PRE GATE 2020 Electronics & Communication Engineering: General Aptitude

PRE‐GATE‐2020
Electronics & Communication Engineering

(Questions with Detailed Solutions)
GENERAL APTITUDE 03. Choose the most appropriate word from

the options given below to complete the
Q. 1 – Q. 5 carry one mark each. following sentence:
If you had gone to see him, he _______
delighted.
01. Fill in the blank with an appropriate
(A) Would have been
phrase
(B) Will have been
Jobs are hard to _____ these days
(C) Had been
(A) Come by (B) Come down
(D) Would be
(C) Come of (D) Come from
03. Ans: (A)
01. Ans: (A)
Ans: ‘A” conditional tense type 3 grammatical
Sol: ‘Come by’ means to manage to get
code is
something.
If +had+V3, would +have+V3
02. The question below consists of a pair of

04. Which of the following options is closest
related words followed by four pairs of
in meaning to the underlined word?
words. Select the pair that best expresses
European intellectuals have long debated
the relation in the original pair.
the consequences of the hegemony of
MONKEY : TROOP :
American popular culture around the
(A) sheep : hard
world.
(B) elephant : Parliament
(A) regimen (B) vastness
(C) bacteria : Colony
(C) dominance (D) popularity
(D) wolves : School
04. Ans: (C)
02. Ans: (C)
Sol: Dominance means influence or control
Sol: Troop consists of monkeys just as a
over another country, a group of people
colony consists of bacteria.
etc.
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05. How many one-rupee coins, 50 paise (B) The best critical reading happens at
coins, 25 paise coins in total of which the critical times in a person’s life.
numbers are proportional to 5, 7 and 12
(C) Readers should get in the habit of
are together work ₹115? questioning the truth of what they
(A) 50, 70, 120 (B) 60, 70, 11 read.
(C) 70, 80, 90 (D) None of these
(D) Critical reading requires thoughtful
05. Ans: (A)
and careful attention.
Sol: (51 + 70.5 + 120.25)x = 115
(5 + 3.5 + 3)x = 115 06. Ans: (D)
11.5x = 115 Sol: Choice (A) is incorrect because the author
x = 10 never says that reading is dull.
 Number of one rupee coin = 5x
= 510 = 50 Choice (B) and (C) are not support by the
Number of 5-paise coin = 7x = 710 = 70 paragraph.
Number of 25-paise coin = 12x

Choice (D) is correct as it is implied in the
= 1210 = 120
entire passage.
Q. 6 – Q. 10 carry Two marks each.
06. Critical reading is a demanding process. 07. Anil’s house faces east from the back-side
To read critically, you must slow down of the house, he walks straight 50 metres,
your reading and, with pencil in hand, then turns to the right and walks 50m
perform specific operations on the text again finally, he turns towards left and
mark up the text with your reactions, stops after walking 25 m. Now Anil is in
conclusions, and questions, then you read, which direction from the starting point?
become an active participant. (A) South-east

This passage best supports the statement (B) South-west
that
(C) North-east
(A) Critical reading is a slow, dull but
essential process. (D) North- west
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07. Ans: (D) 08. Ans: (B)

Sol: The movement of Anil are shown in the Sol:
adjoining figure
A’s share : B’s share : C’s share
25m
D C
(504+258) : (455+22.57) : (707)
400 : 382.5 : 490
800 : 765 : 980
50m
160 : 153 : 196
B A
He starts walking from back of his house Total profit = ₹254
(i.e) towards west now, the final position

is D, which is to the north west of his 160
Profit of A =  254
160  153  196
starting point A.
160
  254
509
08. A and B enter into a partnership, A puts in
= ₹79.8  ₹80
₹50 and B puts in ₹45. At the end of
4 months, A withdraws half his capital 153

Profit of B =  254
and at the end of 5 months B withdraws 509
1 = ₹76.34
of his, C then enters with a capital of
2
 ₹76
₹70 at the end of 12 months, the profit of
concern is ₹254, how can the profit be 196

Profit of C =  254
509
divided among A, B and C ?
= ₹97.8
(A) ₹76, ₹80 and ₹98
 ₹98
(B) ₹80, ₹76 and ₹98
∵ Hence option ‘B’ is correct.
(C) ₹76, ₹98 and ₹80
(D) ₹80, ₹98 and ₹76

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09. A sum of ₹25400 was lent out in two Category of Number Number of
personnel of staff
1
parts, one of 12% and the other at 12 %. staff in in the year-
2
the year- 1995
If the total annual income is ₹3124.2, the
1990
money lent at 12% is _____.
Data 18 25
(A) ₹15240 (B) ₹25400 preparation
(C) ₹10160 (D) ₹31242 Data control 5 8

Operators 18 32
09. Ans: (C)
Programmers 21 26
Sol: Overall rate of interest
Analysts 15 31
3124.2
100  12.3% Managers 3 3
25400
Total 80 135
st 2nd part
1 part
1 What is the increase in the sector angle for
12% 12 %
2
operators in the year 1995 over the sector
angle for operators in the year 1990?
12.3%
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1
0.3%
0.2% 10. Ans: (A)
Sol: Sector angle for operators in the year 1990
 The sum will be divided in the ratio 18
  360  81
0.2:0.3 (or) 2:3 80
Sector angle for operators in the year 1995

2
 The sum lent at 12% = 25400 32
5   360
135
= ₹10160.
= 85.33
≃85%
10. The following question is to be answered
on the basis of the table given below. ∴ Required difference = 85– 81 = 4

