Learner’s Activity Sheet

Earth Science (Quarter II – Week 3)

Name: _____________________________________ Grade and Section: ________________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Date:______________________________
School:__________________________________________________________________________

Dear Learner,
Good day!
In this week, you will learn to describe
 how rocks behave under different
types of stress such as compression, pulling apart, and
shearing Week 3 S11ES-IId-27
 Explain how seafloor spreads Week 3 S11ES-IIf-32
Specifically, you will learn the following:
1. Explain how continental drift;
2. Explain how the movement of plates leads to the formation of folds and
fault
3. Explain the seafloor spreads
4. Describe the evolution of ocean basins
In this lesson, appreciating the processes that formed the different
landscape was integrated.
Your Teacher

Earth’s Material Processes: Deformation of Crust

Activity 1
Instructions: Perform the following.
What’s the Code? It Puzzle Me!
Alfred Wegener noticed that continents seemed to fit together, not at the
continuously changing shoreline but at the edge of their continental shelves. The
“good fit” suggested that just like neighboring pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, the
continents were once connected in a supercontinent.
Objective: To know the evidences that supports Wegner’s theory
Direction: Cut-out the continents and paste in a bond paper.
What you need: world map, cut-outs continent, glue or paste
What to do?
Step 1. Label the cut-out of continent with their names using the world map.
Step 2. Fit the cut-outs to reconstruct the supercontinent, glue or paste them
together.
Step 3. Compare the reconstructed super continent against a world map.
Questions:
1. Which landmasses fit together? (3points)
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2. What places in the world are they now positioned? (identify the exact latitude
and longitude of the present position) (4points)
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3. What evidence did you consider in determining which continental boundaries be
joined? (2points)
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___________________________________________________________________________

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 Fig. 1. Cut-out Continents
(online.seterra.com)
Activity 2

Activity 1. The Supercontinent or Pangaea

Instructions: Answer the following questions:
1. Do you have a hard time arranging the cut-out map continents? Why?
(2points)_______________________________________________________________
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 2. What is Pangaea? Explain briefly. (2points)
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3. How do you feel in making this activity? Why? (2points)
___________________________________________________________________________
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Activity 3 Read and Understand

Instructions: Copy this on your notebook.

Continental Drift
Continental Drift refers to the movement of the Earth’s continents relative to
each other, appearing to “drift” across the ocean bed. The thought that the
continents might have been drifted was first speculated by Abraham Ortellius in
1596. The concept was fully developed by Alfred Wegener (1880-1930), a German
meteorologist. He proposed his ideas in a book entitled The Origin of Continents and
Oceans. He presented the evidence that he collected from different scientific fields
to support his theory. He said that continents were once joined together in one
large landmass called “supercontinent” also known as Pangaea (meaning “all land”),
which was formed by a series of continental collisions that began in the late
Paleozoic and continued until the early part of Mezozoic. Pangaea is believed to
have been a C-shaped landmass that spread across the equator.

 The Fit of Continental Shorelines

Wegener viewed the apparent fit of the continents along their coastlines as
pieces of a jigsaw puzzle-an indication that their continents were once joined
together. The coast of Africa fits well with the eastern coast of South America
and southeast coast of North America.
 Distribution of Glacial Sediments
Wegener plotted in the map the location of the sediments and rocks that
were formed during the last glaciation of the late Paleozonic. He also
analyzed the orientation of the striations or the scratches imprinted as
glaciers moved along the surface of rocks. These sediments are present in
southern parts of South America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica.
 Paleoclimate
If the southern part of Pangaea is located in the polar region as indicated by
the presence of glaciers, then it follows that the rest of the supercontinent
extended to the equatorial region and to the Northern Hemisphere. As
observe today, the equatorial region has a tropical climate characterized by
conditions that favor lush vegetation such as abundant rainfall and warm
temperature.
 Distribution of Fossils
Paleontologist have distinguished fossils or remnants of organisms preserved
in rock that are indicative of marine and terrestrial organisms. Some
terrestrial organisms are restricted in certain continents. Wegener mapped
the distribution of fossils of known land organisms and he found out that
fossils of the same organism in certain places in several continents.

