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Abps311 Discussion 2
Abps311 Discussion 2
One-Dimensional Models
Multidimensional Models
▪ The Role of Genes
▪ Neuroscience
▪ Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences
▪ Emotions
▪ Cultural, Social, and Interpersonal Factors
▪ Life-Span Development
One-Dimensional Models
▪ Single cause, operating in isolation
▪ Ignores critical information
Multidimensional Models
▪ Systemic
▪ Several independent inputs that become
interdependent
▪ Causes cannot be considered out of context
Phobia?
Behavioral factors
Biological factors
▪ Genetics
▪ Physiology
▪ Neurobiology
Emotional influences
Phobia?
Social factors
Developmental factors
Environmental factors
The Nature of Genes
Diathesis:
▪ Inherited tendency to express traits/behaviors
Stress:
▪ Life events or contextual variables
▪ Environmental
Nervous system
▪ CNS
Brain and spinal cord
▪ PNS
Somatic and autonomic branches
The Central Nervous System
The neuron-basic building block
Function: electrical
Communication: chemical
▪ Neurotransmitters
Synaptic Transmission
The Structure of the Brain
Main parts:
▪ BraBasic functions
▪ in stem
▪ Forebrain
Higher cognition
The Structure of the Brain
Hindbrain
▪ Medulla—Heart rate, blood pressure, respiration
▪ Pons—Regulates sleep stages
▪ Cerebellum—Physical coordination
Midbrain
▪ Coordinates movement with sensory input
▪ Contains parts of the reticular activating system
(RAS)
The Structure of the Brain
Limbic system
▪ Emotions, basic drives, impulse control
▪ Associated structures and psychopathology
Basal ganglia
▪ Caudate nucleus
▪ Motor activity
The Structure of the Brain
The Structure of the Brain
Somatic system
▪ Voluntary muscles and movement
Autonomic system
▪ Sympathetic (activating)
▪ parasympathetic (normalizing)
▪ Both divisions regulate:
Cardiovascular system/body temperature
Endocrine system/digestion
The Peripheral Nervous System
The Peripheral Nervous System
Learned helplessness
▪ Perceptions of control
▪ Implicated in depression
Negative attributions
Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences
Social learning
▪ Albert Bandura
▪ Modeling
▪ Observational learning
Emotions
• Degree of response