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Q. 11 – Q. 35 carry one mark each. 12. Ans: 0.628 [Range: 0.58 to 0.65]
Sol: The flux through the contour
11. Assume that excess carriers have been

is  = max =  B. dS
C
generated uniformly in a semiconductor to m = Bz(r2)Wb

a concentration of 1016/cm3 at t = 0. The d m dr
v  2Bz r
forcing function generating the excess dt dt
carriers turns off at t = 0. Assuming the = –2(0.01)(0.1)(–100)
excess carrier life time p = 10–9s .The = 0.628volt
excess carrier concentration at t = 3ns is
________  1014 cm 3 .
13. If directional derivative of  = 2xz – y2, at
11. Ans: 4.978 [Range: 4.5 to 5.5] the point (1, 3, 2) becomes maximum in
Sol: Excess carrier concentration with respect the direction of a , then magnitude of a
to time is given by is ________
 t / p
p(t) = p(0) e
9
13. Ans: 7.48 [Range: 7.4 to 7.5]
/ 109
 1016  e 310
Sol: Given  = 2xz – y2
= 4.9781014/cm3
  
  i j k
x y z
12. A uniform and constant magnetic field of  2z i  2 yj  2x k
10mWb/m2 is directed along the z-axis of

a rectangular co-ordinate system. A  Required direction vector = a = () at
circular contour in the xy plane centered (1, 3, 2) = (4i  6 j  2k )

at the origin has a radius that is decreasing
at 100 m/s. Given the initial radius of Magnitude of a = 16  36  4
100mm, the induced emf (in volt) in the = 56
path as a function of time is _______ = 7.48

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14. A sinusoidal carrier is frequency The drain current (in mA) with  = 0 is
modulated by a sinusoidal signal with the _____(Assume   0.5 V and F  0.5V )
frequency deviation of 10 kHz. If the
message signal frequency is 5 kHz, then 15. Ans: 31.44 [Range: 31 to 32]
the fraction of carrier power Pf c to the Sol: 

VTH  VTHO   2 F  VSB  2 F 
total power Pt is _______  0.5  0.5 2  0.5  1  2  0.5
(Given that J0(2) = 0.224, J0(5) = –0.178 = 0.707V
& J0(8) = 0.172)
Since VG = VD, the device is in saturation
14. Ans: 0.0501 [Range: 0.0490 to 0.0510] 1 W
I D   n C ox  VGS  VTH 
2
Sol: Given f = 10kHz and fm = 5kHz 2 L

1
f 10k   1m 100  1.5  0.707 
2
  2 2
fm 5k
= 31.44Ma
=2
A C2 2
Pfc  J 0 2
2
16. A numerical solution of the equation
2
A
Pt  C
f x   x  x  3  0 can be obtained
2
using Newton - Raphson method. If the
Pfc
 J 2  0.0501
2
0 starting value is x = 2 for the iteration then
Pt
the value of x that is to be used in the next
step is _____
15. Consider the following circuit.
+ 16. Ans: 1.69 [Range: 1.4 to 1.8]
VD Sol: Given f  x  = x+ x -3= 0 and x0 = 2

–
+ + 1
VG VS f1(x) = 1 +
2 x
– –
Newton - Raphson formula is

VS = 1V, VG = VD = 2.5V, n Cox = f x n 
x n 1  x n 
1 mA/V2,
W
 100, VTHO  0.5V . f 1 x n 
L
f x 0  z2  z
 x1  x 0  18. Given Xz   3 ; | z | 1 , then
f 1 x 0  z  3z 2  3z  1
= 2
2  2 3  x(n) value at n = 2 is ______
 1  18. Ans: 4
1  
 2 2 z 1  z 2
Sol: Xz  
= 1.6939 1  3z 1  3z  2  z  3
1 – 3z–1 + 3z–2 – z–3)z–1 + z–2(z–1+4z–2+-----

17. Consider the following circuit. The z–1–3z–2+3z–3–z–4
4z–2–3z–3+z–4
behaviour of parallel circuit with the 4z–2–12z–3+12z–4–4z–5
power factor of _____ lagging
I1 I2 X(z) = z–1 + 4z–2 + ------
+ 1Ω 3Ω Apply inverse z-transform
1203oV
–
j2Ω –j4Ω n  n 0   z  n 0
x(n) = (n – 1) + 4(n – 2) + ------

17. Ans: 0.8 [Range: 0.77 to 0.83] x(2) = 4
Sol: Total admittance
1 1 19. A control system is represented by the
Y  Y1  Y2  
Z1 Z 2
block diagram shown in figure. The
1 1 1  j2 3  j4
    nominal values of the parameters are
1  j2 3  j4 5 25
K1 = 1 and K2 = 10. Then Sensitivity of
5  j10  35  j4 8  j6 
Y  Ʊ the transfer function with respect to K1 is
25 25
_____
 8   6 
Y     j  R(s) + +
 25   25  K1 K2 C(s)
– –
Y = G – jB
10/25
6/25
 19. Ans: 0.5
8/25 Sol: Transfer function,
cos = 0.8 Cs   K 1  K 2   10K 1 
   
0.8 lagging power factor. R s   1  K 1  1  K 2   11  11K 1 

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 T / T   K1  T  10iy
STK1        + –
 K1 / K1   T  K1 
iy
K1 1011  11K1   10K1 11
   5Ω 10Ω
 10K1  
 
11  11K1 2 
15A
 11  11K1 
 
= 
11
 
  STK1 
11
 0 .5
 11  11K 1 
K1 1
22 21. Ans: 4.5
Sol: Va
V 10iy
20. A butter worth LPF is to meet the +–
following specifications pass band ripple iy
= 1dB for   4rad/sec and stop band 5Ω 15A 10Ω
attenuation  20 dB for   8 rad/sec.

The minimum order required for
butterworth filter is ______ By KCL at node ‘V’
20. Ans: 5 V V  10i y
  15  2V  V  10i y  150
Sol: Given p = 1dB, p = 4rad/sec, s = 20dB 5 10
and s = 8 rad/sec 3V – 10iy = 150
10 0.1 s dB  1  V

log  0.1 dB  3V  10   150  V  150 Volts
5
1 10
p
 1
n V
2   and i y   30 A
log s  5
 
 p
Power delivered by the dependent source
100.120   1
log  0.11
 1   10i  V 
Pd = VaId  10i y  y
1  10
 
2 8  10 
log 
4
 1030  150 
 10  30 
= 4.289  5  10 
= 300(15) = 4500 Watts
21. In the given circuit, the power (in = 4.5kW
kiloWatts) delivered by the dependent
source is_______

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22. Simplify the following Boolean BW of VSB signal = 5MHz + 1MHz
expression F  XY  XYZ  XY  XY  = 6 MHz

BW of the DSB-SC signal = 2W
and the number of literals in the simplified
= 10 MHz
expression are______
So, the BW saving is 4 MHz.
22. Ans: 0
Sol: F  XY  XYZ  XY  XY 

