NAME: TARIRO H J HAMADZIRIPI

REG NUMBER: H220074N

SCHOOL: INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

PROGRAM: FOOD PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY

COURSE: TECHNOPRENEURSHIP

What is technopreneurship?

The term technopreneurship is a fusion of two words, technology, and entrepreneurship. It is

a kind of entrepreneurship in the field of technology. It involves tech-savvy, creative,
innovative individuals who have a knack for taking a calculated risk, unlike entrepreneurship,
which can sometimes be a one-person show. The success of a technopreneur depends on how
well they can motivate a team of individuals.

 Food items are being processed for various reasons. Since times immemorial, grains have
been dried after harvest to increase their shelf life. Initially, foods were processed
primarily to improve digestibility, palatability and to ensure a continuous supply.
 With passage of time, improved transportation, communication and increasing
industrialization, the needs of consumers have become Food Processing And Technology
5 Chapter 2022-23 102Human Ecology and Family Sciences – Part 1 more diverse and
there is now increasing demand for ‘fresh’ and ‘organic’ foods, ‘safer and healthier’
foods and foods with adequate shelf life. Consumers expect better-quality foods with
retention of nutrients, many a time having specific functional properties and
taste/texture/consistency, while being shelf-stable and easy to package, store and
transport. This has served as a stimulus to scientists to develop methods and techniques to
process foods in a manner that the food products will meet the requirements and demands
of the consumers.

Food Processing: It is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into
finished and semi-finished products. Food processing requires good quality raw materials from
either plant and/or animal source to be converted into attractive, marketable and often long shelf-
life food products.

Food Technology: Technology is the science and application of scientific, as well as socio-
economic knowledge and legal rules for production. Food technology uses and exploits
knowledge of Food Science and Food Engineering to produce varied foods. Study of Food
Technology gives in-depth knowledge of science and technology, and develops skills for
selection, storage, preservation, processing, packaging, distribution of safe, nutritious,
wholesome, desirable as well as affordable, convenient foods. Another significant aspect of food
technology is to promote sustainability to avoid waste and save and utilise all the food produced
and ensure safe and sustainable processing practices.

Food manufacturing: It is the mass production of food products using principles of food
technology to meet the diverse needs of the growing population. Food manufacturing is one of
the largest manufacturing industries in the present times.

. Food technologists made efforts to provide both safer and fresher food using new techniques. In
the 21st century, food technologists are challenged to produce foods suitable for health and other
changing needs of consumers

Technopreneual opportunities include, fruit juice production, tomatoe processing plant,

Sunflower Oil Processing, Packaged Drinking Water Production

 fruit juice production

Fruit drinks are non-alcoholic beverages obtained by processing different kinds of fruit

according to precise standards to avoid fraud or misleading information during marketing (Gallo,
et al., 2019). They are usually divided into two broad categories (Food Buddies, 2018):

 Non-carbonated drinks include ready-to-consume products (smoothies, juices, and

nectars) and dilutable products (squash, cordial, concentrates).
 Carbonated drinks include fruit juice blends.
Frequently, fruit drinks production relies on purees, as they are the most cost-efficient and
versatile ingredients available. Producers can create juice blends, juice drinks, juice beverages,
nectars, and fruit punches, among others, from them (FAO, n.d.).Purees retain taste and nutrients
(such as vitamins and antioxidants) from fresh fruit, but are more efficiently handled in terms of
logistics (Dohler, n.d.). As a result, they are useful when introducing new, innovative flavors into
local or foreign markets.

Today, people are drinking less, but better quality juices and are willing to pay more for the
health benefits they associate with them. Therefore, the category of juices and especially those
with 100% fruit content has gained popularity among consumers across the world. Despite this,
there is a concern among the health-conscious consumers regarding the high sugar content of the
100% apple juice, which has been an impediment for the development of the market in the last
few years. However, people are also becoming more educated, thus understanding the difference
between added sugar and natural sugar, which makes them more positive as an overall.
Another emerging trend on the global juice market as a whole is the proliferation of cold pressed
juices. They became so popular, owing to the specific way of processing, which is known to
better preserve both the flavor of fruit juices and their micronutrients, including vitamins and
minerals. Furthermore, consumers are increasingly interested in homogeneous juices as most
Europeans prefer to drink juice that was made from a specific variety of a fruit.

