Question answer

1 The fine quality of cotton and silk available in india had a big market in Europe. Spices like
cinnamon, cardamom, pepper, colves were easily available at low price in india and were in too
demand in europe and these things attracted the europeon traders to india

2-The conflict between the company and the Bengal nawabs intensified in the starting eighteenth
century. The Bengal rulers- Murshid Quli khan, Alivardi khan and Siraj ud daulah were strong rulers.

They refused the company to grant concessions and demanded large tributes to give company the
trading rights.

The company was refused to mint coins, stopped it from extending its fortification

They claimed that the company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amount and
revenues and undermining the authority of the nawab

On other hand, the company claimed that the unjust demands of local rulers were running their
trade and to expand their trade they had to rebuild their forces.

They both tried to negotiate but were unable to do so which finally lead to battles and wars.

3 diwani rights- in 1765 the Mughal emperor appointed the east India company as the diwan of
Bengal . The diwani allowed the company to use vast rrsources of Bengal. This solved the major
problem of the company. The trade of the company had expanded in india. But to buy goods from
india, they had to import gold and silver from Britain. This was because Britain had no goods to sell
in india.

The outflow of gold from Britain slowed after the battle of Plassey and completely stopped after the
battle of buxur.

Now the revenues of Bengal could be used to buy cotton and silk textiles in india and maintain
troops and meet the cost of making company fort and offices at Calcutta.

As per the terms of Alliance the Indian rulers were not allowed to have their independent army.They
were protected by the company army . They had to pay for the subsidiary forces that the company
was supposed to maintain but if the ruler fails to pay for it, he will have to give a part of his territory
as fine

Some parts of territory of Awadh and Hyderabad were taken as fine as they were not able pay for
the Alliance.
4 Indian rulers divided its administrative units as districts, paragans, Tehsils. But the company
divided its administrative units into presidencies.

There were 3 provinces- Bengal, Madras and Bombay Presidencies.

Each presidency was ruled by a Governor and each district was ruled by collector.

They supreme head of the administration was governer general whereas in India the head of
administration was king.

The main role of collector was to collect revenue and taxes, and maintain law and order in his
districts with the help of judges, polices and darogas.

Also a new system of justice was introduced in which each district was supposed to have two courts-
civil court(diwani Adalat) and criminal court( faujdari Adalat)

5 before colonization, the Mughal army mainly composed of cavalry- trained solders on horsebacks
or sawars and infantry or the paidal sawars

In the early nineteenth century, the British began to develop uniform army culture and they were
given European style training. Drill and discipline were introducedwhich regulated their life more
than before

After the battles with Marathas and Mysore, they realized the importance of cavalry solders