The performance of Senior High School students in

Mapua during Online Classes

A Research Paper Submitted to the Mapúa Senior High School Department

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

Research Project (RES04)

Mapúa University

March 2022

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The COVID-19 epidemic, which affected over 1.6 billion pupils in over 190 nations,
resulted in an abrupt closure in 2020. (UNESCO 2020). Depending on government policy,
teachers, children, and parents had to quickly adjust to a new homeschooling environment, which
may last anywhere from a few weeks to many months. While the full impact of this outage will
take years, if not decades, preliminary data show that it has already affected students' academic
performance and wellbeing: the COVID-19 pandemic forced students to attend school from
home, which has been linked to lower performance on national tests (note that the reference is
pending peer review), higher stress and anxiety, poor sleep quality, and a general decline in
student wellbeing. However, little is known regarding the pandemic's influence on senior
highschool students' performance in online learning settings, which have been popular as a
supplement to regular classroom work in recent years. This study aims to examine if senior
highschool students' performance altered as a result of the school closures caused by the
COVID-19 outbreak.

The students of Mapua University would benefit from this study because they are the key
respondents. Students may be able to enhance their performance in online classrooms due to the
findings of this study. The results of this study will provide them with an idea and impression of
students' performance throughout online learning. Teachers and parents will benefit from this
research as well. The findings may advise students to understand better and enhance their online
learning performance.

Review of Related Literature

Widespread of online learning

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, a public health crisis of worldwide importance,

announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 as an outbreak, has made
distance education through the online learning system an urgent and irreplaceable requirement.

Effect of the internet in learning

Online learning, also known as e-learning, has become more prevalent as the 21st century
has become more comfortable with using the internet in their daily lives (Lombardi, Oblinger.
2007). The digital age has begun, and with it comes technology integration within fields such as
medicine and entertainment and within education.

Effect of the two modes of e-learning on students

Primarily, there are two modes of e-learning – Synchronous and Asynchronous. Studies
done by the South African Journal of Education have shown a correlation between the type of e-
learning used and the performance of students in terms of achievement and skill acquisition.
Additionally, it has been shown that the gender of the student does not influence their
performance within the respective modes. (Ogbanna et al., 2019.)
Effect of the pandemic to education

Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it has proven difficult for both students and
teachers to attend school physically, as there is a risk of catching the virus. In order to avoid the
spread of the pandemic, the usage of e-learning and e-classrooms have been put into use and
normalized. (Alqhatani et al. 2020.)

Effect of synchronous mode to students

Therefore, the researchers have concluded that there must be a further investigation about
the given modes of learning, specifically the online learning mode, as it is the mode of learning
most similar to face-to-face classes. The researchers will investigate the synchronous mode
within its fundamental core. According to studies, the synchronous mode is superior to the
asynchronous learning mode. It positively affects the students’ perception of belonging, positive
affect, and cognitive processes, which the face-to-face classes fundamentally include. (Beymer et
al. 2018.)

Synthesis and Research Gap

In late 2019, The world began a quick descent into biological Darkness. The world was not ready
to start the covid-19 virus from Wuhan, China. Many people's lives were affected, from people
losing their jobs to schools being closed. Many of the people were wondering and worried about
their children's education because of the reason for Schools being closed. Thus, the Government
used online learning/Modular learning methods to continue teaching young people. Like Allan
Bloom said, "Education Is the movement from darkness to light." Hence we present our Study on
The performance of senior high school students in Mapua during online classes.

During This Time Of Pandemic, it is essential to have a study about The performance of senior
high school students in Mapua during online classes to know the situation of the students both
physically and mentally. In this time of the pandemic, it was hard for all of us since we were new
to this kind of setup. But as time progress, we can see an improvement in online learning.
According to Taylor and Francis Online, when it comes to their research on satisfaction,
satisfaction with online learning is the new normal: the perspective of students and faculty at
medical and health sciences colleges(24, November 2020) stated that The response rate was
97.8% for students and 86.4% for faculty. Overall satisfaction among students was 41.3%
compared to 74.3% for faculty. Students' highest areas of satisfaction were communication and
flexibility, whereas 92.9% of faculty were satisfied with students' enthusiasm for online learning.
Thus we can see that both students and faculty staff both agree on their satisfaction with online
classes.