24. The asymptotic magnitude plot of a
 XY  YZ  XY  X Y  Y  minimum phase system is shown in
figure. The transfer function of a given
[∵ distributive law A + BC
system is
= (A + B)(A + C)]
M(dB)
 XY  Z  XX  Y 
–20dB/decade
 XY  Z.X1  Y  [ A  A  1] +20

 XY  Z.X1  Y 
0
[ A  A ] 0.1 1 10 30 –40dB/decade
 XY  Z.X  0 10s

(A)
[∵ A(1+B) = A, A.A  0 ] (s  1)(s  10)(s  30)
3000s
(B)
23. A base band signal band limited to 5 MHz (s  1)(s  10)(s  30)
is to be transmitted using VSB
3000s 2
modulation. The percentage of vestige (C)
(s  1) 2 (s  10)(s  30)
bandwidth allowed is 20% of USB 300s
(D)
bandwidth. The bandwidth saving (s  1)(s  10)(s  30)
(in MHz) due to VSB modulation when
compared to DSB-SC modulation is 24. Ans: (B)
_______ Sol: Calculations for initial slope
23. Ans: 4 M 2  M1 20  0
 S S
Sol: Given W = 5 MHz log 2  log 1 log 1  log 0.1
BW of USB is 5 MHz 20
 S  20 dB / dec
BW of vestige is 20% of 5 MHz = 1 MHz 0 1

Transfer function,
(A) V0
Ks
G s Hs   0.7V
(1  s)(1  s / 10)(1  s / 30)
Calculations for K: 0 Vin
–0.7V
M 0.1  20 log K  20 log 
0 = 20logK – 20log0.1
0 = 20logK – 20 (B) V
20 = 20logK  K =10 0
–
10 s
G s Hs   0.7V 0 0.7 Vi
(1  s)(1  s / 10)(1  s / 30) V n
3000 s

(s  1)(s  10)(s  30)
(C)
V
0
0.7
0 V Vi
25. Consider the following circuit. The diode
– n
forward drop and base-to-emitter forward 0.7V
drop is considered to be 0.7V.
[VBE ( ON )  VD ( ON )  0.7V] . Sketch the (D) V0
transfer characteristics?
0 Vi
+V n
I 25. Ans: (A)

Q1 Sol: Vin VB1 V0
0V 1.4V 0.7V
+ –0.7V 0.7V 0V
Q2 RL V0
+ – V0
 Vin
– 0.7V
–V
0 Vin
–0.7V

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26. For the function f(x, y) = x 2  y 2 , the T0 = Q2⊙Q0

point (0, 0) is
CLK P.S FF Inputs N.S
(A) a local minimum
Q2 Q1 Q0 T2 T1 T0 Q2 Q1 Q0
(B) a saddle point
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
(C) a local maximum
2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
(D) not a stationary point
26. Ans: (B)
Sol: Given f x, y   x 2  y 2 28. A system is described by the impulse
 f x  2x, f y  2y and response h(n) = (–1)nu(n). The difference
f xx  2, f xy  0, f yy  2 equation of the inverse of this system is

(A) y(n) + y(n–1) = x(n)
Consider fx = 0 and fy = 0
(B) y(n) – y(n–1) = x(n)
 2x = 0 and –2y = 0
(C) y(n) = x(n) + x(n–1)
  0, 0  is a stationary point
(D) y(n) = x(n) – x(n–1)
At (0, 0), f xx f yy  f xy   4  0
2
28. Ans: (C)

 f(x, y) has neither a maximum nor
Sol: Given h(n) = (–1)nu(n)
minimum at (0, 0).
1 1
(a ) n u (n ) 

Z.T
Hz  
27. A synchronous counter built using T flip- 1  az 1
1  z 1
flops, the flip-flop inputs are T2 = Q2Q1;

1 Yz 
H inv z    1  z 1 
T1 = Q1 Q0; T0 = Q2⊙Q0. Determine the Hz  Xz 
counter state after 2 pulses if the present

Y(z) = X(z) + z–1X(z)
state is 110.
(Assume Q2 as MSB, Q0 as LSB)
Apply inverse z-transform
(A) 000 (B) 110
(C) 100 (D) None y(n) = x(n) + x(n–1)
27. Ans: (A)
Sol: T2 = Q2  Q1 ; T1 = Q1  Q0;


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29. In the following circuit, the thevenin's 30. Consider a CMOS inverter with C = 5fF,
voltage and resistance looking into VDD = 2V and propagation delay tp =
terminals p & q respectively are. 10ps. Find the energy-delay product when
6 the inverter is operated at its theoretical
p
maximum possible operating frequency.
6
+ (A) 10  10–26 J-s (B) 20  10–26 J-s
Vx 12
+ 5A – (C) 10  10–15 J-s (D) 20  10–15 J-s
– 2Vx
q 30. Ans: (A)
(A) 40V, 6 (B) 60V, 12 1
Sol: EDP  CVDD
2
tp
2
(C) 40V, –12 (D) 60V, –6
1
 5  10 15  2   10  10 12
2
29. Ans: (D) 
2
Sol: V-I method
= 100  10–27 = 10  10–26 J-S
I p 6 Vx
6 31. The bit rate of a system is 40 kbps. To

5A +
V 12 Vx correct the errors in transmitted bits, a
2Vx + – (7, 4) block code is used. The output of
–
the coder again passed through the 16-
q QAM modulator. If the raised cosine
By KCL at Vx
pulse with 100% excess bandwidth is
V  2Vx V
I x 5 x used, then the bandwidth of the QAM
6 12
signal is
 Vx V  2Vx  60  Vx
I 5 x  (A) 35 kHz (B) 17.5 kHz
6 12 12
12I = 60 – Vx (C) 20 kHz (D) 10 kHz
V  Vx 31. Ans: (A)
12I = 60 – (V – 6I) I
6
12I = 60 – V + 6I Sol: Bit rate = 40kbps
Vx = V – 6I
V = –6I + 60 40kbps output
CODER 16QAM
V = RthI + Vth
Vth = 60 Volts In a coder bit rate increases by a factor of
Rth = –6 n/k. Where k = 4, n = 7.
The bit rate at the output of the coder is (A) 180MHz (B) 60 MHz
7 (C) 0.6 MHz (D) 6 GHz
40 kbps  .
4 33. Ans: (B)
Sol: For the two current to be equal
The bit rate at the input of the modulator
|Jc| = |Jd|
= 70kbps.
E  jE
Raised cosine pulse with  = 1 is used &
    2f
M = 16
 10 2
R b 1    f    60MHz
Bandwidth  2 10 9
log 2 M 2  3 
36
70 103 1  1 70 103  2
 
