Algunos ejemplos
 I ate at THE restaurant that you recommended
 THE girl who lives with me (No es cualquier chica, es la que vive
conmigo)
 THE car I want to buy
 THE house I saw
Uso de artículos en PLURAL en cosas ESPECIFICAS / THE
  I love THE People I know
 THE insects that live in my garden are interesting
 THE computer game that you give me
 THE reggae music that you band play makes me dance.
My grandmother used to work in THE prison as a
cleaner.

Utilice THE cuando esté claro quién o qué es alguien o algo (por
ejemplo, se ha mencionado antes, o es único, es decir, el único
que existe o que posee).
 Jack got into THE car and drove to THE courthouse.
 Visitor are allowed to enter THE CHURCH after 7 pm

Excepciones DE USO THE

EE.UU. / Estados Unidos Reino Unido / Gran Países Bajos República Checa
Bretaña

THE US / THE UK / THE THE Czech

United States United Netherlands Republic).
Kingdom

 Normalmente se utiliza EL con los NOMBRES de:

Cordilleras Ríos océanos Mares canales desiertos
MEDITERRANE
HIMALAYAS O
y grupos
de islas.
Mountainranges, rivers oceans, seas, canals, deserts,
 CORDILLERAS , and island
groups.

 CON LOS NOMBRES de THE

teatros hoteles galerías museos edificios y
monumentos.
Theaters, hotels, galleries, museums, buildings, and
monuments.

3. Cuando usamos NO ARTICLE –

Cuando hablamos de ALGO NO ESPECIFICO – NO definido en PLURAL
 I love people / NO ARTICULO
 Insects are interestintg / NO ARTICULO
 I don’t like computer game
 I love Reading historical Novels
 Music makes me dance ( hablamos que la música en general , no
específicos)
 Raggae music makes me dance ( hablamos en general que la música de
reggae)
• Don’t use an article in general with plural and uncountable nouns.

• DON’T use an ARTICLE EN FRASES COMO;

at home / work go / come home / to next / last (week)
bed
• NO utilices un artículo cuando estés pensando en la institución y
en el propósito normal para el que se utiliza
 • if you are just thinking about the building, use A or THE.
LUGARES
 prison / jail church school college / uni High School
versity
EJEMPLOS
My son is in high school.
He was sent to prison for two years.

NOMBRES GEOGRÁFICOS
Que NO USAN THE
 la mayoría de
Los países continentes y regiones que terminan
con el nombre de un
país/continente
(por ejemplo)
North America South East Asia

islas estados provincias pueblos y

individuales ciudades
carreteras calles parques puentes tiendas y
restaurantes
roads, streets, parks, bridges, stores, and
restaurants

MONTAÑAS Y LAGOS ( MOUNTAINS AND LAKES)

INDIVIDUALES
 Lake Maracaibo and Lake Titicaca are both in South
America. ( NO USAN ARTICULOS)

• Excepciones: autopistas y carreteras numeradas:

THE Trans-Canada Highway, THE 405
SICK AND TIRED FED UP HARTO, DECAIDO
ODDS AND ENDS SMALL THINGS UNAS PEQUEÑAS COSAS
NOW AND AGAIN SOMETINES AVECES
WAIT AND SEE WAIT PATIENTLY ESPERAR
PACIENTEMENTE
BY AND LARGE IN GEMERAL EN TERMINOS
GENERALES
LAW AND ORDER A SITUATTION IN WHICH UNA SITUACIÓN EN LA
LAW IS OBEYED QUE SE CUMPLE LA LEY
SAFE AND SOUND WITHOUM PROBLEM OF SIN PROBLEMAS O
INJURY RIESGOS
TOUCH AND GO UNCERTAIN WITH THE INSEGURO CON LA
POSSIBILITY THAT POSIBILIDAD DE QUE
SOMETHING MAY ALGO PUEDA IR MAL
WRONG