Rittal - Enclosure Heat Dissipation Manual

Mechanical
urtesy of CMA/Flodyne/Hydradyne ▪ Motion Control ▪ Hydraulic ▪ Pneumatic ▪ Electrical ▪ Project Planning▪Manual 426-5480
(800)Enclosure ▪ www.cmafh.co
Heat Dissipation
Project Planning Manual:

Enclosure Heat Dissipation
Courtesy of CMA/Flodyne/Hydradyne ▪ Motion Control ▪ Hydraulic ▪ Pneumatic ▪ Electrical ▪ Mechanical ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ www.cmafh.com
Project Planning Manual
Enclosure Heat Dissipation
The following authors have contributed to this book:
Ahrent, Kai – SIEMENS AG

Berger, Johannes – DAIMLER AG
Bliesner, Juergen – SIEMENS AG
Hainzinger, Roman – AUDI AG
Henrichs, Bernd – Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
Herold, Uwe – SIEMENS AG
Hintemann, Peter – EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KG
Kampe, Joachim – Niles-Simmons Industrieanlagen GmbH
Keller, Frank – Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
Mayer, Konrad – AUDI AG
Schneider, Ralf– Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
Scholl, Michael – Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
Schiffer, Dag Michael – Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
Winter, Klaus – FELSOMAT GmbH & Co. KG
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 1 19.05.2009 11:48:41 Uhr

Contents
Bibliographical information of the German library Preface 5

The German library lists this publication in the German National Library.
1.0 Introduction 7
Detailed bibliographical data can be found on the Internet at www.d-nb.de.
2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure 9
ISBN: 978-3-937889-86-3
2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the drive assembly as an
example ..........................................................................................................................................................9
3.0 Enclosure heat dissipation 11
3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units .......................................... 12
3.1.1 External air circulation ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.2 Internal air circulation ............................................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Sealing of the enclosure .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Climate control in the enclosure .......................................................................................................... 17
3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air............................................................................................................ 17
3.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive units ............................................................................................ 30
3.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosures ......................................................................................... 34
3.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure............................................................................ 36
3.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat .................................................................................................. 37
3.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment ........................................................... 38
3.7 Dehumidification of the enclosure air – condensate ....................................................................... 41
3.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting tray ......................................................... 41
3.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporation ..................................................................................................... 44
Translation: alphabit® Fachübersetzungen 3.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formation ............................................ 46
4.0 Special features when cooling drive components using the example
of Sinamics/Simodrive 49
© 2009 All rights reserved with
Süddeutscher Verlag onpact GmbH, 80469 Munich 4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611 ...................................................................................................................... 51
4.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize ............................................................................................................... 52
www.sv-onpact.de
4.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis.................................................................................................................. 53
Original title: Projektierungshandbuch Schaltschrank-Entwärmung
4.4 External heat dissipation ......................................................................................................................... 55
© 2008 by Süddeutscher Verlag onpact
5.0 The most important issues for enclosure climate control 57
Project management: Wolfgang Arzt
6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures 59
Editor: Bettina Lunk
Production: Luitgard Ludwig 7.0 Appendix 61
Cover design: abavo GmbH, 86807 Buchloe; Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, 35745 Herborn
Typesetting: abavo GmbH, 86807 Buchloe 7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control .............................................................................................. 61
7.2 Minimum specifications for calculations pertaining to enclosure climate control..................... 62
Printing and binding: Kessler Druck + Medien GmbH, 86399 Bobingen
7.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data pertaining
to enclosure climate control.................................................................................................................. 63
7.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component ................................................................. 64
7.5 Instructions for EMC ............................................................................................................................... 67
All rights reserved, especially those rights for duplication and distribution as well as translation.
No part of this document may be saved, reproduced, edited, copied or distributed in any form whatsoever or in 7.6 Information references on the subject of heat dissipation in enclosures .................................... 68
electronic systems (through photocopy, microfilm or any other method) without the prior written approval of 7.7 Table of figures .......................................................................................................................................... 69
the publishers. 7.8 Notes........................................................................................................................................................... 70
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 2-3 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

Contents
Bibliographical information of the German library Preface 5

The German library lists this publication in the German National Library.
1.0 Introduction 7
Detailed bibliographical data can be found on the Internet at www.d-nb.de.
2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure 9
ISBN: 978-3-937889-86-3
2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the drive assembly as an
example ..........................................................................................................................................................9
3.0 Enclosure heat dissipation 11
3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units .......................................... 12
3.1.1 External air circulation ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.2 Internal air circulation ............................................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Sealing of the enclosure .......................................................................................................................... 15
3.3 Climate control in the enclosure .......................................................................................................... 17
3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air............................................................................................................ 17
3.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive units ............................................................................................ 30
3.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosures ......................................................................................... 34
3.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure............................................................................ 36
3.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat .................................................................................................. 37
3.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment ........................................................... 38
3.7 Dehumidification of the enclosure air – condensate ....................................................................... 41
3.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting tray ......................................................... 41
3.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporation ..................................................................................................... 44
Translation: alphabit® Fachübersetzungen 3.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formation ............................................ 46
4.0 Special features when cooling drive components using the example
of Sinamics/Simodrive 49
© 2009 All rights reserved with
Süddeutscher Verlag onpact GmbH, 80469 Munich 4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611 ...................................................................................................................... 51
4.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize ............................................................................................................... 52
www.sv-onpact.de
4.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis.................................................................................................................. 53
Original title: Projektierungshandbuch Schaltschrank-Entwärmung
4.4 External heat dissipation ......................................................................................................................... 55
© 2008 by Süddeutscher Verlag onpact
5.0 The most important issues for enclosure climate control 57
Project management: Wolfgang Arzt
6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures 59
Editor: Bettina Lunk
Production: Luitgard Ludwig 7.0 Appendix 61
Cover design: abavo GmbH, 86807 Buchloe; Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, 35745 Herborn
Typesetting: abavo GmbH, 86807 Buchloe 7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control .............................................................................................. 61
7.2 Minimum specifications for calculations pertaining to enclosure climate control..................... 62
Printing and binding: Kessler Druck + Medien GmbH, 86399 Bobingen
7.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data pertaining
to enclosure climate control.................................................................................................................. 63
7.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component ................................................................. 64
7.5 Instructions for EMC ............................................................................................................................... 67
All rights reserved, especially those rights for duplication and distribution as well as translation.
No part of this document may be saved, reproduced, edited, copied or distributed in any form whatsoever or in 7.6 Information references on the subject of heat dissipation in enclosures .................................... 68
electronic systems (through photocopy, microfilm or any other method) without the prior written approval of 7.7 Table of figures .......................................................................................................................................... 69
the publishers. 7.8 Notes........................................................................................................................................................... 70

Preface
Preface
Energy efficiency is no longer a luxury or an afterthought to industrial production
processes. It has become a central concern in the specification of equipment and the
running of day-to-day operations. In recent years, growing concerns about resource
conservation, both environmental and economic, have been woven into the fabric of
the industrial landscape and forced a vigorous focus on ways to improve technolo-
gies to offer energy and expense savings, as well as significant reductions in waste
materials that may be damaging to the environment. These efforts to heighten effi-
ciency can start with key elements found in nearly all applications – control panel
design and enclosure cooling.
The following project guidelines were developed with input from the world’s leading
experts in industrial panels and cooling, relying on decades of experience with en-
closure climate control in a number of different environments. This document is
intended to provide essential information on enclosure cooling to both end users
and equipment manufacturers, regardless of their industry. The guidelines will be
This page helpful to anyone looking for ways to make their industrial operations more effi-
intentionally cient, and should be required reading for design engineers, controls engineers, and
any technical personnel involved with enclosure climate control.
left blank.
As a global manufacturer of CNC gear machines used to produce gears for a wide
variety of industries throughout the world, we at Gleason Works are not only striv-
ing to improve the performance of our machines, but to make them as efficient as
possible. Providing the optimal combination of energy efficient enclosure cooling
and the protection of enclosure components is essential to preserving precious
e
natural resources and enhancing our customer’s operations.
For the future of our children!

Rittal Company Principle No. 9:
“We are aware of the responsibility
we bear towards the environment
and the world in which we live.
We want to take part in shaping and improving it!”
Alan Metelsky
Manager of Controls Engineering, Gleason Works
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 4-Abs2:5 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

Preface
Preface
Energy efficiency is no longer a luxury or an afterthought to industrial production
processes. It has become a central concern in the specification of equipment and the
running of day-to-day operations. In recent years, growing concerns about resource
conservation, both environmental and economic, have been woven into the fabric of
the industrial landscape and forced a vigorous focus on ways to improve technolo-
gies to offer energy and expense savings, as well as significant reductions in waste
materials that may be damaging to the environment. These efforts to heighten effi-
ciency can start with key elements found in nearly all applications – control panel
design and enclosure cooling.
The following project guidelines were developed with input from the world’s leading
experts in industrial panels and cooling, relying on decades of experience with en-
closure climate control in a number of different environments. This document is
intended to provide essential information on enclosure cooling to both end users
and equipment manufacturers, regardless of their industry. The guidelines will be
helpful to anyone looking for ways to make their industrial operations more effi-
cient, and should be required reading for design engineers, controls engineers, and
any technical personnel involved with enclosure climate control.
As a global manufacturer of CNC gear machines used to produce gears for a wide
variety of industries throughout the world, we at Gleason Works are not only striv-
ing to improve the performance of our machines, but to make them as efficient as
possible. Providing the optimal combination of energy efficient enclosure cooling
and the protection of enclosure components is essential to preserving precious
e
natural resources and enhancing our customer’s operations.
For the future of our children!

Rittal Company Principle No. 9:
“We are aware of the responsibility
we bear towards the environment
and the world in which we live.
We want to take part in shaping and improving it!”
Alan Metelsky
Manager of Controls Engineering, Gleason Works
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 4-Abs2:5 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

Introduction
1.0 Introduction
At the initiative of the automotive industry the present guidelines for enclosure cli-
mate control were created by a common research team with members from the
companies AUDI AG (Ingolstadt), DAIMLER AG (Mettingen), SIEMENS AG (Chemnitz
and Erlangen), NILES-SIMMONS Industrieanlagen GmbH (Chemnitz), FELSOMAT
GmbH & Co. KG (Königsbach-Stein), EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KG
(Monheim) and RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG (Herborn).The guidelines are based on the
experience gathered by the member companies working in the field of enclosure
climate control as well as the results of computer simulation studies (CFD analyses)
for temperature development in enclosures, which have demonstrated the basic de-
pendencies between cool air flows and the resulting temperature distribution.
The aim of the guideline is to obtain basic knowledge in the field of enclosure
climate control for mounting plate constructions using cooling units and air/water
heat exchangers.
The following figures are illustrative in nature and are applicable, in principle, to
This page all manufacturers.
intentionally
left blank.
Temperature
°C 45.0
42.5
40.0
Heat
37.5
exchanger
35.0
32.5
Air duct 30.0
systems 27.5
25.0
Inverter
groups
Y Y
X X
Z Z
Fig. 1: Example of a CFD analysis of the temperature Fig. 2: Calculated temperature distribution in the
distribution in an air-conditioned enclosure.The air-conditioned enclosure
installed components are cooled using a roof-
mounted air/water heat exchanger together with
two air duct systems.The figure displays the en-
closure model with the doors and side panels re-
moved.
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:6-Abs2:7 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

Introduction
1.0 Introduction
At the initiative of the automotive industry the present guidelines for enclosure cli-
mate control were created by a common research team with members from the
companies AUDI AG (Ingolstadt), DAIMLER AG (Mettingen), SIEMENS AG (Chemnitz
and Erlangen), NILES-SIMMONS Industrieanlagen GmbH (Chemnitz), FELSOMAT
GmbH & Co. KG (Königsbach-Stein), EPLAN Software & Service GmbH & Co. KG
(Monheim) and RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG (Herborn).The guidelines are based on the
experience gathered by the member companies working in the field of enclosure
climate control as well as the results of computer simulation studies (CFD analyses)
for temperature development in enclosures, which have demonstrated the basic de-
pendencies between cool air flows and the resulting temperature distribution.
The aim of the guideline is to obtain basic knowledge in the field of enclosure
climate control for mounting plate constructions using cooling units and air/water
heat exchangers.
The following figures are illustrative in nature and are applicable, in principle, to
all manufacturers.
Temperature
°C 45.0
42.5
40.0
Heat
37.5
exchanger
35.0
32.5
Air duct 30.0
systems 27.5
25.0
Inverter
groups
Y Y
X X
Z Z
Fig. 1: Example of a CFD analysis of the temperature Fig. 2: Calculated temperature distribution in the
distribution in an air-conditioned enclosure.The air-conditioned enclosure
installed components are cooled using a roof-
mounted air/water heat exchanger together with
two air duct systems.The figure displays the en-
closure model with the doors and side panels re-
moved.