To avoid any faceoff with the government, and to ensure standardization, the first thing to do
when starting natural fruit juice production business in Zimbabwe is to get registered first.
You must be licensed by the appropriate Governmental regulatory agencies before you begin
natural fruit juice production business in the country.
The Agencies will provide you with the necessary registration, licensing and all forms of
paperwork required to operate natural fruit juice production business in Zimbabwe.

Source For Your Raw Materials (Fruits):

This is the major requirement needed for the business. There are various fruits available to
choose from and make juices.
Some of the essential raw materials for making natural fruit juice includes Paw Paw, Oranges,
Lemon, Lime, Pineapple, Mangoes, and Guava. These are grown and available in abundance in
Zimbabwe.
To Preserve or Not To Preserve: Decide If your fruit juice is freshly made and is meant for
consumption immediately you may not need to use preservatives.
This is typical of fruit juice made in or for immediate consumption at hotels, bars, fast food
centers, shopping malls etc.
However, for large quantity productions which would last for some time, there is the need to add
preservatives to keep them in good condition.

Get a location to production. When choosing a location, the entrepreneur has to take care of
different things, even in the nearby places, how much juice is used every day and how much
percent of the juice will be sold in the Target Market, also has to be analyzed. Initially, the
entrepreneur should start with the low Plant Capacity so that the entrepreneur can increase his
plant capacity along with the sale. While selecting the location, it is very important to keep in
mind that whether the basic features like electricity, water, road, manpower exist in that location.
Apart from this, the assistance and support given by the government are also to be considered.

A business plan should be made keeping in mind the expenses and earnings. By having a
business plan, the entrepreneur will save himself from being in the dark or the challenges in
business will already solve a solution to the difficulties as the business plan will help the
entrepreneur to give information about the fluctuations in his business. Drawing up a good plan
is essential in this business. This will determine and give you an overview of your monthly
expenditures as well as income ratios and other necessary details.

Although the entrepreneur should purchase quotations from various vendors before purchasing
machinery and raw materials for his Fruit Juice Business, and then by doing comparative
analysis he should select the seller for himself. But the work of seeking quotations should be
done only during the time required for the license and registration. The following is a possible
list of the machinery, equipment and production tools which the entrepreneur may require for
fruit juice production business.

 Juice Extractor

 Pasteurizer

 Filling and sealing machine

  Cooling machine

 Automatic Bottle Away (Conveying Unit)

 Laboratory Equipment

 Washing, inspection and measuring instruments.

 Blank bottles, packets, labels, and lid.

 Juice boiler.

 Finisher

Management:
This has to do with your staffing and advisers. For staffing, employing a team of experts
in fruit juice production and machine installation who will help move the business
forward.
This includes factory workers and nutritionists or could be the veterans in this field, meet
big companies C.E.Os and executives in the Zimbabwean nutrition industry for expert
advice on how to run the business successfully. Or if the entrepreneur wants to hire
manpower according to his budget, and as soon as business starts growing, manpower
can be hired.

Advertisement and Marketing Strategies:

Registering your business with online platforms like Google My Business, OpenTable, or
Trip Advisor. This increases your online presence and helps you connect with potential
customers.building a website.

Use of Social Media - Just like a company website, your social media acccounts are a crucial
part of advertising in the digital age. You can choose to set up company profiles on all
platforms, or take a more systematic approach by zeroing in on the platforms that your target
customers use.

Adding a blog section to your website to help search engines recognize your business and build
awareness around your brand. Since juicing is your realm of expertise, create a blog that’s
devoted to juicing. Cover topics like juicing benefits, the best fruits and vegetables for juicing, or
how to use commercial juicers.

 Tomatoe Processing Plant

It is a known fact that tomatoes are used all over the world and it is a cheap and affordable staple
for all classes of people. We have been told that tomatoes are rich in fiber, they contain healthy
vitamins and have no trace of cholesterol. Tomatoes are also known to contain disease fighting
photo-chemicals. Most people like to consume tomato in its raw state as fruit, or after it have
been processed in foods and juices.

