A biomolecule, also known as a biological molecule, is a term used to
describe molecules found in organisms that are required for one or more typical biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development.[1] Biomolecules include large macromolecules (or polyanions) like proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules like primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. This class of material is also known as biological materials. Biomolecules are an important component of living creatures. Endogenous biomolecules are often created within the organism[2, 3], but organisms usually require external biomolecules, such as specific nutrients, to thrive. Biochemistry and molecular biology are subfields of biology that investigate biomolecules and their reactions. The majority of biomolecules are organic substances, and the human body is composed of only four elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. However, several additional elements, such as biometals, are present in trace levels.
The uniformity of specific types of molecules (biomolecules) and certain
metabolic pathways are invariant features among the wide diversity of life forms; thus, these biomolecules and metabolic pathways are referred to as "biochemical universals"[4] or "theory of material unity of living beings," a unifying concept in biology that, along with cell theory and evolution theory, is referred to as "biochemical universals"[4] .[5]