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure
2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

The pre-requisite for the correct enclosure climate control is the appropriate
arrangement of the devices and equipment, which are generally arranged according
to the specifications listed in the respective manual. Limits relating to the heat dissi-
pation (orientation, free space) and/or EMC are specified there. In particular, the
required minimum distances between the components must be taken into account
for heat dissipating components that are arranged above one another.
2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the

drive assembly as an example
The components are arranged according to the specifications listed in the respect-
ive device manual. Special attention must be paid to:
• Free spaces for ventilation above and below the components

This page • Air flow direction of the cool air through the components from above and below
intentionally • Ventilation grid free of cables
left blank.
Motor Module (3–18 A)

Motor Module (30 A)
Active Line Module (55 kW) Braking Module
Control
Unit 320
500 mm (19.69)
Fig. 3: Example for a single-line drive unit Fig. 4: Multi-line mounting arrangement is not
Sinamics S120 Booksize; Siemens AG recommended from the climate control point
of view.

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure
2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

The pre-requisite for the correct enclosure climate control is the appropriate
arrangement of the devices and equipment, which are generally arranged according
to the specifications listed in the respective manual. Limits relating to the heat dissi-
pation (orientation, free space) and/or EMC are specified there. In particular, the
required minimum distances between the components must be taken into account
for heat dissipating components that are arranged above one another.
2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the

drive assembly as an example
The components are arranged according to the specifications listed in the respect-
ive device manual. Special attention must be paid to:
• Free spaces for ventilation above and below the components

• Air flow direction of the cool air through the components from above and below
• Ventilation grid free of cables
Motor Module (3–18 A)

Motor Module (30 A)
Active Line Module (55 kW) Braking Module
Control
Unit 320
500 mm (19.69)
Fig. 3: Example for a single-line drive unit Fig. 4: Multi-line mounting arrangement is not
Sinamics S120 Booksize; Siemens AG recommended from the climate control point
of view.

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure Enclosure heat dissipation
• Please pay attention to the direction of airflow when using filter fans, heat 3.0 Enclosure heat dissipation
exchangers or cooling units.
• The total of all lengths of preferably shielded power cables laid for connection As electronic components become ever smaller and are more densely packed in
to motors and the mains supply enclosures and electronic housings, systems are becoming increasingly sensitive
to external factors such as dust, oil, moisture and temperature. The dissipation of
The components should be arranged in a single line. If mounting is possible using the heat produced by systems in enclosures places particularly high demands on
only a multi-line arrangement due to space constraints, then special measures are cooling, which can only be fulfilled by knowledge and observance of basic cli-
required for climate control. matic dependencies in the area of enclosure climate control. The most important
basic principles concerning the enclosure climate control are presented in the
following section.
Fig. 5: Enclosure built in 1988 with low packing Fig. 6: Enclosure built in 2007 with high packing
density density
10 11
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:10-11 19.05.2009 11:48:43 Uhr

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure Enclosure heat dissipation
• Please pay attention to the direction of airflow when using filter fans, heat 3.0 Enclosure heat dissipation
exchangers or cooling units.
• The total of all lengths of preferably shielded power cables laid for connection As electronic components become ever smaller and are more densely packed in
to motors and the mains supply enclosures and electronic housings, systems are becoming increasingly sensitive
to external factors such as dust, oil, moisture and temperature. The dissipation of
The components should be arranged in a single line. If mounting is possible using the heat produced by systems in enclosures places particularly high demands on
only a multi-line arrangement due to space constraints, then special measures are cooling, which can only be fulfilled by knowledge and observance of basic cli-
required for climate control. matic dependencies in the area of enclosure climate control. The most important
basic principles concerning the enclosure climate control are presented in the
following section.
Fig. 5: Enclosure built in 1988 with low packing Fig. 6: Enclosure built in 2007 with high packing
density density
10 11
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:10-11 19.05.2009 11:48:43 Uhr

Enclosure heat dissipation The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units
3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units
3.1.1 External air circulation
Openings for air inlet and outlet in the cooling units of enclosures should have a min-
imum distance of 200 mm from a wall or from one another. Other minimum distances
can be obtained from specific guidelines of the equipment manufacturer upon request.
In order to ensure trouble-free air circulation, at least one air outlet opening must
remain open. If this distance cannot be maintained, a ventilation short circuit must
be prevented with the help of a suitable air baffle plate.
Fig. 8: A minimum distance of 200 mm to walls must be ensured.
Fig. 7: The external air circulation for cooling units
Fig. 9: Minimum distance not complied with
12 13

Enclosure heat dissipation The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units
3.1 The external and internal air circulation for enclosure cooling units
3.1.1 External air circulation
Openings for air inlet and outlet in the cooling units of enclosures should have a min-
imum distance of 200 mm from a wall or from one another. Other minimum distances
can be obtained from specific guidelines of the equipment manufacturer upon request.
In order to ensure trouble-free air circulation, at least one air outlet opening must
remain open. If this distance cannot be maintained, a ventilation short circuit must
be prevented with the help of a suitable air baffle plate.
Fig. 8: A minimum distance of 200 mm to walls must be ensured.
Fig. 7: The external air circulation for cooling units
Fig. 9: Minimum distance not complied with
12 13

Enclosure heat dissipation Sealing of the enclosure
3.1.2 Internal air circulation 3.2 Sealing of the enclosure

Do not mount cooling units of wall-mounting type directly behind the mounting The enclosure must be sealed in order to ensure trouble-free cooling operation.
plate, as an air short-circuit may occur between the air inlet and outlet, which pre- For this purpose, the protection class IP 54 must be ensured.
vents adequate air-conditioning of the equipment installed in the enclosure. Min- The IP classification as per IEC 60 529 describes the ability to withstand ingress of
imum free space of 50 mm must be ensured between the air inlet and outlet open- solid or liquid substances. The first character of the IP class is related to solid ob-
ings and the mounting plate when the cool air is fed diagonally. With horizontal air jects (dust) and the second to water.
flow installations, the required free space must be at least 200 mm. Larger values of
Protection against foreign bodies Protection against moisture
minimum free space must be maintained if specified by the equipment-specific man-
Description Definition Description Definition
ual of the manufacturer. IP 1X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X1 Protected against verti- Vertically falling water
If the mounting can only be carried out on the rear panel of the enclosure, adequate- foreign objects with a
diameter of 50 mm
of 50 mm in diameter, must
not penetrate fully1.
cally falling water drops drops shall have no harm-
ful effects.
ly dimensioned inlet and outlet openings must be provided on the mounting plate. and larger
IP 2X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X2 Protected against verti- Vertically falling drops
foreign objects with a 12.5 mm in diameter must cally falling water drops must not have any harmful
diameter of 12.5 mm not penetrate fully1. The when the enclosure is effects when the enclosure
and larger articulated test finger may tilted up to 15° is tilted up to 15° in both
penetrate up to its length directions from the
of 80 mm, but adequate vertical.
distance must be adhered to.
IP 3X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X3 Protected against Water sprayed at an angle
foreign objects with a 2.5 mm in diameter must spraying water of up to 60° on either side
diameter of 2.5 mm not penetrate at all1. of the vertical must have
and larger no harmful effects.
IP 4X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X4 Protected against Water splashed on the
foreign objects with a 1.0 mm in diameter must splashing water enclosure from every
diameter of 1.0 mm not penetrate at all1. direction must not have any
and larger adverse effects.
IP 5X Dust-protected The ingress of dust is not IP X5 Protected against Water splashed on the
fully prevented, but dust may water jets enclosure from every
not enter to such an extent direction must not have
as to impair satisfactory any adverse effects.
operation of the device
or safety.
IP 6X Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a IP X6 Protected against Water splashed on the

partial vacuum of 20 mbar powerful water jets enclosure from every direc-
inside the enclosure. tion in a powerful jet must
not have any adverse effects.
IP X7 Protected against the Water must not ingress to

effects of temporary such an extent as to cause
immersion in water harmful effects when the
enclosure is temporarily
immersed in water under
standardised pressure and
time conditions.
9K Water with high-pres- Water directed at the
sure/steam-jet cleaning2 enclosure from every
direction under greatly in-
creased pressure must not
have any adverse effects.
1 The full diameter of the object probe must not pass through an opening of the enclosure.
Fig. 10: The internal air circulation Fig. 11: Cooling unit with obstructed internal 2 Figure 9K according to DIN EN 40050, Part 9.
air circulation
Table 1: IP classification
14 15

Enclosure heat dissipation Sealing of the enclosure
3.1.2 Internal air circulation 3.2 Sealing of the enclosure

Do not mount cooling units of wall-mounting type directly behind the mounting The enclosure must be sealed in order to ensure trouble-free cooling operation.
plate, as an air short-circuit may occur between the air inlet and outlet, which pre- For this purpose, the protection class IP 54 must be ensured.
vents adequate air-conditioning of the equipment installed in the enclosure. Min- The IP classification as per IEC 60 529 describes the ability to withstand ingress of
imum free space of 50 mm must be ensured between the air inlet and outlet open- solid or liquid substances. The first character of the IP class is related to solid ob-
ings and the mounting plate when the cool air is fed diagonally. With horizontal air jects (dust) and the second to water.
flow installations, the required free space must be at least 200 mm. Larger values of
Protection against foreign bodies Protection against moisture
minimum free space must be maintained if specified by the equipment-specific man-
Description Definition Description Definition
ual of the manufacturer. IP 1X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X1 Protected against verti- Vertically falling water
If the mounting can only be carried out on the rear panel of the enclosure, adequate- foreign objects with a
diameter of 50 mm
of 50 mm in diameter, must
not penetrate fully1.
cally falling water drops drops shall have no harm-
ful effects.
ly dimensioned inlet and outlet openings must be provided on the mounting plate. and larger
IP 2X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X2 Protected against verti- Vertically falling drops
foreign objects with a 12.5 mm in diameter must cally falling water drops must not have any harmful
diameter of 12.5 mm not penetrate fully1. The when the enclosure is effects when the enclosure
and larger articulated test finger may tilted up to 15° is tilted up to 15° in both
penetrate up to its length directions from the
of 80 mm, but adequate vertical.
distance must be adhered to.
IP 3X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X3 Protected against Water sprayed at an angle
foreign objects with a 2.5 mm in diameter must spraying water of up to 60° on either side
diameter of 2.5 mm not penetrate at all1. of the vertical must have
and larger no harmful effects.
IP 4X Protected against solid The object probe, a sphere IP X4 Protected against Water splashed on the
foreign objects with a 1.0 mm in diameter must splashing water enclosure from every
diameter of 1.0 mm not penetrate at all1. direction must not have any
and larger adverse effects.
IP 5X Dust-protected The ingress of dust is not IP X5 Protected against Water splashed on the
fully prevented, but dust may water jets enclosure from every
not enter to such an extent direction must not have
as to impair satisfactory any adverse effects.
operation of the device
or safety.
IP 6X Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a IP X6 Protected against Water splashed on the

partial vacuum of 20 mbar powerful water jets enclosure from every direc-
inside the enclosure. tion in a powerful jet must
not have any adverse effects.
IP X7 Protected against the Water must not ingress to

effects of temporary such an extent as to cause
immersion in water harmful effects when the
enclosure is temporarily
immersed in water under
standardised pressure and
time conditions.
9K Water with high-pres- Water directed at the
sure/steam-jet cleaning2 enclosure from every
direction under greatly in-
creased pressure must not
have any adverse effects.
1 The full diameter of the object probe must not pass through an opening of the enclosure.
Fig. 10: The internal air circulation Fig. 11: Cooling unit with obstructed internal 2 Figure 9K according to DIN EN 40050, Part 9.
air circulation
Table 1: IP classification
14 15

