CASE STUDY 3: DID RIZAL RETRACT?

 JOSE RIZAL- IDEINTIFIED AS A HEROOF THE REVOLUTION FOR HIS WRITINGS THAT CENTER ON ENDING COLONIALISM AND
LIBERATING FILIPINO MINDS TO CONTRIBUTE TO CREATING THE FILIPINO NATION.

2 GREAT NOVELS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

1. NOLI ME TANGERE – DEDICATED HIS WORK TO HIS FATHERLAND

2. EL FILIBUSTERISMO- DEDICATED HIS WORK TO THE GOMBURZA (MARIANO GOMEZ, JOSE BURGOS & JACINTO ZAMORA)

PRIMARY SOURCE: RIZAL RETRACTION

 TRANSLATED FROM THE DOCUMENT FOUND BY FR. MANUEL GARCIA.

 SECULARIZATION (GUSTO NG MGA PILIPINO NA MAGKAROON NG PAROKYA)

 REBELLING AGAINST CATHOLIC CHURCH (HERETICS)

4 ITERATIONS OF THE TEXTS OF THIS RETRACTION

 FIRST WAS PUBLISHED IN LA VOZ ESPANOLA AND DIARIO DE MANILA ON THE DAY OF THE EXECUTION OF RIZAL ON DECEMBER
30,1896.
 THE SECOND TEXT APPEARED IN BARCELONA, SPAIN. IN THE MAGAZINE LA JUVENTUD A FEW MONTHS LATER AFTER THE EXECUTION,
FEBRUARY 14 1897, FROM ANONYMOUS WRITER WHO WAS REVEALED TO BE FR. VICENTE BALAGUER.

THE BALANGUER TESTIMONY

 DOUBTS ON RETRACTION DOCUMENT ABOUND

 ONLY 1 WITNESS ACCOUNT OF WRITING OF THE DOCUMENT EXIST-THAT OF THE JESUIT FRIAR FR. VICENTE BALAGUER.
 THE ACCOUNT THAT RIZAL EVER WROTE A RETRACTION DOCUMENT, IT HAS BEEN USED TO ARGUE THE AUTHENTICITY OF THE
DOCUMENT.

THE TESTIMONY OF CUERPO DE VIGILANCIA

 ANOTHER EYEWITNESS CCOUNT SURFACED IN 2016, THROUGH THE RESEARCH OF PROFESSOR RENE R. ESCALANTE.
 IN HIS RESEARCH, DOCUMENTS OF THE CUERPO DE VIGILANCIA INCLUDED A REPORT ON THE LAST HOURS OF RIZAL, WRITTEN BY
FEDERICO MORENO.

PRIMARY SOURCE: EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF THE LAST HOURS OF RIZAL.

SOURCE: MICHAEL CHARLESTON CHUA

 JOSE RIZAL ENTERED DEATH ROW ACCOMPANIED BY HIS COUNSEL, SEÑOR TAVIEL DE ANDRADE, AND THE JESUIT PRIEST
VILACLARA.
 APPROXIMATELY 9, THE ASSISTANT OF THE PLAZA SEÑOR MAURE, AS RIZAL IF HE WANTED ANYTHING. RIZAL REPLIED THAT
HE NEEDED A PRAYER BOOK, WHICH WAS BROUGHT SHORTLY BY FATHER MARCH.
 THE CHIEF OF THE FIRING SQUAD, SEÑOR DEL FRESNO.
 THE WOMAN WHO HAD BEEN HIS LOVER (JOSEPHINE BRACKEN) WERE PERFORMED AT THE POINT OF DEATH (IN ARTICULO
MORTIS)
 NOWHERE IN THE ACCOUNT WAS FR. BALAGUER MENTIONED, WHICH MAKES THE FRIAR A MERE SECONDARY SOURCE TO
THE WRITING OF THE DOCUMENT.