log 2 16 4 34. In a counter type ADC the clock
= 35 kHz. frequency is 1 MHz and threshold voltage
is 10 mV. The DAC has full scale output
of 20.46V and resolution of 10 bits. Find
32. A continuous random variable X has a
the conversion time for analog input of
probability density function
3.728V.
f(x) = ex , 0 < x < . Then P(X > 2) is
(A) 1023µs (B) 511.5µs
(A) 0.1353 (B) 0.2354
(C) 190µs (D) 187µs
(C) 0.2343 (D) 1.1353
34. Ans: (D)
32. Ans: (A) 20.46 20.46
Sol: Step size =   20mV.
 210  1 1023
Sol: P(X > 2) =  f ( x)  dx
2
Given Vin = 3.728V, then Vd has to be =
 x 
e 3.728 + 10mV
=  e  x dx 
2
1 2
Vd = 3.728 + 0.01 = 3.738V
= e 2  0.1353
3.738
  186.9 = 18710
20  10 3
33. A material has  = 10–2S/m and  = 3o. = 0101110112
At what frequency will the conduction Conversion time is  1871µs = 187µs.
current equal the displacement current?
: 18 : PRE‐GATE_2020
35. The solution to x2y11 + xy1 – y = 0 is Q. 36 – Q. 65 carry Two marks each.

(A) y = C1x2 + C2 x–3
36. An ideal MOS capacitor has boron doping
(B) y = C1 + C2x–2
concentration of 1016/cm3 in the substrate.
C2
(C) y = C1 x + When a gate voltage is applied a depletion
x
region width of 0.3m is formed with a
(D) y = C1 x + C2 x4
surface potential of 0.1V. Given that 0 =
35. Ans: (C)
8.854  10–14 F/cm and the relative
Sol: Put ln x = t so that x = et and
permitivities of silicon and SiO2 are 12
dy d2y
let x  Dy , x 2 2 = D(D –1) y and 4 respectively. The voltage drop(in
dx dx
d mV) in the oxide layer, if the thickness of
where D = 0
dt
oxide layer is 100 A is _______
Given differential equation is Eox

E
ES
x2y11 + xy1 – y = 0
 D(D–1)y+ Dy – y = 0 ox s
 (D2 – 1) y = 0 O S x
tox xd
Consider Auxiliary equation f(D) = 0
36. Ans: 20 [Range: 19.8 to 20.1]
2
D –1=0
1
Sol: s  x d Es
 D = 1, –1 are different real roots 2
 The general solution of given 2 s 2  0.1 2
Es   = V/m
equation is xd 0.3m 3
C2 ox Eox = s Es
y = C1et + C2e–t = C1 x +
x
s 12 2
E ox  E s   V / m = 2V/m
 ox 4 3
0
ox = Eox tox = 2V/m  100 A
1
 2V 6
 100  10 10 m
10 m
= 20mV
37. The circuit is under steady state for t < 0, For t > 0, S is opened, R-C source free
the switch is opened at t = 0. The value circuit
of i(t) (in milliamperes) at t = 4msec is 30
________. i(t)
+ it 
t=0 30 25F V
40 – C 2 50
S i(t)
+ i t 
 80V 25F
2 50
For Req
I 30
37. Ans: 294.303 [Range: 292 to 296]
i(t)
Sol: it 
V
40 t=0 30 2 50
S i(t)
+ i t 
 80V 25F
2 50
 = ReqC

For t < 0, S is closed at t = 0 i t 
I  i t 
Circuit is in steady state condition and 2
i t 
capacitor acts as open circuit  I
2
Vo 30
V
 I
40 i(t) 80  2
+ i t 
 80V Vo
2 50
V
 R eq   160
I
By KCL at V0,
Voltage across capacitor is given by,
V0  80 it  V  80 it 
 it    0  0 t
40 2 40 2 VC ( t )  V0 e  64e  250 t
V0  80 1  V0 
   0
40 2  80  VC ( t ) 64e 250 t
i( t )  
80 80
4V0 – 320 + V0 = 0  5V0 = 320 V
V0 = 64 Volts  i( t ) |t 4 m sec  0.8e 1  294.303 mA

: 20 : PRE‐GATE_2020

38. In the following circuit, the MOSFETs (OR)

used are of enhancement mode and
operating in saturation region. If all the +
MOSFETs are identical and by neglecting Vgs 2 g m 2 Vgs 2
the channel length modulation, the low –
V  +
frequency small signal gain  0  is Vin  Vgs1 g m1 Vgs1
 Vin 
–
______ V0
+
+VDD Vgs 3 g m3 Vgs3
–
M2
From the above diagram
+ M1
Vin  V0 g m1 Vgs1  g m3 Vgs3
–
 Vgs  Vgs  g m  g m  g m  g m  ____(1)
M3
1 3 1 2 3
By KVL, Vgs1  Vin  V0 _______(2)
V0  Vgs3 _____(3)
38. Ans: 0.5 [Range: 0.49 to 0.51]
Sol: Apply Equation (2) and (3) in equation (1)
Vin – V0 = V0
1 1
|| r02 
gm2 gm2  Vin = 2V0
m1 V0 1
+    0.5
V0 Vin 2
 Vin
– 1 1
|| r03 
g m3 g m3 39. Consider two 4-ary constellation plots as
shown in figure below:
2(t)
V0 i d1 1 / g m 3 

Vin Vgs1  i d1 1 / g m3   a 
i d1 1 / g m  1
  1(t)
i d1 1 / g m   i d1 1 / g m  2 –a a
 