Enclosure heat dissipation Climate control in the enclosure
Improperly sealed cable entries, damaged door seals or the inappropriate mounting 3.3 Climate control in the enclosure
of operating and display equipment on the surfaces of the enclosure result in forma- The climate control in the enclosure has a decisive impact on the quality of heat dis-
tion of many litres of condensate per day under unfavourable conditions and gener- sipation within the enclosure, therefore on the fault-free operation of the entire
ally lead to a higher temperature level in the enclosure. system and/or motor. Proper introduction of cold air in the enclosure and particu-
larly its subsequent distribution are of special importance for this purpose.
3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air

The cold air is supplied above the cooling units, which are mounted on the side
panels or doors of the enclosure as well as over the roof-mounted devices or equip-
ment, which is placed in the bottom section of the enclosure. In doing so, the design
of the cooling units required is primarily based upon – apart from the effective cool-
ing power – the dimensions of the enclosure, the space in the vicinity of the en-
closure as well as the arrangement of the components to be cooled in the enclos-
ure. Independent of the device selection, the cool air is generally supplied below the
active components in the enclosure and the distance between the cold air outlet
opening and an active component must be designed in such a manner that the cold
air can flow into the enclosure without hindrance.
Fig. 12: Proper cable routing using membrane Fig. 13: Leaks in the area of the cable entries
cable entries
Cold air
outlet
opening
Fig. 15: Between the cold air outlet opening Fig. 16: Cold air cannot flow into the enclosure
Fig. 14: Enclosure arrangement without sealing and an active component a minimum distance unhindered.
of 200 mm is necessary.
16 17

Improperly sealed cable entries, damaged door seals or the inappropriate mounting 3.3 Climate control in the enclosure
of operating and display equipment on the surfaces of the enclosure result in forma- The climate control in the enclosure has a decisive impact on the quality of heat dis-
tion of many litres of condensate per day under unfavourable conditions and gener- sipation within the enclosure, therefore on the fault-free operation of the entire
ally lead to a higher temperature level in the enclosure. system and/or motor. Proper introduction of cold air in the enclosure and particu-
larly its subsequent distribution are of special importance for this purpose.
3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air

The cold air is supplied above the cooling units, which are mounted on the side
panels or doors of the enclosure as well as over the roof-mounted devices or equip-
ment, which is placed in the bottom section of the enclosure. In doing so, the design
of the cooling units required is primarily based upon – apart from the effective cool-
ing power – the dimensions of the enclosure, the space in the vicinity of the en-
closure as well as the arrangement of the components to be cooled in the enclos-
ure. Independent of the device selection, the cool air is generally supplied below the
active components in the enclosure and the distance between the cold air outlet
opening and an active component must be designed in such a manner that the cold
air can flow into the enclosure without hindrance.
Fig. 12: Proper cable routing using membrane Fig. 13: Leaks in the area of the cable entries
cable entries
Cold air
outlet
opening
Fig. 15: Between the cold air outlet opening Fig. 16: Cold air cannot flow into the enclosure
Fig. 14: Enclosure arrangement without sealing and an active component a minimum distance unhindered.
of 200 mm is necessary.
16 17

Generally, wall-mounted devices are used in enclosures that have a single-line group The dissipation of the heated air must be carried out above the active components
of inverters.The cooling unit is mounted preferably on one of the doors of the enclos- – as a rule, in the ceiling section of the enclosure. When selecting a wall-mounted
ure for cooling of such enclosures.Therefore, the cold air is provided below the bank. cooling unit, not only the cooling capacity of the unit is important, but also the con-
The required minimum distance of 200 mm between the cold air outlet and the main struction height or the distance between the cold air outlet opening and the hot air
components to be cooled is generally ensured by the distance between the enclosure intake opening.
door and the mounting plate provided by the constructional design.
If the required distance is not provided in exceptional circumstances, then the cold
air is supplied via an air baffle plate at the cold air outlet of the cooling unit in the
bottom section below the components to be cooled.
Fig. 19: Cold air is provided below the components. Fig. 20: Cold air is fed above the lower drive unit.
Fig. 17: Cooling unit with air baffle plate at the Fig. 18: Cooling unit with air diverter at the hot
cool air outlet air intake
18 19

Generally, wall-mounted devices are used in enclosures that have a single-line group The dissipation of the heated air must be carried out above the active components
of inverters.The cooling unit is mounted preferably on one of the doors of the enclos- – as a rule, in the ceiling section of the enclosure. When selecting a wall-mounted
ure for cooling of such enclosures.Therefore, the cold air is provided below the bank. cooling unit, not only the cooling capacity of the unit is important, but also the con-
The required minimum distance of 200 mm between the cold air outlet and the main struction height or the distance between the cold air outlet opening and the hot air
components to be cooled is generally ensured by the distance between the enclosure intake opening.
door and the mounting plate provided by the constructional design.
If the required distance is not provided in exceptional circumstances, then the cold
air is supplied via an air baffle plate at the cold air outlet of the cooling unit in the
bottom section below the components to be cooled.
Fig. 19: Cold air is provided below the components. Fig. 20: Cold air is fed above the lower drive unit.
Fig. 17: Cooling unit with air baffle plate at the Fig. 18: Cooling unit with air diverter at the hot
cool air outlet air intake
18 19

Door-mounting of a cooling unit is preferable as compared to its mounting on a side Roof-mounted cooling units are used for cooling single-line and multi-line inverter
panel from the climate control point of view, as the inverter group is fed with cold air groups. Such units stand out particularly owing to the fact that the heat dissipated by the
from the side in the case of the latter and therefore there is the risk that the cold air active components is fed to the cooling unit at the highest position in the enclosure.
remains partially unutilised by flowing below the inverter group. Furthermore, the Roof-mounted units can be provided with many air outlet openings, which are lo-
development of circulatory flow can be initiated in the enclosure, which transports cated around one central hot air inlet opening. Cold air, which flows out of these
heated air from the region of the enclosure above the heat-producing components openings, should be fed to the bottom section so that it can spread extensively be-
in the bottom section of the enclosure – and, thus, below the components that need low the components to be cooled. If the cold air cannot flow unhindered to the
to be cooled. It is recommended to provide shielding between the inverter group and region below the components, then this must be ensured with the help of air duct
the walls of the enclosure to prevent corresponding back-flow. systems. Heated by the heat dissipated by the components, the air finally flows up
to the central hot air inlet opening of the cooling unit. In this manner, air circulation
takes place in the enclosure, which leads to dissipation of the heat generated.
Mounting plate
Hot air inlet Cool air flowing from

a roof-mounted cooling unit
Cold air outlet

Wall-mounted cooling unit
Inverter group Inverter group

with integrated fans
Enclosure
Y
Z X
X
Z
Fig. 21: Air flow within the inverter group with circulatory flow; wall-mounted cooling unit mounted Fig. 22: The cold air currents generated by the roof-mounted cooling unit are disrupted by the rising
on the right side panel hot air currents generated by the inverter group.
20 21

Door-mounting of a cooling unit is preferable as compared to its mounting on a side Roof-mounted cooling units are used for cooling single-line and multi-line inverter
panel from the climate control point of view, as the inverter group is fed with cold air groups. Such units stand out particularly owing to the fact that the heat dissipated by the
from the side in the case of the latter and therefore there is the risk that the cold air active components is fed to the cooling unit at the highest position in the enclosure.
remains partially unutilised by flowing below the inverter group. Furthermore, the Roof-mounted units can be provided with many air outlet openings, which are lo-
development of circulatory flow can be initiated in the enclosure, which transports cated around one central hot air inlet opening. Cold air, which flows out of these
heated air from the region of the enclosure above the heat-producing components openings, should be fed to the bottom section so that it can spread extensively be-
in the bottom section of the enclosure – and, thus, below the components that need low the components to be cooled. If the cold air cannot flow unhindered to the
to be cooled. It is recommended to provide shielding between the inverter group and region below the components, then this must be ensured with the help of air duct
the walls of the enclosure to prevent corresponding back-flow. systems. Heated by the heat dissipated by the components, the air finally flows up
to the central hot air inlet opening of the cooling unit. In this manner, air circulation
takes place in the enclosure, which leads to dissipation of the heat generated.
Mounting plate
Hot air inlet Cool air flowing from

a roof-mounted cooling unit
Cold air outlet

Wall-mounted cooling unit
Inverter group Inverter group

with integrated fans
Enclosure
Y
Z X
X
Z
Fig. 21: Air flow within the inverter group with circulatory flow; wall-mounted cooling unit mounted Fig. 22: The cold air currents generated by the roof-mounted cooling unit are disrupted by the rising
on the right side panel hot air currents generated by the inverter group.
20 21

Since the formation of the air currents described is affected by the location of When designing such air flow systems, it must be noted that
the components in the enclosure, which are partly fitted with integrated fans, the • the use of a duct system reduces the cooling power of the cooling unit by up to 15%,
cold air inlet to the components should be routed via air duct systems, which • as many air duct systems as possible must be provided per enclosure,
guide the cold air specifically to those areas within the enclosure where they are • pneumatic hose pipes must be laid without folding or bending them,
required. In particular, such air duct systems allow the air-conditioning of multi- • it is not permitted to blow air directly onto active components,
line inverter groups, whereby attention must be paid to see that the cold air is • the unhindered outlet of cold air at the end of the duct must be ensured,
not fed directly below an inverter group. A clearance of at least 200 mm must be • in the case of roof-mounted cooling units (compressor devices), which have mul-
guaranteed. tiple openings for cold air outlet, unhindered air outlet must be guaranteed from
at least two openings.
> 200 mm Inverter

group
Air duct systems
Fig. 23: The use of air duct systems for targeting the flow of cold air Fig. 24: Principle of air-routing Fig. 25: Air duct systems
22 23

Since the formation of the air currents described is affected by the location of When designing such air flow systems, it must be noted that
the components in the enclosure, which are partly fitted with integrated fans, the • the use of a duct system reduces the cooling power of the cooling unit by up to 15%,
cold air inlet to the components should be routed via air duct systems, which • as many air duct systems as possible must be provided per enclosure,
guide the cold air specifically to those areas within the enclosure where they are • pneumatic hose pipes must be laid without folding or bending them,
required. In particular, such air duct systems allow the air-conditioning of multi- • it is not permitted to blow air directly onto active components,
line inverter groups, whereby attention must be paid to see that the cold air is • the unhindered outlet of cold air at the end of the duct must be ensured,
not fed directly below an inverter group. A clearance of at least 200 mm must be • in the case of roof-mounted cooling units (compressor devices), which have mul-
guaranteed. tiple openings for cold air outlet, unhindered air outlet must be guaranteed from
at least two openings.
> 200 mm Inverter

group
Air duct systems
Fig. 23: The use of air duct systems for targeting the flow of cold air Fig. 24: Principle of air-routing Fig. 25: Air duct systems
22 23