RIZAL’S CONNECTION TO THE KATIPUNAN

 LA LIGA FILIPINA, ANORGANIZATION RIZAL FOUNDED WITH ANDRES BONIFACIO AS ONE OF ITS MEMBER.
 BUT LA LIGA FILIPINA WAS SHORT-LIVED AS THE SPANIARDS EXILED RIZAL TO DAPITAN.
 FORMER MEMBERS DECIDED TO BAND TOGETHER TO ESTABLISH THE KATIPUNAN A FEW DAYS AFTER RIZAL’S EXILE ON JULY 7, 1892.
 OUT OF 28 MEMBERS OF THE LEADERSHIPOF THE KATIPUNAN (KNOWN AS THE KATAAS-TAASANG SANGGUNIAN NG KATIPUNAN).
 THEY USED RIZAL’S NAME AS APASSWORD
 THEY SENT PIO VALENZUELA TO VISIT RIZAL.
 VALENZUELA’S ACCOUNTS OF HIS MEETING WITH RIZAL HAVE BEEN GREATLY DOUBTED BY MANY SCHOLARS, BUT ACCORDING TO HI,
RIZAL OBJECTED TO THE PLANS, SAYING THAT DOING SO WOULD BE TANTAMOUNT TO SUICIDE .
 KATIPUNAN SHOULD FIRST SECURE THE SUPPORT OF WEALTHY FILIPINOS TO STRENGTHEN THER CAUSE, AND SUGGESTED THAT
ANTONIO LUNA BE RECRUITED TO DIRECT THE MILITARY MOVEMENT OF THE REVOLUTION.

CASE STUDY 4: WHERE DID THE CRY OF REBELLION HAPPEN?

 AUGUST 26-CELEBRATED THE CRY OF BALINTAWAK.
 TEODORO AGONCILLO EMPHASIZES THE EVENT WHEN BONIFACIO TORE THE CEDULA OR TAX RECEIPT.

DIFFERENT DATES & PLACES OF THE CRY

 ACCORDING TO LT. OLEGARIO DIAZ – HAPPENED IN BALINTAWAK (MONUMENTO NI BONIFACIO) ON AUGUST 25, 1896.
 TEODORO KALAW (FILIPINO HISTORIAN & NAGTESTIMONY)- HAPPENED IN KANGKONG BALINTAWAK (LAST WEEK OF AUGUST 1896)
 SANTIAGO ALVAREZ (KATIPUNERO)- SON OF MARIANO ALVAREZ
- LEADER OF MAGDIWANG FACTION
- CRY IN BAHAY TORO IN QUEZON CITY ON AUGUS 24, 1896.
 PIO VALENZUELA- INUTUSAN NI ANDRES BONIFACIO KAY JOSE RIZAL KUNG DAPAT BANG MAG-ALSA.
- HE SAID THAT THE CRY HAPPENED IN PUGAD LAWIN ON AUGUST 23, 1896.
  GREGORIO ZAIDE (HISTORIAN)- CRY HAPPENED IN BALINTAWAK ON AUGUST 26,1896.
 TEODORO AGONCILLO- PUGAD LAWIN ON AUGUST 23, 1896 ACCORDING TO PIO VALENZUELA.

THE THREE HISTORIAN IN UP

1. MILAGROS GUERRERO
2. EMMANUEL ENCARNATION
3. RAMON VILLEGAS
- NANGYARI SA BAHAY NI TANDANG SORA’S BARN IN GULOD, BRGY BANLAT QUEZON CITY ON AUGUST 24,1896.

PRIMARY SOURCE: ACCOUNTS OF THE CRY

BY GUILLERMO MASANGKAY

- AUGUST 26- MEETING WAS HELD IN BALINTAWAK.

- NEED HUMINGI NG TULONG O AYUDA KAY ANTONIO LUNA.

EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE CNSTITUTION (CONSTITUTION OF THE PHILIPPINES)

- SUPREME LAW OR FUNDAMENTAL LAW

- IMPORTANTE ANG BATAS
- ORDINANSA
- PLEBECITO (TAONG BAYAN) (DIRECT VOTE) (REFERENDUM)
- PRES.DUTERTE (HINDI PA ENTILED) AMENDE OF THE CONSTITUTION.