 0.5 –a

: 22 : PRE‐GATE_2020
2(t) x1
cos 45 =
r
r  r  2 x1  x1  r / 2
45
1(t)
y1
sin 45 =
r
 r  2 y1  y1  r / 2
1(t) and 2(t) form ortho normal basis
functions. It is known that the average
Average energy of the second
energy taken by both the constellation
1  r2 r2  2
plots is same. If a = Kr, then the value of constellation plot =  4     r
4 2 2
K is _____ [where K is a positive
constant]
Since average energy of both the
39. Ans: 0.707 [Range: 0.7 to 0.71]
constellation plots are same
Sol: Average energy of the first constellation
 2a2 = r2
1
plot =  4[a2 + a2] = 2a2 1
4  a r  a  0.707 r
2
Considering the circular constellation plot
(x1,y1)
y1 r
45
x1
40. The system shown below has second order response with a damping ratio of 0.5 and a settling
time with  2% tolerance is 0.5 sec. Then the value of K1 is _____
+ + 100 1
R(s) K1 C(s)
– – 1  0.2s 20s
K2

40. Ans: 10.24 [Range: 10 to 11]

Cs  100K 1 / 20s1  0.2s  100K 1
Sol:  
R s  100K 2 100K 1 20s1  0.2s   100K 2 20s   100K 1
1 
1  0.2s  20s1  0.2s 
Cs  100K 1 100K 1
  2
R s  20s  4s  2000K 2 s  100K 1
2
4s  s2000K 1  20   100K 1
CE 4s 2  s2000K 1  20   100K 1  0
CE s 2  S500K 1  5  25K 1  0
Given Data:  = 0.5, ts = 0.5 sec

4 4
 2% t s   0.5 
n 0.5  n
 n = 16 rad/sec
256
2n  25K 1  K 1   10.24
25
Vbe
VT
41. The transistors shown obey a non linear relation IC = IS e where VT is the thermal voltage
equal to 25mV and IS is the reverse saturation current. If  is large, then the value of output
voltage V0 (in milli volt) is ______
Q1
R
– R
+
10V R
– + –
V0
Q2 +
R
R
R
–
+
1V
– +

: 24 : PRE‐GATE_2020

41. Ans: 57.56 [Range: 57 to 58] t 2

 y t   2 x   
Sol: Here Ve2 = –VBE2, Ve1 = –VBE1  3 3
V0 = Ve2 – Ve1 = Vbe1 – Vbe2 t 
But, given yt   Ax  C 
I  B 
= VT ln  C1 
 IC 2  Then A = 2
10 / R  B = 3
= VT ln  = 25m ln[10]
 1 / R  C=
2
V0 = 57.56 mV 3
1
A+B+C= = 0.333
3
42. Consider the signals x(t) & y(t) as shown
43. Consider a CMOS inverter for which VDD
below. Then y(t) expression interms of
= 2V, Vtn = |Vtp| = 0.6V, n = 2p and
t 
x(t) as yt   Ax  C  . Then the value n Cox = 100A/V2, L = 0.15m and
B 
W
of A + B + C is _____    2 . The transistors are matched.
 L n
y(t)
x(t) The output resistance (in k ) of the
4
2 inverter in the high output state is _____
43. Ans: 3.571 [Range: 3 to 4]
t t
–1 1 –1 5 Sol: Since PMOS and NMOS devices are
matched, the output resistance in the high
42. Ans: 0.333 [Range: – 0.30 to –0.35]
output state will be same as output
Sol: y(t) is amplitude scaled by 2 it is also
resistance in the low output state i.e. rDSp
folded, expanded & shifted version of x(t)
= rDSn
y(t) can be expressed as y(t) = Ax(t + )
t = –1 of x(t) corresponds to t = 5 of y(t) The output resistance of the inverter in the
t = 1 of x(t) corresponds to t = –1 of y(t) low output state is

1
rDSn 
W
5 +  = –1  n Cox   VDD  Vtn 
 L n
1 2
   &  1
3 3  = 3.571k
100  10  2  2  0.6 
6
– +  = 1
rDSn = rDSp = 3.571k

: 26 : PRE‐GATE_2020

44. Consider a base band signal band limited  Power of noise at output of Rx is
16
to 5 kHz. The modulation scheme is DSB- 2f m  N 0   4 N 0  2f m
4
SC. The modulated signal s(t) is = 4  2  10–10  2  5  103
transmitted through a channel, which is = 8 W
modelled using AWGN having two sided
NOTE: Z(t) = Ac cos(2fct)
PSD of 10–10 W/Hz. The Coherent
A c2
receiver is used to demodulate the R ZZ    cos2f c 
2
message signal from the modulated signal, RXX() RYY()
as shown in the figure below. SXX(f) SYY(f)
s( t )  n ( t ) y(t)
DSBSC
Ideal LPF 
f0 = fm Ac cos[2fct]
A c2
R YY    R XX  R ZZ    R XX   cos2f c  
2
A c2
  SYY f   SXX f  f c   SXX f  f c 
4
4 cos(2fct)
The power of the noise component (in 45. Consider the differential equation
W) at the output of receiver is _____ dy 2
+ 2xy = e-x with initial condition
44. Ans: 8 [Range: 7.95 to 8.05] dx
Sol: y(0) = 1. The value of y(1) is _____.
PSD of noise at the input of Rx

45. Ans: 0.7357 [Range 0.73 to 0.74]
N0
2 dy 2
Sol: Given + 2xy = e -x …….. (1)
f dx
–fc–fm –fc+fm 0 fc–fm fc+fm
with y(0) = 1 …….. (2)
e
2x dx 2
PSD of noise at output of Rx  I. F. = = ex
 N 0 N 0  42  Now, the general solution of (1) is

 2  2  4 
   2 2
 e . e dx + c
2
 y. ex =
x -x
0 fm f
–fm 2
 y. ex =x+c …….. (3)
: 28 : PRE‐GATE_2020
Using (2), (3) becomes 47. Ans: 600
1=0+cc=1 Sol: CE 1  G (s)H(s)  0