Note:
Max. no. of stoppers
Max. 1 x per unit Max. 2 x
Fig. 26: Air outlet openings in roof-mounted cooling units
Fig. 29: Shallow duct system for cold air routing
Fig. 27: Practical example: Enclosure climate Fig. 28: Enclosure climate control with air duct
control with roof-mounted heat exchanger and system
air duct system retrofitted
24 25

Note:
Max. no. of stoppers
Max. 1 x per unit Max. 2 x
Fig. 26: Air outlet openings in roof-mounted cooling units
Fig. 29: Shallow duct system for cold air routing
Fig. 27: Practical example: Enclosure climate Fig. 28: Enclosure climate control with air duct
control with roof-mounted heat exchanger and system
air duct system retrofitted
24 25

Roof-mounted cooling units together with air duct systems, which guide the cold air Openings for air inlet and air outlet of active components in the internal circuit may
up to the bottom section of the enclosure and discharge it there at low speeds via a not be covered by electrical installations under any circumstances, as this may result
duct having a large area and provided with air outlet openings, represent another cool- that the air circulation within the enclosure is hindered and the cooling power of
ing solution, which is particularly characterised by the fact that a relatively uniform the unit would not be utilised adequately. If it becomes absolutely necessary to
temperature distribution is set within the enclosure and the flow direction of the cool mount components in the immediate vicinity of ventilation openings, then air baffle
air matches that of the fans installed in the inverter components. The disadvantage is plates must be used to ensure equal circulation.
that this cooling method is only partially suitable for air-conditioning enclosures having
multi-line inverter groups, since the cool air is fed primarily to the lowest group and
the groups above it are generally not adequately fed with cool air.
Fig. 31: Storage of documents in a wiring plan Fig. 32: The inlet of cold air in the inverter
pocket group is hindered by the document storage
pocket.
Fig. 30: Uniform flow of cool air within an enclosure by using an air duct system with air outlet
openings in the bottom section
! Note:
Please provide adequate storage pockets for documents at appropri-
ate locations when designing the enclosure.
26 27

Roof-mounted cooling units together with air duct systems, which guide the cold air Openings for air inlet and air outlet of active components in the internal circuit may
up to the bottom section of the enclosure and discharge it there at low speeds via a not be covered by electrical installations under any circumstances, as this may result
duct having a large area and provided with air outlet openings, represent another cool- that the air circulation within the enclosure is hindered and the cooling power of
ing solution, which is particularly characterised by the fact that a relatively uniform the unit would not be utilised adequately. If it becomes absolutely necessary to
temperature distribution is set within the enclosure and the flow direction of the cool mount components in the immediate vicinity of ventilation openings, then air baffle
air matches that of the fans installed in the inverter components. The disadvantage is plates must be used to ensure equal circulation.
that this cooling method is only partially suitable for air-conditioning enclosures having
multi-line inverter groups, since the cool air is fed primarily to the lowest group and
the groups above it are generally not adequately fed with cool air.
Fig. 31: Storage of documents in a wiring plan Fig. 32: The inlet of cold air in the inverter
pocket group is hindered by the document storage
pocket.
Fig. 30: Uniform flow of cool air within an enclosure by using an air duct system with air outlet
openings in the bottom section
! Note:
Please provide adequate storage pockets for documents at appropri-
ate locations when designing the enclosure.
26 27

Please pay attention to installed equipment, which has its own ventilation (fans or
axial fans) and could be aligned in such a manner that its air flow direction is
oriented against that of the cold air flow of the cooling unit. The corresponding
components can cause an air short-circuit of the cooling unit and thus, hinder ad-
equate air-conditioning. Possible effects of an air short-circuit are:
• Icing on the cooling unit

• Overheating of the components
• Plant shutdown
Fig. 33: Cold air can reach the inlet openings of Fig. 34: Cold air inlet hindered by inappropriate
the inverter group unhindered. lying of cables
Fig. 35: Cables laid properly above the inverter Fig. 36: Hot air outlet hindered
group Fig. 37: Proper and improper air circulation in the enclosure (drawings created using EPLAN Cabinet)
28 29

Please pay attention to installed equipment, which has its own ventilation (fans or
axial fans) and could be aligned in such a manner that its air flow direction is
oriented against that of the cold air flow of the cooling unit. The corresponding
components can cause an air short-circuit of the cooling unit and thus, hinder ad-
equate air-conditioning. Possible effects of an air short-circuit are:
• Icing on the cooling unit

• Overheating of the components
• Plant shutdown
Fig. 33: Cold air can reach the inlet openings of Fig. 34: Cold air inlet hindered by inappropriate
the inverter group unhindered. lying of cables
Fig. 35: Cables laid properly above the inverter Fig. 36: Hot air outlet hindered
group Fig. 37: Proper and improper air circulation in the enclosure (drawings created using EPLAN Cabinet)
28 29

3.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive units From the viewpoint of adequate air-conditioning of multi-line arrangements, the units
The heat dissipation of multi-line drive assemblies places high demands on enclos- should be installed with an offset on the mounting plate as far as possible with respect
ure climate control, since heavy power losses must be dissipated in a secure manner to the side or with respect to the depth so that the heat dissipated by the lower as-
over a relatively small area. It must be ensured, especially when placing the drive semblies can be released unhindered and is not fed again to the units above them.
units, that adequate clearance is maintained between the units so that the waste
heat flow of the lower drive unit is not aimed directly at the cool air inlet zones of
the drive unit placed above it. In order to avoid increased temperature of the upper
unit, the vertical clearance between the drive units must accord to those specified Temperature
by the manufacturer. °C
45.0
42.5
40.0
Fig. 38: Complying with 37.5
minimum clearances in
35.0
the case of multi-line
32.5
drive units
30.0
27.5
25.0
Inverter group
Air duct systems

Y
X
Z
Fig. 40: In the case of units arranged above one another, the heat dissipated by the lower units leads
to further temperature rise of the units above them.
Fig. 39: With this design the minimum

clearances have not been complied with.
30 31

3.3.2 Air-conditioning of multi-line drive units From the viewpoint of adequate air-conditioning of multi-line arrangements, the units
The heat dissipation of multi-line drive assemblies places high demands on enclos- should be installed with an offset on the mounting plate as far as possible with respect
ure climate control, since heavy power losses must be dissipated in a secure manner to the side or with respect to the depth so that the heat dissipated by the lower as-
over a relatively small area. It must be ensured, especially when placing the drive semblies can be released unhindered and is not fed again to the units above them.
units, that adequate clearance is maintained between the units so that the waste
heat flow of the lower drive unit is not aimed directly at the cool air inlet zones of
the drive unit placed above it. In order to avoid increased temperature of the upper
unit, the vertical clearance between the drive units must accord to those specified Temperature
by the manufacturer. °C
45.0
42.5
40.0
Fig. 38: Complying with 37.5
minimum clearances in
35.0
the case of multi-line
32.5
drive units
30.0
27.5
25.0
Inverter group
Air duct systems

Y
X
Z
Fig. 40: In the case of units arranged above one another, the heat dissipated by the lower units leads
to further temperature rise of the units above them.
Fig. 39: With this design the minimum

clearances have not been complied with.
30 31

Roof-mounted cooling units or roof-mounted heat exchangers together with air duct
Temperature systems should be used for air-conditioning multi-line banks, which provide the cool air
°C
45.0 specifically to the cool air inlet zones of the inverter groups.
42.5 It is not recommended to use wall-mounted cooling units for cooling inverter groups
40.0
which are arranged directly above one another!
37.5
35.0
Temperature
32.5 °C
45.0
30.0 42.5
40.0
27.5 37.5
35.0
25.0 32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0
X Fig. 42: Cooling of banks installed above one Fig. 43: Isotherms 35°C (zones having the same
Z another. The air outlet from the air duct systems temperature)
takes place via four air outlet openings.
Fig. 41: Temperature distribution (35°C isotherms) in an enclosure having units arranged above one
another. The upper inverter group is located in the zone having higher temperature.
Z X
Fig. 44: Flow of cold air below

the inverter groups
32 33

Roof-mounted cooling units or roof-mounted heat exchangers together with air duct
Temperature systems should be used for air-conditioning multi-line banks, which provide the cool air
°C
45.0 specifically to the cool air inlet zones of the inverter groups.
42.5 It is not recommended to use wall-mounted cooling units for cooling inverter groups
40.0
which are arranged directly above one another!
37.5
35.0
Temperature
32.5 °C
45.0
30.0 42.5
40.0
27.5 37.5
35.0
25.0 32.5
30.0
27.5
25.0
X Fig. 42: Cooling of banks installed above one Fig. 43: Isotherms 35°C (zones having the same
Z another. The air outlet from the air duct systems temperature)
takes place via four air outlet openings.
Fig. 41: Temperature distribution (35°C isotherms) in an enclosure having units arranged above one
another. The upper inverter group is located in the zone having higher temperature.
Z X
Fig. 44: Flow of cold air below

the inverter groups
32 33

3.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosures

In the case of multi-piece enclosures, the cool air must be provided at the location
having the maximum heat generation.
Cooling unit
Incorrect Correct mounted on
the right door
of the enclosure
Unit assembly Unit assembly

control unit
control unit
Climate
Climate
Field 1 Field 2 Field 1 Field 2

Main power losses
Fig. 46: Practical example of placement of a cooling unit: The cool air is provided at the location
having the maximum heat generation. However, there is not sufficient free space available above the
inverter group.
Field 1 Field 2 Field 1 Field 2 Main power losses

Cooling unit 1
Climate Climate
control unit control unit
Fig. 45: Placement of the cooling units in multi-piece enclosures without intermediate walls. The
figure illustrates the top view of the enclosures.
Cooling unit 2
Fig. 47: Example of unfavourable cooling unit placement (cooling unit 2)
34 35

3.3.3 Air-conditioning of multi-piece enclosures

In the case of multi-piece enclosures, the cool air must be provided at the location
having the maximum heat generation.
Cooling unit
Incorrect Correct mounted on
the right door
of the enclosure

control unit
control unit
Climate
Climate
Field 1 Field 2 Field 1 Field 2

Main power losses
Fig. 46: Practical example of placement of a cooling unit: The cool air is provided at the location
having the maximum heat generation. However, there is not sufficient free space available above the
inverter group.
Field 1 Field 2 Field 1 Field 2 Main power losses

Cooling unit 1
Climate Climate
control unit control unit
Fig. 45: Placement of the cooling units in multi-piece enclosures without intermediate walls. The
figure illustrates the top view of the enclosures.
Cooling unit 2
Fig. 47: Example of unfavourable cooling unit placement (cooling unit 2)
34 35

Enclosure heat dissipation Position of the enclosure thermostat
3.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure 3.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat
Cooling units for enclosures generally have a factory setting of +35°C for the internal When using temperature monitoring systems, the measuring point of the tempera-
temperature of the enclosure. This preset value represents a fair compromise ture should be located in the suction area of the components exposed to high
between service life, cooling power and condensate formation. temperature. Placing the temperature measurement device above components
The set point for temperature should not be kept too low, since this quickly leads to exposed to heat or in regions of the enclosure that are not air-conditioned must be
violation of the dew point, which is associated with increased formation of conden- avoided, as at these measuring points often higher temperature values are recorded,
sate. In case of a very large difference between the internal and external tempera- which do not have any relation to the quality of the air-conditioning within the en-
ture, there is a further risk that moisture in the air condenses on the electronic closure in the vicinity of the temperature-critical components.
components when opening the enclosure.
Thermostat
Fig. 48: Internal temperature setting of the enclosure on the cooling unit
Fig. 49: Unfavourable placement of the enclosure thermostat in the roof area of an enclosure
36 37

