GRADE 7 SCIENCE

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT –

SCIENCE LEARNING AREA
 Objective:

At the end of the lesson, the

students should be able to identify
the parts and functions of a cell
and explain why it is considered
the basic structural and functional
unit of all organisms.
 In the 1600’s, Robert Hooke,
an English scientists,
examined a thin slice of cork
from a tree bark under a
microscope.
 he observed that it was
composed of many tiny
boxes like compartments, He
named these compartments
as cells.
 Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (Dutch)
was spending his spare time
grinding lenses and constructing
simple microscope, was able to
discover microorganism and
various forms of bacterial cell.
 In 1831, a continuing
investigation of cell inclusion
followed; Robert Brown, a
Scottish Botanist discovered
the nucleus and established
it as a fundamental and
constant component of the
cell.
 In 1838, Mathias Schleiden, a German
Botanist made a thorough investigation of
plants and established the theory that all
parts of plant are made up of cell
 In the following year, Theodore Schwann, a
German Zoologist made a similar study on
animal cells and also concluded that all
parts of animal are composed of cells.
 In 1859, Rudolf Virchow, a
German biologist theorized
that living cells come from
pre-existing cells.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Rudolf Virchow
The cell theory states:
Cells are the basic unit of life
All organisms are composed of cells
Every cell comes from pre-existing cells.
Cells of multicellular organisms are interconnected
allowing it to function as single unit
 Types of Cell found in Living Things

 Some living things are

Multicellular or made up of
many cells while the others are
single-celled or Unicellular.
There are two types of cells
that have evolved through
time, these are: Prokaryotic
cell and Eukaryotic cell
 Prokaryotic Cell (Pro=before
; Karyon= Nucleus) is a cell
with no definite or distinct
nucleus and have few
organelles that are not
membrane bound region
called nucleoid.
Ex. Bacterial cell and
Cyanobacteria
 Eukaryotic Cell (Eu= True ;
Karyon= Nucleus) is a cell
with definite or true nucleus.
With membrane bound
organelles and large
ribosome. It is found in Fungi,
Plants, Animal and Protists
 Organelle Description/Function Title
This part is selectively permeable
Cell Membrane / membrane which means it
regulates the entry and exit of Gate of the cell
Plasma Membrane materials like ions and organic
molecules.
Matrix of different cellular
organelles (It holds the organelles Area of
Cytoplasm in place.) t is also where most of movement
the cell activity occurs.
Mitochondria Provides energy for the cell in the
(Singular: form of Adenosine Triphosphate Powerhouse of the Cell
Mitochondrion) (ATP)
Organelle Description/Function Title
An enclosed spaced. Used to store
Vacuole materials in the cell such as water Storage of the cell
and nutrients.

Golgi Sorts, packages and modifies Packaging Area of the

Apparatus protein for secretion Cell

Is tiny globular nucleoprotein

Ribosomes particles considered to be the site
of protein synthesis
Organelle Description/Function Title
Small organelles that roam the
cytoplasm. It contains enzymes
Lysosomes responsible for the digestive activities of Suicide bag of the cell
the cell. Simplifies/breaks down complex
materials
Centrioles helps separate
chromosomes and formation of spindle
fiber during cell division.
Centrioles Director of cell division
Note: Only animal cell have centrioles,
plant cell do not have.
 Organelle Description/Function Title
Two types of ER:

Rough ER - contains the

structure ribosomes.
Ribosomes helps in the
producing of proteins.
Endoplasmic Producing proteins and
Reticulum Smooth ER- do not
Fats
contain any ribosomes.
They are responsible in
producing fats. They also
convert harmful substance
to harmless substance
 Organelle Description/Function Title
Carriers of genes responsible in transmitting
hereditary characteristics
Chromosomes Note: Chromosomes: Where the characteristics
of an
individual is located.
Act as the ‘brain’ of the cell
The control center
Nucleus Regulate and control all cell
of the cell
activities
Surround and protect the
nucleus
Gate of the
Nuclear Membrane Control the movement of
nucleus
materials into and out of the
nucleus
 Organelle Description/Function Title

The largest and condense part

inside the nucleus.
Nucleolus Produces the ribosomes and
Producing ribosomes
protects the chromosomes

Nucleoplasm / Matrix of the chromosomes and

Nuclear Sap Nucleolus
 Organelle Description/Function Title

Provides mechanical support and Supporter and protector of the

Cell wall maintains cell shape in plant cells cell

Provides the green color of plants;

Chloroplasts functions for photosynthesis
Food producers for the cell

Storage of the cell.

NOTE: Both plants and animals

Vacuole Storing of food and water
have vacuole, plant vacuole
are larger than animal vacuole
 TAKE NOTE:

 Cell wall is an additional protection for the plant cells that provided it with
definite shape while animal cells have irregular shape because it does not
have a cell wall.
 Chloroplasts perform a specific function that allow plant cells to perform
Photosynthesis, since animal cells does not perform photosynthesis they do not
have this specific part.
 Regarding vacuoles, both animal and plant cells have them, plant cells just
have bigger because they need it to store a lot of water and food because
the movement of plants are restricted as compared to the animals.
 On the other hand, there’s a part that is only found in animal cells and that is
the centrioles.
 Comparison of a Plant
Cell and an Animal Cell

Plant and Animal Cells both have the following parts

1. Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm
3. Mitochondria
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum
5. Golgi Bodies
6. Lysosomes
7. Vacuoles
8. Nucleus
9. Ribosomes
➢ Both Plant and Animal Cells have a well-defined nucleus making them a Eukaryotic Cell.
➢ Since plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, it means that they are found in multicellular
organisms. Plants and animals are multicellular organisms.
 Comparison of a Plant and Animal Cell based
on their characteristics such as shape, size,
energy storage, and growth of the cells.
SHAPE OF THE CELLS
Animal cells come in various sizes and tend to have round or irregular shapes. Plant cells are more
similar in size and are typically rectangular or cube shaped.

SIZE OF THE CELLS

Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells. Animal cells range from 10 to 30 micrometers in
length, while plant cells range from 10 to 100 micrometers in length.

ENERGY STORAGE OF THE CELLS

Animals cells store energy in the form of the complex carbohydrate compound. Plant cells store
energy as starch (sugar).

GROWTH OF THE CELLS

Animal cells increase in size by increasing in cell numbers. Plant cells mainly increase cell size by
REAL LIFE APPLICATION:

Cells are not only the building blocks of the organisms, they are also
the functional units of life. Thus, cell is a basic unit of life and structural
and functional unit of an organism. It is the smallest unit capable of
independent existence and performing the essential functions of life.
Studying cells helps us understand how organisms function. Cellular
components work together to carry out life functions. Cellular
processes enable organisms to meet their basic needs.
Reading Reference:
• Madriaga, E.A. Ph.D., et.al, (2020) Science Links 7: Worktext for
Scientific and Technological Literacy. Quezon City, Philippines: Rex
Bookstore Inc. pp 116