2 2 K s  40 1
y=x e-x + e-x CE 1  .
ss  10 s  20
0
2
y = (x + 1) e-x CE s(s  10)(s  20)  K (s  40)  0
 y(1) = 2  e-1 = 0.7357 CE s 3  30s 2  sK  200  40K  0
CE:- s3 + 30s2 + s(K + 200) + 40K = 0
46. The surface integral  ( F . n ) dS
s
over the
s3 1 K+200
2
s 30 40K
surface S of the sphere x2 + y2 + z2 = 9,

s1 
30K  200  40K 

where F = (x+y) i + (x+z) j + (y+z) k  30 
0
and n is the unit outward surface normal, s 40K
yields ________.
For marginal stable
46. Ans: 226.08 [Range: 226 to 227]
     (30K + 6000 – 40K) = 0
Sol: F  x  y  i  x  z  j  y  z  k
10K = 6000

div F  1  1  2 K = 600
  
 F.n dS   div F dx dy dz (By Gauss
S V
divergence theorem) 48. The value of the double integral
  2 dx dy dz
8   y / 2 1  2x  y  

   dx dy , using the

0  y/2 
2  
= 2  volume of the sphere
4  2x  y  y
 2  3 = 72  = 226.08
3 substitution u =   and v = is
3  2  2
______.
47. Consider a control system with

48. Ans: 4
K s  40  1
G s   , Hs   . 2x  y
ss  10  s  20 Sol: Given u = and v=
y
2 2
The value of ‘k’ for which the system will
dy
oscillate is ______  du = dx, dv = and dy = 2 dv
2

y 
If x =
2
then u=0  2Sinc2f 4Sinc4f df

y  t t
If x =  1 then u=1   rect rect dt
2

2 4
If y = 0 then v=0 t
rect 
If y = 8 then v=4 2
1
8
 2y 1  4 1
  2x  y  
   2  
  dx dy    2u du dv  4
0
 2y  v0 u 0 –1 0 1 t
t
rect 
49. Given F.T of x(t) is X(f) = 4
1
8Sinc(2f)Sinc(4f). Then the value of
x(t) at t = 0 is _____
–2 0 2 t
49. Ans: 2
Sol: Using plancheral’s theorem t t
rect rect 
 
2 4
 x1 t x 2 t dt   X1 f X 2 f df 1
 
t
Arect  AT Sinc(fT)
T –1 0 1 t
 t t
  2   4  1 1dt  2
8Sinc(2f)Sinc(4f)= [2 Sinc(2f)][4Sinc(4f)] 
1
rect   rect  dt
50. Two Johnson counters of 2-bit and 3-bit are connected parallely as shown in the following
figure. The initial value of the counter is ABCDE = 00001. The modulus of the counter is _____
JA A JB B JC C JD D JE E
KA A KB B KC C KD D KE E
CLK

: 30 : PRE‐GATE_2020
50. Ans: 15
Sol: In the given figure
J A  A.B  A  B JB  A J C  D  E  DE JD  C JE  D
KA  A  B KB  A K C  DE KD  C KE  D
CLK JA KA JB KB JC KC JD KD JE KE A B C D E
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
2 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0
3 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
4 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1
5 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
6 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
7 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
8 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
9 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
10 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
11 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
12 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
13 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
14 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
15 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
So, the modulus of the counter is 15
51. A hollow rectangular wave guide with dimensions satisfying the condition a > b > a/2, is to be
used to transmit a signal at carrier frequency of 6 GHz. The cut off frequency of the dominant
TE mode is lower than the carrier by 25% and that of the next mode is at least 25% higher than
the carrier. Then the narrow dimension (in cm) is ____.
51. Ans: 2
Sol: For m = 1 and n = 0 (TE10 mode) and v = c (hollow guide)
c
fc 
TE10 2a
Denote carrier frequency as fo = 6 GHz

fc = 0.75fo = 0.756 GHz = 4.5 GHz.
TE10
We have
c 3  108
a   3.33 cm.
2  fc 2  4.5  109
TE10
If b is chosen such that

a > b > a/2 the second mode will be
TE01, followed by TE20
fc = 9 GHz [As the carrier frequency is less than cut-off frequency. So, TE20 mode will not
TE 20
propagate]
c
for f c =
TE 01 2b
fc = 1.25fo = 7.5 GHz
TE 01
we get
c 3  108
b   2cm
2f c 2  7.5  109
TE 01
52. Consider a p-type semiconductor at T = 300K, with carrier concentrations of p0 = 1015/cm3,

n0 = 105/cm3 and ni = 1010/cm3. In non-equilibrium assume that the excess carrier concentrations
are n = p = 1013/cm3. Determine quasi-Fermi energy levels
(A) Quasi Fermi level for holes (EFp) remains the same as equilibrium Fermi level (EF) but
quasi Fermi level for electrons (EFn) will be below intrinsic level (Ei) by 0.1796eV.
(B) Quasi Fermi level for holes (EFp) remains the same as equilibrium Fermi level (EF) but
quasi Fermi level for electrons (EFn) will be above intrinsic level (Ei) by 0.1796eV.
(C) Quasi Fermi level for holes (EFp) remains the same as equilibrium Fermi level (EF) but
quasi Fermi level for electrons (EFn) will be below intrinsic level (Ei) by 0.2993eV.
(D) Quasi Fermi level for holes (EFp) remains the same as equilibrium Fermi level (EF) but
quasi Fermi level for electrons (EFn) will be above intrinsic level (Ei) by 0.2993eV.
: 32 : PRE‐GATE_2020
52. Ans: (B)

Sol: n = n0 + n  n
p = p0 + p  p0
Since p  p0, EFp is same as EF
n  n  n   
EFn – Ei  KTn    KTn  0   KT n 
 ni   ni   ni 
 1013 
 0.026  n  10 
 10 
= 0.1796eV
Since EFn – Ei > 0  EFn lies above Ei by 0.1796eV
53. In the following logic circuit, find the minimum number of clock pulses required to obtain the
A = B output HIGH of digital comparator.
Initially both counters are cleared and A < B output is high.
MSB
Q3
Mod-10
CLK Ripple Q2
Up counter Q1
(1) LSB
Q0 A3
Mod-10 4-bit
Ripple A2
Digital
Up counter A1
comparator A>B
(2) A0
A=B
1 B3 A<B
0 B2
0 B1
1 B0
(A) 9 (B) 17
(C) 18 (D) 88