Enclosure heat dissipation Position of the enclosure thermostat
3.4 Setting the internal temperature in the enclosure 3.5 Position of the enclosure thermostat
Cooling units for enclosures generally have a factory setting of +35°C for the internal When using temperature monitoring systems, the measuring point of the tempera-
temperature of the enclosure. This preset value represents a fair compromise ture should be located in the suction area of the components exposed to high
between service life, cooling power and condensate formation. temperature. Placing the temperature measurement device above components
The set point for temperature should not be kept too low, since this quickly leads to exposed to heat or in regions of the enclosure that are not air-conditioned must be
violation of the dew point, which is associated with increased formation of conden- avoided, as at these measuring points often higher temperature values are recorded,
sate. In case of a very large difference between the internal and external tempera- which do not have any relation to the quality of the air-conditioning within the en-
ture, there is a further risk that moisture in the air condenses on the electronic closure in the vicinity of the temperature-critical components.
components when opening the enclosure.
Thermostat
Fig. 48: Internal temperature setting of the enclosure on the cooling unit
Fig. 49: Unfavourable placement of the enclosure thermostat in the roof area of an enclosure
36 37

Enclosure heat dissipation The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment
3.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment Washable metallic filters must be used in cooling units deployed in oily atmospheres. If
In highly dusty environments, the cooling unit must be protected from dust deposits air or steam condenses on the metal surfaces, any particles that may be present will
using suitable filter equipment, as respective deposits in the area of the condenser adhere to the metal and are easily washed out with water or grease-dissolving deter-
lead to rapid reduction of the effective cooling performance. In the case of moderate gents. In order to reduce the frequency of service and maintenance of cooling units that
dust levels, generally filter mats made of open-celled polyurethane foamed plastic are are used in oily atmospheres, it is recommended to use cooling units with a dirt-repel-
used, which – depending on the dust levels – must either be cleaned or replaced. lent coating of the condenser – e.g. with a nano-coating. In such units, the membranes
In practice, randomly oriented fibre fleece from fan-and-filter units are often used remain clean for a longer period and the task of cleaning is made a lot easier.
as the filter device for cooling units, which are not suitable for this application, since
dust accumulates on them very quickly due to their fine, porous filter design in
conjunction with the increased air throughput in the external air circuit of a cooling
unit (in comparison to fan-and-filter units) and thus cause reduction of the cooling
power.
So-called “fluff sieves” are used in the textile industry (see Fig. 52).
Fig. 51: Nano-coating of the condenser (left: not coated, right: coated)
Fig. 50: Filter materials (polyurethane foamed plastic, metallic filters and chopped-fibre mat)
38 39

Enclosure heat dissipation The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment
3.6 The use of cooling units in harsh ambient air environment Washable metallic filters must be used in cooling units deployed in oily atmospheres. If
In highly dusty environments, the cooling unit must be protected from dust deposits air or steam condenses on the metal surfaces, any particles that may be present will
using suitable filter equipment, as respective deposits in the area of the condenser adhere to the metal and are easily washed out with water or grease-dissolving deter-
lead to rapid reduction of the effective cooling performance. In the case of moderate gents. In order to reduce the frequency of service and maintenance of cooling units that
dust levels, generally filter mats made of open-celled polyurethane foamed plastic are are used in oily atmospheres, it is recommended to use cooling units with a dirt-repel-
used, which – depending on the dust levels – must either be cleaned or replaced. lent coating of the condenser – e.g. with a nano-coating. In such units, the membranes
In practice, randomly oriented fibre fleece from fan-and-filter units are often used remain clean for a longer period and the task of cleaning is made a lot easier.
as the filter device for cooling units, which are not suitable for this application, since
dust accumulates on them very quickly due to their fine, porous filter design in
conjunction with the increased air throughput in the external air circuit of a cooling
unit (in comparison to fan-and-filter units) and thus cause reduction of the cooling
power.
So-called “fluff sieves” are used in the textile industry (see Fig. 52).
Fig. 51: Nano-coating of the condenser (left: not coated, right: coated)
Fig. 50: Filter materials (polyurethane foamed plastic, metallic filters and chopped-fibre mat)
38 39

Enclosure heat dissipation Dehumidication of the enclosure air — condensate
3.7 Dehumidication of the enclosure air — condensate

When using cooling units one of the unavoidable side effects is dehumidification of
the air within the enclosure, since during cooling, a part of the moisture content in
the air condenses on the evaporator coil. The amount of condensate occurring de-
pends on the relative humidity, the air temperature in the enclosure and the evap-
orator coil, and the air volume present in the enclosure. The condensate formed
within the enclosure is generally discharged via a condensate discharge system.
Alternatively, internal or external electrical evaporator systems are provided,
which collect the condensate in a collecting tray and vaporise it when it reaches a
specific level.
3.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting tray

Condensate is discharged from the cooling unit by means of a drain integrated in
the evaporator tray, which, amongst others, is formed under conditions of high
humidity and low temperature within the enclosure on the evaporator coil of the
Fig. 52: Fluff sieve for the textile industry Fig. 53: Deposits at the air intake of a cooling cooling unit. A hose pipe must be connected to the drain and laid without kinks
unit (outer air circulation) in the textile industry. with sufficient gradient for discharging the condensate. In the case of cooling units
(The cooling unit was operated with an unsuit-
designed for roof-mounting, the condensate drainage must be implemented using
able device filter).
Fig. 54: Filter for oily atmospheres Fig. 55: High degree of dirt collection on a de- Fig. 56: Condensate discharge using a hose and collecting tray Fig. 57: Practical example
vice filter when operating the cooling unit in an
oily ambient air environment.
40 41

3.7 Dehumidication of the enclosure air — condensate

When using cooling units one of the unavoidable side effects is dehumidification of
the air within the enclosure, since during cooling, a part of the moisture content in
the air condenses on the evaporator coil. The amount of condensate occurring de-
pends on the relative humidity, the air temperature in the enclosure and the evap-
orator coil, and the air volume present in the enclosure. The condensate formed
within the enclosure is generally discharged via a condensate discharge system.
Alternatively, internal or external electrical evaporator systems are provided,
which collect the condensate in a collecting tray and vaporise it when it reaches a
specific level.
3.7.1 Condensate disposal using a hose pipe and a collecting tray

Condensate is discharged from the cooling unit by means of a drain integrated in
the evaporator tray, which, amongst others, is formed under conditions of high
humidity and low temperature within the enclosure on the evaporator coil of the
Fig. 52: Fluff sieve for the textile industry Fig. 53: Deposits at the air intake of a cooling cooling unit. A hose pipe must be connected to the drain and laid without kinks
unit (outer air circulation) in the textile industry. with sufficient gradient for discharging the condensate. In the case of cooling units
(The cooling unit was operated with an unsuit-
designed for roof-mounting, the condensate drainage must be implemented using
able device filter).
Fig. 54: Filter for oily atmospheres Fig. 55: High degree of dirt collection on a de- Fig. 56: Condensate discharge using a hose and collecting tray Fig. 57: Practical example
vice filter when operating the cooling unit in an
oily ambient air environment.
40 41

angle pieces. A back-flow prevention mechanism must be used in the line, which
prevents the flow of outside air into the enclosure. The mechanism to prevent
back-flow must be checked for contamination on a regular basis.
The cross-section of the pipe may not be reduced if the hose needs to be extended.
Fig. 59: Incorrect condensate discharge; Discharge Fig. 60: Incorrect condensate discharge; Dis-
of the condensate on the roof of the enclosure charge of the condensate on floor of the hall –
Risk of accidents!
Fig. 58: Laying the condensate hose
42 43

angle pieces. A back-flow prevention mechanism must be used in the line, which
prevents the flow of outside air into the enclosure. The mechanism to prevent
back-flow must be checked for contamination on a regular basis.
The cross-section of the pipe may not be reduced if the hose needs to be extended.
Fig. 59: Incorrect condensate discharge; Discharge Fig. 60: Incorrect condensate discharge; Dis-
of the condensate on the roof of the enclosure charge of the condensate on floor of the hall –
Risk of accidents!
Fig. 58: Laying the condensate hose
42 43

3.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporation In order to ensure condensate discharge in the event of a fault or in case of in-
High-quality cooling solutions are generally provided with an automatic condensate creased condensate formation, cooling units are fitted with integrated condensate
evaporator coil. Respective equipment, which is located within the cooling unit, com- evaporator systems having a condensate safety overflow mechanism.
prises of a condensate collecting tray, an electric heating element and a level switch.The
condensate formed is collected in the collecting tray and automatically evaporated and
discharged to the ambient air when a specific level is reached. Particularly advanced
solutions feed the condensate directly to a heating element (PTC element).
Automatic condensate evaporator coils can evaporate many litres of condensate
each day and therefore ensure that – in a properly sealed enclosure – under normal
operational conditions complete evaporation of the condensate formed takes place.
Closed plastics enclosure

Aluminium profile
PTC heating element
Condensate evaporating equipment Stainless steel pipe

Rear cover
Fig. 63: Automatic condensate evaporator system Fig. 64: Condensate safety overflow mechanism
with collecting tray, heating element and level of a roof-mounted cooling unit with integrated
switch condensate evaporator
Fig. 61: Automatic condensate evaporating equip- Fig. 62: Condensate evaporating equipment
ment with PTC element
44 45

3.7.2 Automatic condensate evaporation In order to ensure condensate discharge in the event of a fault or in case of in-
High-quality cooling solutions are generally provided with an automatic condensate creased condensate formation, cooling units are fitted with integrated condensate
evaporator coil. Respective equipment, which is located within the cooling unit, com- evaporator systems having a condensate safety overflow mechanism.
prises of a condensate collecting tray, an electric heating element and a level switch.The
condensate formed is collected in the collecting tray and automatically evaporated and
discharged to the ambient air when a specific level is reached. Particularly advanced
solutions feed the condensate directly to a heating element (PTC element).
Automatic condensate evaporator coils can evaporate many litres of condensate
each day and therefore ensure that – in a properly sealed enclosure – under normal
operational conditions complete evaporation of the condensate formed takes place.
Closed plastics enclosure

Aluminium profile
PTC heating element
Condensate evaporating equipment Stainless steel pipe

Rear cover
Fig. 63: Automatic condensate evaporator system Fig. 64: Condensate safety overflow mechanism
with collecting tray, heating element and level of a roof-mounted cooling unit with integrated
switch condensate evaporator
Fig. 61: Automatic condensate evaporating equip- Fig. 62: Condensate evaporating equipment
ment with PTC element
44 45

3.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formation

Cooling operation with the enclosure doors open results in continuous entry of air with
relatively higher humidity into the enclosure, and therefore inevitably leads to the forma-
tion of condensate in substantial quantities. A door operated switch can be used, which
shuts down the cooling unit when the enclosure door is opened, in order to prevent
condensate formation. When using door operated switches it must be ensured that in
the case of enclosures arranged next to one another without separating walls and mul-
tiple cooling units, each enclosure door is provided with a door operated switch.When
any enclosure door is opened all cooling units should be shut down.
In the case of enclosures arranged next to one another with separating walls, door oper-
ated switches are required only in those enclosures that are fitted with a cooling unit.
Fig. 66: Door operated switch disabled Fig. 67: Door operated switch disabled
Fig. 65: Use of door operated switches in individual enclosures (figure on the left) and enclosures
arranged adjacent to one another without separating walls (figure on the right). In the case of
enclosures arranged adjacent to one another, all enclosures fitted with cooling units must be
provided with door operated switches.
46 47

3.7.3 Door operated switch to prevent excessive condensate formation

Cooling operation with the enclosure doors open results in continuous entry of air with
relatively higher humidity into the enclosure, and therefore inevitably leads to the forma-
tion of condensate in substantial quantities. A door operated switch can be used, which
shuts down the cooling unit when the enclosure door is opened, in order to prevent
condensate formation. When using door operated switches it must be ensured that in
the case of enclosures arranged next to one another without separating walls and mul-
tiple cooling units, each enclosure door is provided with a door operated switch.When
any enclosure door is opened all cooling units should be shut down.
In the case of enclosures arranged next to one another with separating walls, door oper-
ated switches are required only in those enclosures that are fitted with a cooling unit.
Fig. 66: Door operated switch disabled Fig. 67: Door operated switch disabled
Fig. 65: Use of door operated switches in individual enclosures (figure on the left) and enclosures
arranged adjacent to one another without separating walls (figure on the right). In the case of
enclosures arranged adjacent to one another, all enclosures fitted with cooling units must be
provided with door operated switches.
46 47