Online Classes are also better because students from distant places who want to study at
prominent universities like Mapua can now. With online help, they can still learn using their
phones or gadgets. With technological advancement, learners now want quality programs they
can access from anywhere and at any time. Because of these demands, online education has
become a viable, alluring option to business professionals, stay-at-home-parents, and other
similar populations. With technological advancement, learners now want quality programs they
can access from anywhere and at any time. Because of these demands, online education has
become a viable, alluring option to business professionals, stay-at-home-parents, and other
similar populations. With technological advancement, learners now want quality programs they
can access from anywhere and at any time. Because of these demands, online education has
become a viable, alluring option to business professionals, stay-at-home-parents, and other
similar populations (Xiaoxun Sun). For these reasons, we can see why most students and faculty
members agree when it comes to online learning.

Research Objectives

This paper aims to identify the different problems that affect students' performance during online
learning. The following objectives of the study:

1. What are the struggles of students that affect their performance during online learning?
2. How do these struggles affect students' motivation in their performance in learning?
3. How do students cope with their problems?

Theoretical Framework

The six key elements

 According to Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning (1956,) there are six key elements that are
related to the development of intellectual skills when practicing a higher order thinking skill
during learning. The six key elements are as follows – Creating, Evaluating, Analyzing,
Applying, and Understanding. This theory is relevant to the study because it provides a
framework that allows easy understanding of the different methods of learning. Therefore, in
order to grasp the effectiveness of the Synchronous Mode, a student must meet all of these
requirements.

Engagement Theory

According to Kearsley and Schneiderman’s Engagement Theory (1998), the fundamental

idea underlying engagement theory is that students must be meaningfully engaged in learning
activities through interaction with others and worthwhile tasks. This theory is relevant to the
study because, much like Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning, provides additional conditions that
the teachers must provide in order to give a meaningful discussion to students within the
Synchronous mode of learning. Therefore, in order to prove the effectiveness of the Synchronous
mode of learning, a teacher must be able to engage a student by allowing student interaction and
substantial tasks.

Experiential learning theory

According to Kolb’s experiential learning theory (1984), there are four stages, namely:
concrete learning, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation.
Effective learning can be seen when the learner progresses through the cycle. This theory is
relevant to the study because, much like the two theories above, it supports the idea that there are
requirements and stages a student must meet in order to learn properly. Therefore, within the
Synchronous mode of learning, it must be asked – does the student meet these requirements
when participating within the Synchronous mode of learning?

Theory of online learning as online participation

According to Stefan Hratinski’s theory of online learning as online participation,

participation and learning are inseparable and jointly constituting. He also states that in order to
enhance online learning, a student must be an active participant within the lesson itself, as it
allows them to dissect and question the material and interact with fellow classmates. This theory
is relevant to the study because it states that in order for a student to learn properly, they must be
actively participating within the lesson. As the Synchronous mode of learning is conducted
within real-time, it allows the teacher to personally interact with the students and allows the
students to interact with each other, allowing students to learn better.

Conceptual Framework

Table 1:

Independent, Intervening, and Dependent Variables of the Performance of Senior High School
students in Mapua University during Online classes

The variables in the research are depicted in the diagram above. The three types of variables are
the independent, dependent, and intervening variables. The independent variables are the
variables that might influence the dependent variable, which is the performance of Mapua
University senior high school students. Students' involvement in class, submission of
requirements, and mastery of teachings through tests are all criteria. In addition, the research
includes an intervening variable that will aid in connecting the relationships between the other
factors.

Methodology

This section comprises the research design, research setting, sampling techniques, data gathering
tool, data collecting procedure, and data analysis, all employed in how the researcher would
perform this qualitative study.