1ST. 1987: CONSTITUTION OF BIAK-NA-BATO

- PROMULGATED DURING THE PHILIPINE REVOLUTIONARYGOVERNMENT UNDER EMILIO AGUINALDO.
- SIGNED ON NOV. 1,1897 UNDER THE P.R.G.
- WRITTEN BY ISABELO ARTACHO & FELIX FERRER
- PATTERN OR BORROWED FROM CUBA
- HEADED BY THE PRESIDENT EMILIO AGUINALDO

4 DEPARTMENT SECRETARIES
1. INTERIOR (DILG)
2. FOREIGN AFFAIRS (DFA)
3. TRASURY (DOF)
4. WAR (DND)

3 COUNCILS DURING C. B-N-B

1. SUPREME COUNCIL OF GRACE AND JUSTICE

- JUDICIARY OR JUDICIAL BRANCH
- CHIEF OF JUSTICE OF SUPREME CONCIL

2. THE SUPREME COUNCIL (PINAKAMATAAS)

- EXECUTIVE BRANCH
- HEADED BY THE PRESIDENT.

3. ASSEMBLY OF REPRESENTATIVES
- LEGISLATURE
 2 COMPOSITION OF LEGISLATURE
1. LOWER HOUSE (HOUSE SPEAKER)
2. UPPER HOUSE (HOUSE OF THE SENATE) VICENTE SOTTO (SENATE PRE.)

2ND. 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION

- THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY CALLED MOCK BATTLE BETWEEN SPAIN AND USA.
- AGREEMENT OF SPAIN AND USA IN THE TREATY OF PARIS ON DECEMBER 10, 1898.
- SPAIN SOLD PHILIPPINES TO AMERICA WORTH OF 20 MILLION DOLLARS
- JUNE 12, 1898 THE PROCLAMATION OF PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCY.
- GOLD, GLORY, POWER
- BENEVOLENT ASSIMILATION BY PRES.WILLIAM MCKINLEY.
- MAIN AUTHOR OF 1899 IS FELIPE CALDERON.

1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION PATTERN IN SPANISH CONSTITUTION OF 1812.

- INFLUENCES FROM CHARTERS
1. BELGIUM – COUNTRY IN EUROPE
2. MEXICO- COLONY OF SPAIN, C.A
3. BRAZIL- S.A
4. NICARAGUA- S.A
5. COSTA RICA- C.A
6. GUATAMELA-S. A
7. FRENCH CONSTITUTION OF 1793
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF THE 1899 CONSTITUTION

1. KARTILYA AT SANGGUNIANG HUKUMAN NG KATIPUNAN- CHARTERS OF LAWS AND MORALS OF KATIPUNAN (EMILIO JACINTO)
2. BIAK-NA-BATO CONSTITUTION 1897- PLANNED BY ISABELO ARTACHO
3. MABINI’S CONSTITUTIONAL PROGRAM OF THE PHILIPPINE REPUBLIC- MABINI IS KNOWN FOR THE BRAIN OF THE REVOLUTION.
4. PROVISIONAL CONSTITUTION OF MARIANO PONCE
5. SPANISH INSTITUTION- KUMUHA SINA ISABELO ARTACHO & FELIX FERRER
6. AUTONOMY PROJECT OF PEDRO PATERNO.

CONSTITUTION OF 1899

- PREAMBLE (PRO-LOG)
- COMPOSITION OF 27 ARTICLES
- BILL OF RIGHTS
- TERM OF OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL
- ADDITIONAL 4 YEARS WITHOUT RE ELECTION
- IMPEACHMENT
MGA PWEDENG MAIMPEACH
1. PRESIDENT
2. CHIEF JUSTICE
3. CABINET
4. SOLICITOR GENERAL
JOSEPH ESTRADA (FIRST PRESIDENT NA NA-IMPEACH)
CHIEF JUSTICE – RENATO CORONA & LOURDERS SERENO

 1899 MALOLOS CONSTITUTION (CELEBRATED ON SEPT. 15)

- WAS NEVER ENFORCED BECAUSE OF TREATY OF PARIS ON DECEMBER 10, 1898.

1935 CONSTITUTION
- THE COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION
- MANUEL L. QUEZON
- FROM 1898 TO 1901 WOULD BE PLACED UNDER A MILITARY GOVERNMENT UNTIL A CIVIL GOVERNMENT.