Special features when cooling drive components
4.0 Special features when cooling drive components

using the example of Sinamics/Simodrive
The components must have the cool air current flowing vertically from the bottom
(cold region) to the top (region heated by operation).The correct air flow direction
must be ensured when using filter fans, heat exchangers or climate control units.
The clearances specified for the ventilation must be complied with. No other com-
ponents and lines/cables may be laid or mounted in these areas. Lines may not be
laid on the modules and the vent grills must remain free and unblocked under all
circumstances. A cable duct on the mounting plate is not considered as free space!
80 mm
Correct Incorrect
80 mm
Cable duct
Cable duct
100 mm
40 mm
This page
intentionally Unit assembly Unit assembly
left blank.
100 mm ventilation
clearances at the top
and bottom
40 mm
100 mm Cable duct
Cable duct 80 mm
80 mm
Fig. 68: Ventilation clearances for a typical drive unit (Siemens Simodrive)
49

Special features when cooling drive components
4.0 Special features when cooling drive components

using the example of Sinamics/Simodrive
The components must have the cool air current flowing vertically from the bottom
(cold region) to the top (region heated by operation).The correct air flow direction
must be ensured when using filter fans, heat exchangers or climate control units.
The clearances specified for the ventilation must be complied with. No other com-
ponents and lines/cables may be laid or mounted in these areas. Lines may not be
laid on the modules and the vent grills must remain free and unblocked under all
circumstances. A cable duct on the mounting plate is not considered as free space!
80 mm
Correct Incorrect
80 mm
Cable duct
Cable duct
100 mm
40 mm
100 mm ventilation
clearances at the top
and bottom
40 mm
100 mm Cable duct
Cable duct 80 mm
80 mm
Fig. 68: Ventilation clearances for a typical drive unit (Siemens Simodrive)
49

Special features when cooling drive components Free spaces Simodrive 611
If the installation instructions of the components in the enclosure are not observed, 4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611
then this can lead to reduction in the service life of components and, consequently,
to their premature failure. The thermal dependencies can be described in more
detail based on the Arrhenius equation: approx. 10 K temperature rise causes
!
Note:
reduction of the service life by half and doubling of the failure rate. Mounting
surface For modules generating large
quantities of heat such as the
100 mm
Exhaust air
pulse resistance module and
UE module 1 (10 kW) a hot air
120 % 9.00
diversion plate (100 mm wide)
Nominal load 8.00 must be provided to protect
100 % the cables from overheating.
7.00
80 % 6.00
Failure rate
Service life
100 mm
5.00
60 %
Cool air
4.00
40 % 3.00
Fig. 70: Free space above and below Simodrive 611
2.00
20 %
1.00
0% 0.00
–10 K –5 K 0K 5K 10 K 15 K 20 K 25 K 30 K
Temperature change
Fig. 69: Service life and failure rate of inverters depending on the temperature of the inlet air
50 51

Special features when cooling drive components Free spaces Simodrive 611
If the installation instructions of the components in the enclosure are not observed, 4.1 Free spaces Simodrive 611
then this can lead to reduction in the service life of components and, consequently,
to their premature failure. The thermal dependencies can be described in more
detail based on the Arrhenius equation: approx. 10 K temperature rise causes
!
Note:
reduction of the service life by half and doubling of the failure rate. Mounting
surface For modules generating large
quantities of heat such as the
100 mm
Exhaust air
pulse resistance module and
UE module 1 (10 kW) a hot air
120 % 9.00
diversion plate (100 mm wide)
Nominal load 8.00 must be provided to protect
100 % the cables from overheating.
7.00
80 % 6.00
Failure rate
Service life
100 mm
5.00
60 %
Cool air
4.00
40 % 3.00
Fig. 70: Free space above and below Simodrive 611
2.00
20 %
1.00
0% 0.00
–10 K –5 K 0K 5K 10 K 15 K 20 K 25 K 30 K
Temperature change
Fig. 69: Service life and failure rate of inverters depending on the temperature of the inlet air
50 51

Special features when cooling drive components Free spaces Sinamics Chassis
4.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize 4.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis
The devices Sinamics S120 chassis are force-cooled using installed fans. Air short-
circuits must be prevented by means of suitable shielding.
80 mm
Mounting Exhaust air
surface
250 mm
80 mm
Exhaust air Mounting

surface Exhaust air
Ventilation
clearances
Cool air
Cool air
80 mm
Cool air
150 mm
Fan
50 mm
Size FI Size GI
Fig. 71: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive Fig. 72: Ventilation clearances for 300 mm Fig. 74: Air routing for Active Interface Module: Fig. 75: Active Interface Module: sizes FI and GI
assembly with internal air cooling modules sizes FI and GI
250 mm
!
surface Note:
80 mm If the components are
Exhaust air
Exhaust air
mounted in a sealed enclos-
ure, then an extra fan
must be mounted to pre-
vent hot spots, with the fan
providing air ow. It is
advantageous to place the
fan above the modules in Cool air
order to achieve effective
Cool air
80 mm
Cool air air ow (suction).
Size HI Size JI
Fig. 73: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive Fig. 76: Air routing for Active Interface Modules: Fig. 77: Active Interface Module: sizes HI and JI
assembly with external air cooling sizes HI and JI
52 53

Special features when cooling drive components Free spaces Sinamics Chassis
4.2 Free spaces Sinamics Booksize 4.3 Free spaces Sinamics Chassis
The devices Sinamics S120 chassis are force-cooled using installed fans. Air short-
circuits must be prevented by means of suitable shielding.
80 mm
surface
250 mm
80 mm
Exhaust air Mounting

surface Exhaust air
Ventilation
clearances
Cool air
Cool air
80 mm
Cool air
150 mm
Fan
50 mm
Size FI Size GI
Fig. 71: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive Fig. 72: Ventilation clearances for 300 mm Fig. 74: Air routing for Active Interface Module: Fig. 75: Active Interface Module: sizes FI and GI
assembly with internal air cooling modules sizes FI and GI
250 mm
!
surface Note:
80 mm If the components are
Exhaust air
Exhaust air
mounted in a sealed enclos-
ure, then an extra fan
must be mounted to pre-
vent hot spots, with the fan
providing air ow. It is
advantageous to place the
fan above the modules in Cool air
order to achieve effective
Cool air
80 mm
Cool air air ow (suction).
Size HI Size JI
Fig. 73: Ventilation clearances Booksize drive Fig. 76: Air routing for Active Interface Modules: Fig. 77: Active Interface Module: sizes HI and JI
assembly with external air cooling sizes HI and JI
52 53

Special features when cooling drive components External heat dissipation
4.4 External heat dissipation

When dissipating the heat generated by a power module using external heat dissipa-
tion it must be ensured that ventilation clearances above and below the plug-in heat
250 mm
sinks specified in the customer documentation are complied with and that the air
Exhaust air
inlet for the external heat sinks is not from a highly contaminated processing zone,
Exhaust air since the service life of the integrated fan can be substantially reduced and cooling
ducts can get blocked by cooling lubricants. If cool air is available only as air from a
highly contaminated processing zone, then the external heat sinks must be provided
with splash protection. The heat sinks and fans must be checked at regular intervals
for contamination.
Cool air
The additional, but reduced, power loss and heat generated in the enclosure must
be dissipated with the help of forced convection – using enclosure internal fans or
150 mm
fan-and-filter units – or cooling units.
Size FX Size GX
Correct Incorrect
Fig. 78: Air routing for Active Line Modules: Fig. 79: Active Line Module: motor modules, Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure
motor modules, sizes FX and GX sizes FX and GX Inside Outside Inside Outside
t t
an an
ric ric
lub g lub
ol ing o lin
Co Co
250 mm
Exhaust air
Splash protection
Fig. 82: External heat dissipation with splash protection

Cool air
150 mm
Size HX Size JX
Fig. 80: Air routing for Active Line Modules: Fig. 81: Active Line Module: motor modules,
motor modules, sizes HX and JX sizes HX and JX
54 55

Special features when cooling drive components External heat dissipation
4.4 External heat dissipation

When dissipating the heat generated by a power module using external heat dissipa-
tion it must be ensured that ventilation clearances above and below the plug-in heat
250 mm
sinks specified in the customer documentation are complied with and that the air
Exhaust air
inlet for the external heat sinks is not from a highly contaminated processing zone,
Exhaust air since the service life of the integrated fan can be substantially reduced and cooling
ducts can get blocked by cooling lubricants. If cool air is available only as air from a
highly contaminated processing zone, then the external heat sinks must be provided
with splash protection. The heat sinks and fans must be checked at regular intervals
for contamination.
Cool air
The additional, but reduced, power loss and heat generated in the enclosure must
be dissipated with the help of forced convection – using enclosure internal fans or
150 mm
fan-and-filter units – or cooling units.
Size FX Size GX
Correct Incorrect
Fig. 78: Air routing for Active Line Modules: Fig. 79: Active Line Module: motor modules, Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure Enclosure
motor modules, sizes FX and GX sizes FX and GX Inside Outside Inside Outside
t t
an an
ric ric
lub g lub
ol ing o lin
Co Co
250 mm
Exhaust air
Splash protection
Fig. 82: External heat dissipation with splash protection

Cool air
150 mm
Size HX Size JX
Fig. 80: Air routing for Active Line Modules: Fig. 81: Active Line Module: motor modules,
motor modules, sizes HX and JX sizes HX and JX
54 55

The most important issues for enclosure climate control
5.0 The most important issues for enclosure

climate control
• The entire heat loss of the components installed in the enclosure may not exceed the specific use-
ful cooling output of the cooling unit (according to the cooling units characteristic).
• The location at which a cooling unit is installed should be as free of contamination as possible.
• The enclosure must be sealed in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.
• The lowest temperature within the enclosure is not the best. The preset value (35°C) is a fair
compromise between service life and formation of condensate.
• The use of door operated switches prevents cooling operation when the doors are open, and thus
excessive formation of condensate.
• The distance between the cooling units from one another or the wall should be at least 200 mm.
This page
intentionally • Cooling units must be fitted with filter mats if the ambient air is contaminated with dirt or dust
particles. Metallic filter mats must be provided in the case of oily air. As an alternative, it is recom-
left blank. mended to use cooling units with a dirt-repellent nano-coating of the condenser membranes.
As a rule, such units can even be operated in highly contaminated ambient air environments with-
out filter equipment.
• Filter mats must be cleaned and/or replaced regularly.
• Discharge the condensate positively. For this purpose, the instructions provided in the operating
manual of the respective cooling unit must be complied with.
• Provide clearances above and below the components.
• In order to avoid hot spots, adequate air circulation of the active components must be ensured in
the enclosure.
• Provide sufficient depots in the enclosure for storing documents.
• Ventilate the components with air flow from the bottom to the top.
• Do not direct cold air straight at active components.
• Please pay attention to the flow direction in the case of components having their own ventilation
(fan or axial fan).
57