These precious fruits are also used for the preparation of various menu like; salads, drinks, pizza,
tomato soups and sauces et al.Tomato processing plants produce tomato paste, puree, ketchup,
juice and sauce. It is important to note that the manufacturing process is made up of the most
modern technology of vacuum evaporation through the use of forced circulation
evaporators/scrapped surface evaporators.

Also evaporation plants are versatile in nature and can concentrate other juices also. These
awesome fruits are used in very huge quantities in the fresh state, as canned tomatoes, and in the
form of canned juice, puree, paste, ketchup and sauce. Tomato ketchup and sauce have got a
mixed taste of sweet and sour.

They can also be very refreshing and help in increasing appetite. Tomatoes are very good source
of vitamin C for our body needs. We all know that the demand for tomato products is increasing
day by day. This shows a glowing future for new entrepreneurs and as well as existing
manufacturers.

The most popular products are:

Tomato Paste

Tomato Ketchup

Tomato juice and sauce

Dried tomatoes

Tomato powder
Orange juice

 The paste is sold in cans in many shops,. Tomato paste produced by rural micro enterprise will
fill a gap by offering smaller quantities for sale, as it meets the customers’ desire: 100g, 200 g
and 500 g packed in attractive polyethylene bags (PET-bags). These bags have the advantage
that its content is visible for the customer (deep red color); they are strong enough to be
transported without damaging and they are easy to open by pulling a prepared part of the plastic.

The second product is pasteurized tomato juice, sold in 500 ml PET-bottles. It is exactly the
same product as the tomato paste except its water content is higher: 70% in comparison to 40%.
This means the juice can also serve as ready-made tomato sauce, spices (black pepper and salt)
are already added during the processing process. Tomato juice can only be found in
supermarkets as imported juice, and its taste appears artificial in comparison to the natural flavor
of the locally produced one.

This plant includes the following machinery:

PREPARTION SECTION:

1. Washer (for thorough washing of tomatoes)

2. Inspection Conveyor (for manual inspection and sorting of tomatoes)

3. Elevator (to feed to the hot break system)

4. Hot Break System (crushing and instant heating of crushed tomatoes to retain pectin)

5. Pulper (for removal of seeds and getting fine pulp as output)

PROCESSING SECTION

1. Standardisation Tanks (for adding ingredients required for preparing ketchup/sauce)

2. Vacuum Evaporators (for concentration under vacuum)

3. Pasteuriser (to pasteurize the tomato paste / sauce / ketchup)

FILLING & PACKAGING

1. Aseptic Bag Filling (for filling tomato paste in aseptic bags)

 2. Automatic Can Filling (for filling tomato puree or tomato paste in tin cans)

3. Bottle Filling (for filling tomato sauce or tomato ketchup in glass or PET bottles

 Sunflower Oil Processing

In recent years the demand for sunflower oil has increased drastically. And why not? Sunflower
oil is preferred throughout the world for its attractive color, light flavor, high smoke point and
rich unsaturated fatty acids. With the following sunflower oil processing plant, you can capitalize
on this demand.

Harvest at the right time for sunflower oil production.

 Harvest when seeds are plump and developed.

 Harvest when flower petals begin to dry out and fall out.
 Harvest when the back of the flower will turn into brown.

 Pretreatment of Sunflower Seeds

Sunflower seed oil extraction process generally begins with cleaning. Magnetic selector is used
in order to remove any trace metal, and the seeds are scrubbed of any foreign matter. If the
moisture content of the seeds is too high it will have an adverse effect on the quality of final
sunflower oil produced, so drying is needed. Then, the seeds are cracked by a pneumatic or
centrifugal Sheller / dehuller, and the result is winnowed to separate kernel from hull.