 Distribution of Rocks

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 Wegener was able to recognize the distinct assembly of rocks occurring on
either side of the Atlantic Ocean. Based on the type, age, and sequence of
layering, these appear to be immediately adjacent to each other if the
Atlantic Ocean is closed and Pangaea is reconstructed.

Seafloor Spreading

In 1950 and 1960, marine geologists

used echo sounding to map ocean ridges,
or submarine mountain chains, in the
North Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific
Ocean. They discovered that these were
continuous on Earth’s surface,
resembling the stitches on a baseball. In
1962, Harry Hammond Hess, an
American geologist, who conducted echo-
sounding surveys on the ocean floor,
published his findings in his article, “The
History of Ocean Basins.” He found out
that magma oozed up from Earth’s
interior along mid-oceanic ridges and Fig. 2. Seafloor Spreading
this eventually solidified and formed a (Geology and the Earth-Weebly)
new seafloor. The seafloor on either side
of the ridge spreads away from the crest of the ridge, until it sank into the deep
oceanic trenches in the process called subduction. This theory provided the
mechanism that was missing from the continental drift theory.
Ocean Basins
Through most of the geologic time, probably back 2 billion years ago, the ocean
basin have grown and consumed as plate tectonics continued on Earth. The latest
phase of ocean basin growth began just less than 200 million years ago with the
break of the supercontinent Pangaea. Since that time, major developments have
included the shrinking of the Pacific basin at the expense of the growing Atlantic
and Arctic basins.

Fig. 3. Ocean Basin

http//www.kudzuacres.com/wwow/
lessons.hydrology/oceanfloorfeatures.html

 Topographic Features associated

with the Ocean Basin
Topographic features that exist on the ocean basin are obtained by using the
following technologies: echo sounder which was primarily developed for military
purpose, side-scan sonar and satellites that measure the height of sea surfaces.
Sonar is an instrument that accurately determines the time between the

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 emission of a strong acoustic pulse and the detection of its echo. Using the
principle of sound reflection, scientists can determine the depth of the ocean.

 Origin of Ocean Basins

The ocean basin are the result of tectonic forces and processes. All of the ocean
basins were formed from volcanic rock that was released from fissures located
at the mid-oceanic ridges.

 Ocean Basin Configuration

The current spatial configuration of the ocean basin is due to plate tectonics.
The creation of new oceanic crust at the mid-oceanic ridge moves the continents
across the Earth’s surface and forms subduction zones.at the areas of
subduction, oceanic crust is forced into the mantle after it bumps with a
continental crust because the oceanic crust is denser than the continental
crust.

Activity 4 CROSS WORD PUZZLE

Instructions: Find the word listed below and draw a line on each word on
the puzzle. (15 points)

Sea floor Ocean basin Drift Subduction Pangaea

Continents Magma Shorelines Fossils Earth

Sediments Oceanography Wegener Ridges Glaciation

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 Activity 5

Instructions: Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on the space provided
for. (10 points)
1. ________________________ deals with chemical and physical properties of
the ocean including marine life and ecosystem.
2. _________________________ are remains of organisms preserved in rock
that are indicative of marine and terrestrial
organisms.
3. _________________________ are the result of tectonic forces and processes.
4. _________________________ refers to the movement of the Earth’s
continents relative to each other, appearing to
drift across the ocean bed.
5. ________________________ also called supercontinents.
6. ________________________ a German meteorologist who introduced the
continental drift theory.
7. ________________________ the process by which new oceanic crust is
formed by the convective upwelling of magma at
mid-ocean ridges, resulting in the continuous
lateral displacement of existing oceanic crust.
8. ________________________ an underwater mountain system formed by
plate tectonics.
9. ________________________ is an instrument that accurately determines the
time between the emission of a strong acoustic
pulse and the detection of the echo.
10. _______________________ were formed from volcanic rock that was
released from fissures located at the mid-
oceanic ridges.

References:
K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies
Earth Science by Jose Tolentino Olivar II pages 185-200
Sañosa,P.J.(2021). G11-Earth Science Q2 W2. Malabang National High School-
Division of Lanao Sur II

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that my child has successfully done all the
activities included in this Learning Activity Sheet.

_________________________________________ ____________________
Name and Signature of the Parent Date
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