The most important issues for enclosure climate control
5.0 The most important issues for enclosure

climate control
• The entire heat loss of the components installed in the enclosure may not exceed the specific use-
ful cooling output of the cooling unit (according to the cooling units characteristic).
• The location at which a cooling unit is installed should be as free of contamination as possible.
• The enclosure must be sealed in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.
• The lowest temperature within the enclosure is not the best. The preset value (35°C) is a fair
compromise between service life and formation of condensate.
• The use of door operated switches prevents cooling operation when the doors are open, and thus
excessive formation of condensate.
• The distance between the cooling units from one another or the wall should be at least 200 mm.
• Cooling units must be fitted with filter mats if the ambient air is contaminated with dirt or dust
particles. Metallic filter mats must be provided in the case of oily air. As an alternative, it is recom-
mended to use cooling units with a dirt-repellent nano-coating of the condenser membranes.
As a rule, such units can even be operated in highly contaminated ambient air environments with-
out filter equipment.
• Filter mats must be cleaned and/or replaced regularly.
• Discharge the condensate positively. For this purpose, the instructions provided in the operating
manual of the respective cooling unit must be complied with.
• Provide clearances above and below the components.
• In order to avoid hot spots, adequate air circulation of the active components must be ensured in
the enclosure.
• Provide sufficient depots in the enclosure for storing documents.
• Ventilate the components with air flow from the bottom to the top.
• Do not direct cold air straight at active components.
• Please pay attention to the flow direction in the case of components having their own ventilation
(fan or axial fan).
57

Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures
6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling

enclosures
Power loss to be Ambient Air quality

dissipated temperature
in kW in °C
ΔT = 10 K
< 1.5 > 1.5 20-55 20-70 > 70 dust-free dusty oily aggressive
Fan-and-filter units • (•) • • •
Filter mat
• • • •
(chopped fibre mat)
Fine filter mat

• • • •
Air/air heat exchanger • • • •

This page
Air/water heat exchanger
intentionally
left blank. Standard • • • • • • • • •
Stainless steel variant • • • • • • • • •
Cooling unit
in standard design
• • • •
(without filter)
in chemical design • • • •
with filter mat

(open-celled polyurethane • • • •
foamed plastic)
with metallic filter • • • • • •
with nano-coating of
• • • • • •
the condenser membranes
Table 2: Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures (•): in an individual case
(Extract from the product range of RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG)
59

Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures
6.0 Range of applications of equipment for cooling

enclosures
Power loss to be Ambient Air quality

dissipated temperature
in kW in °C
ΔT = 10 K
< 1.5 > 1.5 20-55 20-70 > 70 dust-free dusty oily aggressive
Fan-and-filter units • (•) • • •
Filter mat
• • • •
Fine filter mat

• • • •
Air/air heat exchanger • • • •
Air/water heat exchanger
Standard • • • • • • • • •
Stainless steel variant • • • • • • • • •
Cooling unit
in standard design
• • • •
(without filter)
in chemical design • • • •
with filter mat

(open-celled polyurethane • • • •
foamed plastic)
with metallic filter • • • • • •
with nano-coating of
• • • • • •
the condenser membranes
Table 2: Range of applications of equipment for cooling enclosures (•): in an individual case
(Extract from the product range of RITTAL GmbH & Co. KG)
59

Appendix
7.0 Appendix
7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control
O.K. Not O.K.
1. Air-conditioning calculations carried out. R R

2. Conditions on-site at the end customer taken into account – temperature, R R
quality of air, water.
3. The power loss of the components installed in the enclosure does not R R
exceed the specific cooling power of the cooling unit.
4. Clearances above and below the components taken into consideration in R R

accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
5. Components are ventilated with cool air in accordance with their installation;
This page in case of components having their own ventilation, the flow direction in the R R
intentionally enclosure has been checked for correctness.
left blank.
6. Vent grills of the components are free from obstructions, including cables. R R
7. Cold air current is not directed straight onto active components. R R
8. The inner temperature of the enclosure matches the factory setting (+35°C). R R
In case of changes in the set point, clearance has been obtained from the elec-
trical planning department.
9. The enclosure is sealed on all sides (at least IP 54), especially in the region of R R
cable entries, in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.
10. Door operated switches have been installed in order to prevent increased R R
formation of condensate.
11. Secure condensate discharge mechanism installed in accordance with the

operating manual. R R
(Devices with integrated condensate evaporation, ext. condensate evaporation or
condensate collecting bottle; Model No.: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)
12. The correct filter medium has been used depending on the environmental
conditions. R R
(Information regarding the required filter medium: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)
Company/Stamp Date/Signature
61

Appendix
7.0 Appendix
7.1 Checklist for enclosure climate control
O.K. Not O.K.
1. Air-conditioning calculations carried out. R R

2. Conditions on-site at the end customer taken into account – temperature, R R
quality of air, water.
3. The power loss of the components installed in the enclosure does not R R
exceed the specific cooling power of the cooling unit.
4. Clearances above and below the components taken into consideration in R R

accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
5. Components are ventilated with cool air in accordance with their installation;
in case of components having their own ventilation, the flow direction in the R R
enclosure has been checked for correctness.
6. Vent grills of the components are free from obstructions, including cables. R R
7. Cold air current is not directed straight onto active components. R R
8. The inner temperature of the enclosure matches the factory setting (+35°C). R R
In case of changes in the set point, clearance has been obtained from the elec-
trical planning department.
9. The enclosure is sealed on all sides (at least IP 54), especially in the region of R R
cable entries, in order to prevent the ingress of ambient air.
10. Door operated switches have been installed in order to prevent increased R R
formation of condensate.
11. Secure condensate discharge mechanism installed in accordance with the

operating manual. R R
(Devices with integrated condensate evaporation, ext. condensate evaporation or
condensate collecting bottle; Model No.: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)
12. The correct filter medium has been used depending on the environmental
conditions. R R
(Information regarding the required filter medium: refer to the manufacturer’s catalogue)
Company/Stamp Date/Signature
61

Appendix Project planning tools for designing enclosures
7.2 Minimum specications for calculations pertaining to enclosure 7.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data
climate control pertaining to enclosure climate control
1. Enclosure dimensions (W x H x D) 1. Obtaining calculation data for Rittal Therm on the basis of the enclosure
2. Installation site layout
3. Installation type (wall-mounting or floor-mounting) • Enclosure item selected
4. Maximum ambient temperature • Total power loss in the enclosure
5. Maximum enclosure internal temperature 2. Collision check taking installation conditions into account as per the manu-
6. Total power loss facturer’s specifications (including minimum distances)
3. Optimal arrangement of operating devices and accessories in the enclosure
4. Production data for processing of flat parts and wires directly from the en-
closure layout
62 63

Appendix Project planning tools for designing enclosures
7.2 Minimum specications for calculations pertaining to enclosure 7.3 Project planning tools for designing enclosures and calculating data
climate control pertaining to enclosure climate control
1. Enclosure dimensions (W x H x D) 1. Obtaining calculation data for Rittal Therm on the basis of the enclosure
2. Installation site layout
3. Installation type (wall-mounting or floor-mounting) • Enclosure item selected
4. Maximum ambient temperature • Total power loss in the enclosure
5. Maximum enclosure internal temperature 2. Collision check taking installation conditions into account as per the manu-
6. Total power loss facturer’s specifications (including minimum distances)
3. Optimal arrangement of operating devices and accessories in the enclosure
4. Production data for processing of flat parts and wires directly from the en-
closure layout
62 63

Appendix Example of dimensioning a climate control component
7.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component Enclosure installation type to DIN 0660, Part 500 Formula for calculating the effective sur-
face area of an enclosure
The effective cooling power required for cooling an enclosure can be calculated Single enclosure, free-standing on all sides A (m2) = 1.8 x H x (W + D) + 1.4 x W x D
using the equation (1): Single enclosure for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x W x (H + D) + 1.8 x D x H
. . . First or last enclosure in a suite — free-standing A (m2) = 1.4 x D x (H + W) + 1.8 x W x H
Qe = Qv – Qs (1)
First or last enclosure in a suite for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x H x (W + D) + 1.4 x W x D
with Enclosure within a suite — free-standing A (m2) = 1.8 x W x H + 1.4 x W x D + D x H

. Enclosure within a suite for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x W x (H + D) + D x H
Qs = k × A × (Ti – Tu) (2) Enclosure within a suite for wall-mounting —
A (m2) = 1.4 x W x H + 0.7 x W x D + D x H
. with covered roof surface
Qe = Required cooling output
Gives the required cooling output of a climate control component in watts. Table 3: Enclosure installation according to VDE 0660, Part 500
.
QV = Heat loss
The heat loss describes the heat generated by the components installed in the
Example:
enclosure.
.
Qs = Heat emitted by the enclosure surface An enclosure mounted on a wall in the hall and made of sheet steel is 1.20 m wide,
Thermal output in watts, which is discharged or absorbed over the enclosure sur- 2.00 m high and 0.60 m deep. The installed heat loss is 1000 W. The maximum am-
face. If the internal temperature of the enclosure is higher than bient temperature is 40°C; the temperature in the enclosure may not exceed 35°C.
. the ambient tem-
perature (Ti > Tu), then heat is radiated from the enclosure (Qs > 0). If the ambient .
The heat emitted by the enclosure surface Qs is calculated using equation 2:
temperature is higher than the enclosure internal temperature
. (Ti < Tu), then heat is
.
transferred from the environment to the enclosure (Qs < 0). Qs = k × A × (Ti – Tu)
k = Heat transfer coefficient For sheet steel the heat transfer coefficient k = 5.5 W/m2K.
The heat transfer coefficient describes the power in watts per square metre of
surface dissipated or absorbed per degree of temperature difference. In still air the The effective heat loss-dissipating enclosure surface area according to DIN
heat transfer coefficient for sheet steel is 5.5 W/m2K and for double-walled alumin- VDE 0660 Part 500 (Table 3) is:
ium-zinc enclosures it is 2.5 W/m2K. A = 1.4 × W × (H + D) + 1.8 × D × H
Ti = Desired internal temperature in the enclosure Using the enclosure dimensions mentioned gives:
The desired internal temperature in the enclosure is obtained from the specification of
the components used in the enclosure (recommended value from experience: 35°C). A = 1.4 × 1.2 m × (2.0 m + 0.6 m ) + 1.8 × 0.6 m × 2.0 m = 6.528 m2
.
Tu = Maximum ambient temperature of the enclosure The emitted heat Qs is thus calculated as:
.
A = Effective heat loss-dissipating enclosure surface according to Qs = k × A × (Ti – Tu) = 5.5 W/m2K × 6.528 m2 × (– 5 K) = –179.52 W
DIN 0660, Part 500
Effective enclosure surface area is the total enclosure surface area taking the heat
dissipation depending on the on-site location into account.
64 65

Appendix Example of dimensioning a climate control component
7.4 Example of dimensioning a climate control component Enclosure installation type to DIN 0660, Part 500 Formula for calculating the effective sur-
face area of an enclosure
The effective cooling power required for cooling an enclosure can be calculated Single enclosure, free-standing on all sides A (m2) = 1.8 x H x (W + D) + 1.4 x W x D
using the equation (1): Single enclosure for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x W x (H + D) + 1.8 x D x H
. . . First or last enclosure in a suite — free-standing A (m2) = 1.4 x D x (H + W) + 1.8 x W x H
Qe = Qv – Qs (1)
First or last enclosure in a suite for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x H x (W + D) + 1.4 x W x D
with Enclosure within a suite — free-standing A (m2) = 1.8 x W x H + 1.4 x W x D + D x H