Once the pretreatment is done, we can begin to think about oil expelling or oil extraction. We
can increase the surface area by grinding the sunflower seeds into a coarse meal, using
mechanized hammer mills. This meal is then heated to aid oil extraction, a process that can
sometimes release impurities. These are removed to ensure that the oil is edible. The mixture is
then fed into a sunflower oil processing equipment. Pressure is slowly increased as the mixture
passes through a slotted barrel, eventually reaching as high as 200,000 kilopascals in an attempt
to extract and capture as much oil as possible.

Once it has been squeezed through the slots, it can be collected and refined in oil refinery
plant.This involves heating the oil to between 40℃ and 85℃ and mixing it with an alkaline
substance such as sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate. Together with this additive, the
undesired fatty acids form a soapy substance that is then removed using centrifugal force. The oil
is cleaned to remove any traces and dried. It is then degummed, the oil treated with acidic water
or steam to remove hosphatides. Once again, centrifugal force is used to remove any dregs.
Together with this additive, the undesired fatty acids form a soapy substance that is then
removed using centrifugal force. The oil is cleaned to remove any traces and dried. It is then
degummed, the oil treated with acidic water or steam to remove phosphatides. Once again,
centrifugal force is used to remove any dregs.

Oil that will be used for cooking is then bleached by filtering it through activated clay or fuller’s
earth, substances which can absorb pigmented materials from the oil. Oils that will be
refrigerated are filtered to remove waxes. The final step is deodorising the oil. The oil is placed
in a vacuum at 225℃ to 250℃, over which steam is passed to distill any odor or volatile
components. A tiny amount of citric acid might also be added to increase the oil's shelf life. Once
this is complete, the finished oil can be packed and shipped to shelves across the world.

It really isn't that complicated. This sunflower oil pressing machine is a tried and tested model
with a low power consumption that belies its high efficiency. It easy to maintain and is simple to
operate. Given the relative ease of production and maintenance and enduring popularity of
sunflower oil, is there any reason you shouldn't buy our sunflower oil machinery.

 Meat processing

Meat processing entails several processes that are done to meat before selling it. These are
processes such as slaughtering, cutting, packaging, and value addition (i.e. processing into other
products). If you are looking to start a business that specializes in that then just know you are in
the domain of meat processing.

When it comes to key requirements, the top of the list is a building. As can be assumed you can
build one or rent an existing one as an alternative. You will need a cold storage unit or you can
alternatively just use freezer units – whichever is cheaper. Land space is also a must since you
might actually have to bring live animals over before they are slaughtered. What is meat
processing without cutting tables, knives, trolleys, crates, trays, racks, and so on? Electricity and
clean water are also central to the smooth running of this business. You might also need
specialized machinery for certain meat processing processes. Examples are grinders, vacuum
filters, mixers, emulsifiers, sausage stuffers, tenderizers, marinaters, bone saws, and so on.

The need to buy, hire, or rent machinery will lead to some significant capital requirements. More
often than not you will need a substantial amount of working space. Thus you will need to build
or rent a building to house your entire meat processing infrastructure. You will also need a
transport framework, in-house or outsourced, to handle deliveries to some of your clients. Not
forgetting cold storage equipment to keep meat fresh. All this points to how capital-intensive a
meat processing business can turn out to be.

The market for products of meat processing or meat processing services is huge. You can supply
wholesalers, retailers, and individual or corporate clients. This spans from your products to the
actual meat processing services. For instance, someone might simply come to you for you to cut
their meat of an animal that has just been slaughtered. Evidently, the market is so broad and
diversified.

The most important things mentioned here regard issues to do with compliance with certain
regulations. Meat processing is characterised by certain regulatory frameworks that a business
must comply with. It is indispensably paramount that adhere to them since you can be inspected
by the respective authorities any time. According to Clive Masakarufu (Dec 11,2020), a good
place to start is always local authorities and those already doing the business. These people can
help you understand better what might be expected of your business regulations-wise.

REFERENCE;

Clive Masarakufa ,Dec 11 2020

Exporter and Manufacturer (ltd/Pvt) ,1995

Trends food science technology,91(2019)

FAO/WHO.2016.Draft Code of Hygienic Practice of Meat ,pp21-27.In Report of the 11th Session
of the condex Committee of Meat Hygiene .14-17 February 2016.ALINORM.