53. Ans: (B)

Sol: Here CLK of up counter (2) is Q0 of up counter(1).
CLK Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 A3 A2 A1 A0 B3 B2 B1 B0 A=B
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
4 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
5 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
6 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
7 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
8 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
9 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
11 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
12 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
13 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
14 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
15 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
16 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
17 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
18 1 0 0 0
54. The transistors Q1 and Q2 are similar and +VDD

neglect early effect. The small signal RD
V0
 V0 
voltage gain   is –100. Using Q2
 Vin  CF
miller’s approximation, find the input
Q1
capacitance Cin (Neglect all other +
Vin 
–
capacitances). Assume the transistors
Cin
operate with the same bias current.
(A) CF (B) 2CF (C) 11CF (D) 101CF
: 34 : PRE‐GATE_2020
54. Ans: (B) (A) 45o (B) –45o

Sol: Cin = CF (1 + A) (C) 135o (D) –135o
iC 55. Ans: (C)
1 +
1 V Sol:
C1 I j
+ + Q1 gm2
 Vin Vbe1 – Ic IR
– –
–j2 Vc 2Ω
Vs
RD
IR = 5A
Q2
IC = jCVC = 590o
IL = I = IR + IC = 5 + j5 = 5 245o
Rin2 VL = jLIL = j5 245o = 5 2135o
1

gm2 VC = 100o
 Voltage across capacitor lags the
VC1 i 1 / g m 2   1 / g m
  A  C1  = –1
Vin i C1 1 / g m1  1 / g m voltage across inductor by 135o.
–A = –1
4 2 1 3
A=1
56. Given matrix [A] = 6 3 4 7  , then the
 
Cin = CF (1 + A) = CF (1 + 1) = 2CF 2 1 0 1 
 x1 
55. For an AC circuit as shown in figure, what x 
system AX = O, where X =  2  has
is the phase angle of voltage across  x3 
 
capacitor lags the voltage across the  x4 
inductor
1
H (A) no solution
4
(B) a unique solution
1 (C) only one independent solution

Vs
F 100 V 2Ω
8 (D) two linearly independent solutions
 = 4rad/sec

56. Ans: (D) 57. Ans: (C)

 4 2 1 3 Sol: Given that E(A) = 0, E(B) = 0,
Sol: Given A = 6 3 4 7   2A   2B  1
2 1 0 1 
RXX(t1,t2) = E[X(t1)X(t2)]
R2  4R2  6R1 ;
R3  2R3  R1 = E[[(A + 1)cos(t1)
4 2 1 3  + Bsin(t1)][(A+1)cos(t2)
~ 0 0 10 10  + Bsin(t2)]]
0 0  1  1
RXX(t1,t2) = E[(A+1)2]cos(t1)cos(t2)
R3  (10)R3 + R2
+ E[B2]sin(t1)sin(t2)
4 2 1 3  + E[(A+1)]Bcos(t1)sin(t2)
~ 0 0 10 10
+ E[B(A+1)]sin(t1)cos(t2)
0 0 0 0 
 (A) = 2 E[A+1]2 = E[A2 + 2A + 1]

 Number of linearly independent = E[A2] + 2E[A] + E[1] = 2
solutions
E[(A+1)B] = E[AB] + E[B]
= Number of variables – Rank of A
= E[A]E[B] + E[B] = 0
=4–2=2
E[B2] = 1.
Substituting all the values in RXX(t1,t2)

57. Consider the random process X(t)
= (A + 1) cos(t) + Bsin(t). Where A RXX(t1,t2) = 2cos(t1)cos(t2)
and B are independent random variables + sin(t1)sin(t2)
both having zero mean and unit variance.
The auto correlation function RXX(t1, t2) is
(A) cos(t2 – t1)
58. The open loop transfer function of a
(B) sin(t1 – t2) K (s  2)
system is G (s)H(s) 
(C) 2cos(t1)cos(t2) + sin(t1)sin(t2) (s  1) 2
(D) cos(t1)sin(t2) + sin(t1)cos(t2) The Nyquist plot for this system is

: 36 : PRE‐GATE_2020
(A) K 2  4
Im M 

2  1 
   
 = 0+  2 tan 1   180  tan 1   
0
Re   2 
2K
 
  = 180 – tan–1  2  – 2 tan–1()
(B)   0 ; 2K180
Im Direction is clockwise
   ; 0  90 
 = 0+
Re
2K 0
2K
180o
 = 0+ 0
–90o
(C) Im
59. Let x(n) = {3,4, 5,6} . The step interpolated


 = 0+
Re signal h(n) = x(0.5n–1) is ______
2K 0
(A) {3,0, 4 ,0,5,0,6,0}

(B) {3,3, 4 ,4,5,5,6,6}


(D)
Im (C) {3,3,4,4, 5 ,5,6,6} `

(D) {3,4,5, 6 ,3,4,5,6}


Re 59. Ans: (B)

0
Sol: x(n – 1) = {3, 4 , 5,6} = y(n)

n
h n   y   3,3, 4,4,5,5,6,6
2 
 
58. Ans: (A)
if we apply step interpolation
K ( j  2)
Sol: G ( j)H( j) 
( j  1) 2


: 38 : PRE‐GATE_2020
60. A lossless transmission line is operating at Nearest location of the stub from the load
a frequency of 1 GHz connected to an is
unmatched load producing a voltage
s 

4

    cos 1  K  
reflection coefficient of 0.5 300. If a
  
short circuited stub is connected in      cos 1 0.5
4  6 
parallel to this line for providing
impedance matching, then the optimum   
   
4  6 3
length and nearest location of the stub
 5 5
from the load respectively are  
4 6 24
(A) 3.41cm & 12.5 cm
 s  6.25 cm
(B) 1.70 cm & 6.25 cm
(C) 3.41 cm & 6.25 cm
61. Consider the following circuit
VDD
(D) 1.70 cm & 12.5 cm
60. Ans: (C) D

Sol: Given: frequency, f = 1 GHz
C
c 3 1010
   30cm
f 110 9
B
Reflection coefficient, K  0.5 30 0
A
|K| = 0.5
Y
c
  300 (or )
6
A B C D
Optimum length of the stub:
 1 K 2  In the given 4-input NOR gate, if the
 1  
 t  tan   width of NMOS transistors are W, then
2  2K 
  the widths of PMOS transistors to obtain
  1  0.52   equal rise and fall times with n  2p is