Research Design

The correlational survey employed in this study was conducted using a qualitative technique.
According to Michael and Thomas (1998), qualitative research is an inquiry that examines
information given through language and behavior in natural settings. It captures expressive
information about beliefs, values, feelings, and motivations that underpin behaviors not shown in
quantitative data. The correlational research design is suited for this study because it determines
the relationship between Mapua Senior High School's performance variables.

Setting

The researchers will conduct the study at Mapua University Intramuros, where the respondents
will receive the same level of education and workloads. The researchers will conduct data
collection via online meetings or interviews due to the continuing pandemic. The information
from the responders will only be collected on one campus.

Participants and Sampling Technique

Due to the rise of technology and online learning among the Mapua University Senior High
School population due to the pandemic, the researchers chose to arrange data using graphs for
data organizations. On the other hand, the researchers decided to apply the Convenience
Sampling Technique to get the required data size. Researchers that undertake qualitative research
also employ this method. The population will be sampled by selecting 10 participants per grade
level at Senior High School to respond to the researchers' given and produced questionnaires.

Data Gathering Tools

The researchers will utilize questionnaires and conduct interviews with each individual who has
been chosen. Because the researchers would not be able to conduct face-to-face interviews due to
the pandemic, they have opted to employ other programs such as Google Forms, Microsoft, and
numerous social media sites. During the interview, the researchers will meticulously document
the responses to the questionnaire. The questionnaires will be open-ended, making them ideal for
non-directive discussions.

Research Procedures

Researchers will create questions based on the study's goals, which are to determine the
performance of Mapua University Senior High School pupils. This will assist the researcher in
extracting valuable and pertinent information from the respondents for their study's examination.
Because this study will use a qualitative approach, an online survey will be required as a research
tool. Several questions will be asked of the respondents. This survey will be carried out using
Google Forms or Microsoft Forms. A question will be included in the survey to determine the
students' performance in online learning. Unless permitted to share the material publicly, the
researchers will keep the information provided by the participants private.

Data Analysis

Thematic analysis will be the appropriate strategy for this study since it will adopt a qualitative
approach. The researchers will undertake data analysis following the data collection from the
chosen interviews. Thematic Analysis will be used to compare the identified themes and their
foregrounding and treatment. Because the analysis employed is a flexible technique, the
researchers might get new and unexpected information and insights, and the study topics can
change. The researchers get captivated with the acquired data during the first phase since the
researchers constantly repeat the data. In the second step of data analysis, the researchers will
narrow down the list of possible codes to the initial codes used to find the patterns needed to
identify the themes and sub-themes. The researchers will start organizing their data logically and
understandably. The third step paves the way for the researchers to determine the key topics and
codes. During this step, researchers will examine the principles and group some of them into a
single subject. In the fourth phase, the researchers will have to connect the decided themes and
codes to correspond to the gathered data. The researchers finalize their marked pieces by
reviewing and revising. During the previous phase, the researcher analyzes, modifies, and
prospers the classified themes. The researchers examined the data connected with each article to
see if it supported the theme. Finally, the researchers explain the finalized and specified pieces in
the last stage. In the fourth step, the researchers will have to relate the determined themes and
codes to the acquired data. The researchers evaluate and revise their noted topics to bring them to
a conclusion. The researcher examines, changes, and expands on the identified concepts during
the previous step. The researchers looked at the data associated with each theme to determine if
it supported the theme. Finally, the researchers fully describe the completed and stated topics in
the final step.

Ethical Considerations

The information and data acquired from the research respondents will be kept secret to ensure
their safety. The safety and protection of the respondents' information and data obtained for the
study will be a top priority for the researchers. Following Republic Act 10173 of the Data
Privacy Act of 2012, all information and data submitted by respondents will be utilized only for
this study.

To ensure that the results are credible, the researchers must ensure that the respondents are at
ease when filling out the study's questionnaire. Respondents will not be forced to participate in
the study during the data collection period. The respondent's participation will be entirely
voluntary. Additionally, they will have the ability to refuse at any time and for any reason. The
participants were also told they had been appropriately informed about the study's aim for
accountability purposes.

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