. Enclosure within a suite for wall-mounting A (m2) = 1.4 x W x (H + D) + D x H
Qs = k × A × (Ti – Tu) (2) Enclosure within a suite for wall-mounting —
A (m2) = 1.4 x W x H + 0.7 x W x D + D x H
. with covered roof surface
Qe = Required cooling output
Gives the required cooling output of a climate control component in watts. Table 3: Enclosure installation according to VDE 0660, Part 500
.
QV = Heat loss
The heat loss describes the heat generated by the components installed in the
Example:
enclosure.
.
Qs = Heat emitted by the enclosure surface An enclosure mounted on a wall in the hall and made of sheet steel is 1.20 m wide,
Thermal output in watts, which is discharged or absorbed over the enclosure sur- 2.00 m high and 0.60 m deep. The installed heat loss is 1000 W. The maximum am-
face. If the internal temperature of the enclosure is higher than bient temperature is 40°C; the temperature in the enclosure may not exceed 35°C.
. the ambient tem-
perature (Ti > Tu), then heat is radiated from the enclosure (Qs > 0). If the ambient .
The heat emitted by the enclosure surface Qs is calculated using equation 2:
temperature is higher than the enclosure internal temperature
. (Ti < Tu), then heat is
.
transferred from the environment to the enclosure (Qs < 0). Qs = k × A × (Ti – Tu)
k = Heat transfer coefficient For sheet steel the heat transfer coefficient k = 5.5 W/m2K.
The heat transfer coefficient describes the power in watts per square metre of
surface dissipated or absorbed per degree of temperature difference. In still air the The effective heat loss-dissipating enclosure surface area according to DIN
heat transfer coefficient for sheet steel is 5.5 W/m2K and for double-walled alumin- VDE 0660 Part 500 (Table 3) is:
ium-zinc enclosures it is 2.5 W/m2K. A = 1.4 × W × (H + D) + 1.8 × D × H
Ti = Desired internal temperature in the enclosure Using the enclosure dimensions mentioned gives:
The desired internal temperature in the enclosure is obtained from the specification of
the components used in the enclosure (recommended value from experience: 35°C). A = 1.4 × 1.2 m × (2.0 m + 0.6 m ) + 1.8 × 0.6 m × 2.0 m = 6.528 m2
.
Tu = Maximum ambient temperature of the enclosure The emitted heat Qs is thus calculated as:
.
A = Effective heat loss-dissipating enclosure surface according to Qs = k × A × (Ti – Tu) = 5.5 W/m2K × 6.528 m2 × (– 5 K) = –179.52 W
DIN 0660, Part 500
Effective enclosure surface area is the total enclosure surface area taking the heat
dissipation depending on the on-site location into account.
64 65

Appendix Instructions for EMC
Emitted heat is negative in this case, that is, heat is transferred from the warmer 7.5 Instructions for EMC
ambient air via the enclosure upper surface into the enclosure. It must be dissipated Metallic enclosures of inverters and network filters must be connected with low
by the cooling unit in addition to the installed heat loss.The cooling output required resistance to the earth of the enclosure and this, in turn, must be connected with low
is, thus, greater than the heat loss: resistance to the motors and/or machine for high-frequency interference currents.
. . . Ideally, the modules must be mounted on a common, galvanised mounting plate for
Qe = Qv – Qs = 1000 W – (–179.52 W) = 1179.52 W this purpose and connected to it in a conductive manner and over a large surface
area. The mounting wall must, in turn, be connected to the motor and/or machine in
a conductive manner and over a large surface area. Painted enclosure walls as well as
Ambient temperature Heat
. emitted Required
. cooling output top-hat rails or similar mounting accessories with small surface areas do not fulfil this
Tu in °C Qs in watts Qs in watts
requirement. The network filter must be placed in the same enclosure field in the
30 +179.52 820.48 vicinity of the power supply modules whereby the shielded connecting wire from the
35 0 1000.00 network filter to the power supply module should be kept as short as possible. The
40 –179.52 1179.52 cables from and to the network filter must be laid separately from one another.
45 –359.04 1359.04 Shields must be laid on a large surface area on both sides. Examples of proper
50 –538.56 1538.56 shielding arrangements:
Table 4: The required cooling output for an enclosure having the dimensions 1.20 x 2.00 x 0.60 m
(W x H x D) with 1000 W of installed heat loss and desired internal enclosure temperature of
Ti = 35°C for wall-mounting.
Comb rail Cable ties
Connect the comb rails

in a well conducting manner
on both sides and over Intermediate
a large area with the terminals
enclosure housing!
Fig. 83: Shielding arrangement Fig. 84: Comb rail
66 67

Appendix Instructions for EMC
Emitted heat is negative in this case, that is, heat is transferred from the warmer 7.5 Instructions for EMC
ambient air via the enclosure upper surface into the enclosure. It must be dissipated Metallic enclosures of inverters and network filters must be connected with low
by the cooling unit in addition to the installed heat loss.The cooling output required resistance to the earth of the enclosure and this, in turn, must be connected with low
is, thus, greater than the heat loss: resistance to the motors and/or machine for high-frequency interference currents.
. . . Ideally, the modules must be mounted on a common, galvanised mounting plate for
Qe = Qv – Qs = 1000 W – (–179.52 W) = 1179.52 W this purpose and connected to it in a conductive manner and over a large surface
area. The mounting wall must, in turn, be connected to the motor and/or machine in
a conductive manner and over a large surface area. Painted enclosure walls as well as
Ambient temperature Heat
. emitted Required
. cooling output top-hat rails or similar mounting accessories with small surface areas do not fulfil this
Tu in °C Qs in watts Qs in watts
requirement. The network filter must be placed in the same enclosure field in the
30 +179.52 820.48 vicinity of the power supply modules whereby the shielded connecting wire from the
35 0 1000.00 network filter to the power supply module should be kept as short as possible. The
40 –179.52 1179.52 cables from and to the network filter must be laid separately from one another.
45 –359.04 1359.04 Shields must be laid on a large surface area on both sides. Examples of proper
50 –538.56 1538.56 shielding arrangements:
Table 4: The required cooling output for an enclosure having the dimensions 1.20 x 2.00 x 0.60 m
(W x H x D) with 1000 W of installed heat loss and desired internal enclosure temperature of
Ti = 35°C for wall-mounting.
Comb rail Cable ties
Connect the comb rails

in a well conducting manner
on both sides and over Intermediate
a large area with the terminals
enclosure housing!
Fig. 83: Shielding arrangement Fig. 84: Comb rail
66 67

Appendix Table of gures
7.6 Information references on the subject of heat dissipation in enclosures 7.7 Table of gures
Nos. 3, 4, 33, 36, 70 – 85, Siemens AG;
all others Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, Herborn
Bliesner, Jürgen: Wichtige Installationshinweise beim Schaltschrankaufbau,
Siemens AG, 2007, Bestell-Nr. 6235401-0AA58-0AA0
(Important installation instructions for enclosure design,
Siemens AG, 2007, Order no. 6235401-0AA58-0AA0)
Rittal GmbH & Co. KG: Praxis-Tips zur Schaltschrank-Klimatisierung und Maschi-
nenkühlung, 2004, Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
(Practical tips from Rittal – Enclosure climate control and
machine cooling, 2004, Rittal GmbH & Co. KG)
Rittal GmbH & Co. KG: Rittal SK – System-Klimatisierung, 2006,

Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
(Rittal SK – System climate control, 2006,
Rittal GmbH & Co. KG)
Siemens AG: Schaltschrankintegration, SINAMICS S120 Booksize/

SIMODRIVE – Systemhandbuch 09/2007, Siemens AG, 2007
(Enclosure integration, SINAMICS S120 Booksize/
SIMODRIVE – System manual 09/2007, Siemens AG, 2007)
Styppa, Heinrich: Klimatisierung für Gehäuse, Maschinen und Anlagen –

Grundlagen, Komponenten, Anwendungen. Die Bibliothek
der Technik, Bd. 284, sv corporate media, 2005.
(Air-conditioning for enclosures, machines and plants –
Fundamentals, Components, Applications. Die Bibliothek
der Technik, Bd. 284, sv corporate media, 2005.)
68 69

Appendix Table of gures
7.6 Information references on the subject of heat dissipation in enclosures 7.7 Table of gures
Nos. 3, 4, 33, 36, 70 – 85, Siemens AG;
all others Rittal GmbH & Co. KG, Herborn
Bliesner, Jürgen: Wichtige Installationshinweise beim Schaltschrankaufbau,
Siemens AG, 2007, Bestell-Nr. 6235401-0AA58-0AA0
(Important installation instructions for enclosure design,
Siemens AG, 2007, Order no. 6235401-0AA58-0AA0)
Rittal GmbH & Co. KG: Praxis-Tips zur Schaltschrank-Klimatisierung und Maschi-
nenkühlung, 2004, Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
(Practical tips from Rittal – Enclosure climate control and
machine cooling, 2004, Rittal GmbH & Co. KG)
Rittal GmbH & Co. KG: Rittal SK – System-Klimatisierung, 2006,

Rittal GmbH & Co. KG
(Rittal SK – System climate control, 2006,
Rittal GmbH & Co. KG)
Siemens AG: Schaltschrankintegration, SINAMICS S120 Booksize/

SIMODRIVE – Systemhandbuch 09/2007, Siemens AG, 2007
(Enclosure integration, SINAMICS S120 Booksize/
SIMODRIVE – System manual 09/2007, Siemens AG, 2007)
Styppa, Heinrich: Klimatisierung für Gehäuse, Maschinen und Anlagen –

Grundlagen, Komponenten, Anwendungen. Die Bibliothek
der Technik, Bd. 284, sv corporate media, 2005.
(Air-conditioning for enclosures, machines and plants –
Fundamentals, Components, Applications. Die Bibliothek
der Technik, Bd. 284, sv corporate media, 2005.)
68 69

70
7.8 Notes
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 70-71
Appendix
Notes
Notes
71
19.05.2009 11:50:00 Uhr

70
7.8 Notes
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 70-71
Appendix
Notes
Notes
71
19.05.2009 11:50:00 Uhr

72
Notes
+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 72
Appendix
19.05.2009 11:50:00 Uhr

+Rittal_04US_englisch.indd 1
ISBN 978-3-937889-86-3
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www.sv-onpact.de
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Mechanical

Project Planning Manual:

The following authors have contributed to this book:

Ahrent, Kai – SIEMENS AG

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 1 19.05.2009 11:48:41 Uhr

Bibliographical information of the German library Preface 5

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 2-3 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

Bibliographical information of the German library Preface 5

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 2-3 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

For the future of our children!

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 4-Abs2:5 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

For the future of our children!

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 4-Abs2:5 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:6-Abs2:7 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:6-Abs2:7 19.05.2009 11:48:42 Uhr

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the

• Free spaces for ventilation above and below the components

Motor Module (3–18 A)

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:8-Abs2:9 19.05.2009 11:48:43 Uhr

2.0 Arrangement of components inside the enclosure

2.1 Arrangement of heat-dissipating devices and equipment using the

• Free spaces for ventilation above and below the components

Motor Module (3–18 A)

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:8-Abs2:9 19.05.2009 11:48:43 Uhr

Arrangement of components inside the enclosure Enclosure heat dissipation

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:10-11 19.05.2009 11:48:43 Uhr

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd Abs2:10-11 19.05.2009 11:48:43 Uhr

Fig. 8: A minimum distance of 200 mm to walls must be ensured.

Fig. 7: The external air circulation for cooling units

Fig. 9: Minimum distance not complied with

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 12-13 19.05.2009 11:48:45 Uhr

Fig. 8: A minimum distance of 200 mm to walls must be ensured.

Fig. 7: The external air circulation for cooling units

Fig. 9: Minimum distance not complied with

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Enclosure heat dissipation Sealing of the enclosure

3.1.2 Internal air circulation 3.2 Sealing of the enclosure

IP 6X Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a IP X6 Protected against Water splashed on the

IP X7 Protected against the Water must not ingress to

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 14-15 19.05.2009 11:48:47 Uhr

3.1.2 Internal air circulation 3.2 Sealing of the enclosure

IP 6X Dust-tight No ingress of dust at a IP X6 Protected against Water splashed on the

IP X7 Protected against the Water must not ingress to

+Rittal_Umbruch_englisch.indd 14-15 19.05.2009 11:48:47 Uhr

Enclosure heat dissipation Climate control in the enclosure

3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air

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3.3.1 Inlet and distribution of cold air

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Enclosure heat dissipation Climate control in the enclosure

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Enclosure heat dissipation Climate control in the enclosure

Hot air inlet Cool air flowing from

Cold air outlet

Inverter group Inverter group

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