1
 tan    0.713
2  2  0.5  2 1
(A) 4W (B) W
4
 t  3.41cm
1
(C) 8W (D) W
8
61. Ans: (C) 63. In the following 2-bit synchronous

Sol: Since n  2p, the series combination of up/down counter using T-flip flops
4 PMOS devices must present resistance if m = 1
equal to that of an NMOS transistor, then  It should act as an ‘up counter”
Wn  p  if m = 0
  Wp  n Wn  2W
Wp  n p  it should act as a “down counter”
 Width of PMOS transistor w, x, y, z are functions of m ,which of the

= 4(2W) following is correct.
= 8W 1 T0 Q0 T1 Q1
CLK
62. The annual precipitation data of a city is
I0 w
normally distributed with mean and 4:1
I1 x
MUX y
I2
standard deviation as 1000 mm and I3 z
200 mm, respectively. The probability that
Q1 Q0
the annual precipitation will be more than (A) w = y = m, (B) w  y  m
1200 mm is xzm x=z=m
(A) 0.1587 (B) 0.3174 (C) w = y = 0 (D) w = y = m
xzm x  z 1
(C) 0.3456 (D) 0.2345
63. Ans: (B)
62. Ans: (A)
Sol:
Sol: Let X = annual precipitation
P.S Input N.S FF Inputs
We know area under normal curve in the
Q1 Q0 m Q1 Q0 T1 T0
interval ( – ,  + ) = 0.6826
0 0 0 1 1 1 1
where  is mean and  is standard
0 0 1 0 1 0 1
deviation
0 1 0 0 0 0 1
 P(800 < X < 1200) = 0.6826
0 1 1 1 0 1 1
Required probability = P(X > 1200) 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 0.6826 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
=
2 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
= 0.1587 1 1 1 0 0 1 1

: 40 : PRE‐GATE_2020
 T0 = 1 65. The far field of a certain antenna is given

T1 = Q0⊙m 150 2
by E  sin V / m , then the total
i.e if Q0 = 0  T1 = m r
if Q0 = 1  T1 = m. average power (in Watt) radiated is
Then Io = I2 = m i.e w = y = m (A) 100 (B) 200

I1 = I3 = m i.e x = z = m (C) 400 (D) 375
65. Ans: (B)
64. We wish to sample a signal of 1 sec 2
2  E
duration, band-limited to 50Hz & Sol: Prad    r 2 sin dd
0 0 2 o
compute the DFT of the sampled signal
2 2
 150  r 
with spectral spacing f. The number of   2 sin 5 d ------ (1)
 r  2 o  0
zeros needed to be Padded to reduce the

Finding integration part
spacing to 0.5f, using the minimum
 
 1  cos  sin d

2
sampling rate to avoid aliasing if we use  sin  d 
5 2
0 0
radix-2 FFT are
(A) 100 (B) 156 Let cos = t
(C) 28 (D) 256  sind = –dt
64. Ans: (B) For  = 0  t = 1 and for  =   t= –1
Sol: Given signal duration = 1 sec So, now
 1  t    dt    2t 
1 2 1
fm = 50 Hz & fs = 2fm =100 Hz 2 2
 t 4  1 dt
t 1 t 1
and N = (fs) (signal duration) = 100  1 1 1
 t3   t5  16
 2      t 1 
1
= 100
f  3 1  5 1 15
and f = s  1 Hz
N Now equation (1) becomes,
To reduce spectral spacing to
2 16
 150   200W
2
f Prad 
 0.5Hz , we require 200 samples. 2  120 15
2
So, N = 256 (for FFT)
Available number of samples = 100
 Number of Padding zeros = 256 – 100

= 156


PRE GATE 2020 Electronics & Communication Engineering: General Aptitude

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PRE GATE 2020 Electronics & Communication Engineering: General Aptitude

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PRE‐GATE‐2020

Electronics & Communication Engineering

GENERAL APTITUDE 03. Choose the most appropriate word from

02. The question below consists of a pair of

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Number of 5-paise coin = 7x = 710 = 70 paragraph.

Number of 25-paise coin = 12x

Q. 6 – Q. 10 carry Two marks each.

become an active participant. (A) South-east

07. Ans: (D) 08. Ans: (B)

He starts walking from back of his house Total profit = ₹254

(i.e) towards west now, the final position

4 months, A withdraws half his capital 153

concern is ₹254, how can the profit be 196

(D) ₹80, ₹98 and ₹76

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(C) ₹10160 (D) ₹31242 Data control 5 8

Sector angle for operators in the year 1995

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ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

11. Assume that excess carriers have been

generated uniformly in a semiconductor to m = Bz(r2)Wb

12. A uniform and constant magnetic field of  2z i  2 yj  2x k

10mWb/m2 is directed along the z-axis of

circular contour in the xy plane centered (1, 3, 2) = (4i  6 j  2k )

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the fraction of carrier power Pf c to the Sol: 

Sol: Given f = 10kHz and fm = 5kHz 2 L

+ 16. Ans: 1.69 [Range: 1.4 to 1.8]

VD Sol: Given f  x  = x+ x -3= 0 and x0 = 2

Newton - Raphson formula is

1 – 3z–1 + 3z–2 – z–3)z–1 + z–2(z–1+4z–2+-----

x(n) = (n – 1) + 4(n – 2) + ------

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= 1dB for   4rad/sec and stop band 5Ω 15A 10Ω

attenuation  20 dB for   8 rad/sec.

10 0.1 s dB  1  V

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22. Simplify the following Boolean BW of VSB signal = 5MHz + 1MHz

expression F  XY  XYZ  XY  XY  = 6 MHz

Sol: F  XY  XYZ  XY  XY 

 XY  Z.X  0 10s

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I 25. Ans: (A)

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26. For the function f(x, y) = x 2  y 2 , the T0 = Q2⊙Q0

f xx  2, f xy  0, f yy  2 equation of the inverse of this system is

28. Ans: (C)

flops, the flip-flop inputs are T2 = Q2Q1;

counter state after 2 pulses if the present

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6 31. The bit rate of a system is 40 kbps. To

35. The solution to x2y11 + xy1 – y = 0 is Q. 36 – Q. 65 carry Two marks each.

Given differential equation is Eox

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38. In the following circuit, the MOSFETs (OR)

By KVL, Vgs1  Vin  V0 _______(2)

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