 2 ACTS OF THE USA IN CONTROLING THE PHILIPPINES

1. PHILIPPINE ORGANIC ACT OF 1902 (1ST)
- BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE OR GOVERNMENT.
2 HOUSES
1ST – PHILIPPINE COMMISSION – UPPER HOUSE
2ND – PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY- LOWER HOUSE
2. INCLUSION OF BILL OF RIGHTS FOR THE FILIPINOS
3. APPOINMENT OF 2 NON VOTING FILIPINO COMMISIONER IN USA HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES (THE CANNOT VOTE)

2ND PHILIPPINE AUTONOMY ACT OF 1916

- JONES LAW
- REMOVAL OF PHILIPPINE COMMISSION AND TO BE REPLACED AS SENATE.

USA WILL GRANT INDEPENDENCE TO THE PHILIPPINE ONCE WE ARE STABLE TO GOVERN OR RUN THE GOVERNMENT BY THE
FILIPINOS.

LEGACY OF AMERICA/ ABOUT AMERICA

1. EDUCATION
2. DEMOCRACY
3. PROTESTANT RELIGION (PROTESTANISM)
4. 45 YEARS TAYONG MGA PILIPINO NASAKOP NG AMERICA.
- MAY HIDDEN AGENDA ANG USA
- PAG-INSTALL NG NAVAL BASES
1. SUBIC, NAVAL BASE IN OLONGAPO
2. CLAR, AIR BASE IN ANGELES CITY

SPAIN
1. CHRISTIANITY
2. 333 YRS NASAKOP

JAPAN
1. 5 YEARS (SOBRANG MALUPIT)
SUCCEDING ACTS

1) 1932: HARE-HAWES-CUTTING ACT

- PROMISE OF GRANTING FILIPINOS INDEPENDENCE.
- OPPOSED BY SENATE PRES. MANUELL. QUEZON AND REJECTED BY PHIL. SENATE.

2 FILIPINOS WHO LED THE MISSION IN US CONGRESS WORKING OUT FOR THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE
1. SERGIO OSMEÑA
2. MANUEL ROXAS

2.) 1934: TYDINGS-MCDUFFIE ACT

- ALSO KNOWN AS THE PHILIPPINE INDEPENDENCE ACT.

- SPANISH CORTES (HINDI INA-ALLOW ANG MGA PILIPINO SA LAHAT).

1935 COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION

 SERGIO OSMENA
 MANUEL ROXAS
- MERE PEOPLE / OBSERVER. THEY CANNOT VOTE

FRAMING CONSTITUTION
- ESTABLISHED THRU CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (THE 1935 COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION)
- CLARO M. RECTO (NANGUNA, PRESIDENTE)
- MISSION OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION IS TO FORMULATE A NEW CONSTITUTION TO GOVERN THE PHILIPPINES (1935-1946)

UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
- ONE HOUSE
- ONE LEGISLATIVE BODY (THE PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY)

BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
- TWO HOUSES
- UPPER HOUSE (HOUSE OF THE SENATE)
- LOWER HOUSE (HOUSE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE)

- 6 YEARS TERM OF PRESIDENCY WITHOUT RE-ELECTION

- TERM OF OFFICE- 4 YEARS (PRESEDENT & VICE PRESIDENT) WITH RE-ELECTION

- RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE (21 YEARS OLD PWEDE BUMOTO

COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION PATTERN

1. AMERICAN CONSTITUTION
2. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION
3. GERMAN CONSTITUTION
4. SPANISH CONSTITUTION
5. MEXICAN CONSTITUTION
6. ENGLISH CONSTITUTION

DRAFT WAS APPROVED BY CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION ON FEBRUARY 8, 1935 AND RATIFIED BY US. PRESIDENT BENJAMIN
FRANKLIN ON MARCH 25, 1935.
ELECTION ON SEPTEMBER 1935 AND MANUEL L. QUEZON WAS ELECTED PRES.OF COMMONWEALTH
NAGKAROON NG WORLD WAR II (BOMBAHIN NG JAPAN)
THE PHILIPPINE WAS DECLARED AN INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC ON JULY 4, 1946

FAREAST- JAPAN (PEARL HARBOR SA HAWAII) (ATOMIC BOMB)

EUROPE- ADOLF HITLER
PART NG EUROPE- BENITO MUSSOLINI

PRESIDENT JOSE P. LAUREL