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REPORT ON SUB SOIL INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED FOR THE

CONSTRUCTION OF PROPOSED RCC BRIDGE AT CH. 5.45 KM OF PMGSY –
III ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO MANSUKA KANUPAT G.P.
OFFICE VIA JAYNAGAR.

For,
M/s. Roy Enterprise

Detailed investigations of the soil formations at the site for the construction of proposed
Bridge for the client, were conducted by M/s. SS Associates, 501, Rajdanga Main Road,
Kolkata – 700 107.The field investigation consisted of making three numbers of boreholes
of 30 m , 30 m and 28 m depth respectively, collecting of soil samples at various elevations
and conducting standard penetration tests inside the bore holes. The samples so obtained
were subjected to laboratory analysis in soil Mechanics and foundation Engineering
Laboratory. The Field soil investigation were conducted during the period from 15.03.2021
to 17.03.2021.

1. INTRODUCTION

A RCC Bridge has been proposed to be constructed AT CH. 5.45 KM OF PMGSY –

III ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO MANSUKA KANUPAT G.P.
OFFICE VIA JAYNAGAR.
They requested M/s. SS Associates, 501, Rajdanga Main Road, Kolkata – 700 107 to
undertake soil investigation work at the proposed site. The investigation comprised of
sinking three nos. of Bore Holes of 30 m, 30 m and 28 m respectively, conducting Field and
Laboratory Test and Analysis of soil data for the design and construction of the said
structure.

The field work was completed on 17 th March, 2021, and the relevant laboratory tests were
conducted with the undisturbed and disturbed soil samples. The objective of the soil
investigation work was to make 3 nos. Bore – Holes at specified location, including taking
out disturbed and undisturbed soil samples at various depth, maintaining necessary
driving records of standard penetration Tests at various elevations identifying the depth of
water table, testing soil samples for identification of soil layer and evaluating the soil
properties for preparation of detailed report with recommendation thereof. The report has
been prepared after careful study of the subsoil condition exisisting at the site, indicates the
type of foundation and bearing capacity thereof for the proposed construction.
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2.0 OBJECT

The primary object of the said investigation were –

1. To study the sub – soil characteristics in details by soil boring upto a max. depth of
30.0 m. in one location and 30 m & 28 m in the other two locations.

2. Carrying out in – situ testing within the bore holes as well as collection of
undisturbed and disturbed soil samples and rock samples if it is found within 30.0 m.
depth.

3. Carrying out laboratory tests on undisturbed soil samples and rock samples (if found)

4. Make recommendation for the suitable foundation / foundation system that may be
needed for the proposed building keeping the economic point in view regarding the
same.

In arriving the above, the investigation was scheduled as include following :

1. Determination of maximum depth of fill, if any.

2. Determination of water table, as could be recorded during the period of field
investigation.
3. Suitability of various types of foundation designs, namely shallow foundation and
deep foundation, if needed.
4. Allowable bearing capacity of such shallow foundations.
5. Load carrying capacities of various types of foundation designs.
6. Settlement characteristics of all types of foundation designs.
7. General technical observations, in connection with the field investigation and
laboratory test results.

An attempt is made , in this report to draw technical observations regarding the above, in
addition to a detailed field and laboratory findings.
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3.0 SITE

The site of the proposed Bridge is situated at CH. 5.45 KM OF PMGSY – III
ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO MANSUKA KANUPAT G.P.
OFFICE VIA JAYNAGAR.
The site was more or less leveled ground approximately same with the exisisting road
level. As decided by the consultant it was planned to make three nos. of bore holes at
different locations as shown by client.

4.0 FIELD SOIL EXPLORATIONS

For the purpose of exploration of sub – surface soil deposits, three bore holes were sunk
at specified location as shown in bore hole location plan in Fig 1. The bore hole were
sunk as per IS 1892 code of practice for sub-surface investigation for foundation. During
progress of boring, undisturbed soil samples were collected at suitable intervals and
whenever soil stratum change, Standard Penetration Tests are also conducted within bore
holes at regular intervals as per 2131 – Method of standard Penetration Test for soils.

For field work, boring plant and field test equipment were mobilized on 15.03.2021 and
after completion of work the same were demolished on 17.03.2021.

4.1 BORING

Boring through the soil was carried out using 150 mm dia Augar followed by Bentonite.
Boring technique adopted using manually operated equipment with winch and part length
casing. Bentonite solution of adequate density was seldom used for stabilization of bore
holes.

Wash – Boring technique was adopted . S.P.T. values were taken in suitable intervals.

4.2 COLLECTION OF REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES :

Disturbed samples are collected from Augar , cutting shoe the undisturbed samples and
split spoon of standard penetrometer. The samples logged , labeled depth wise and placed
in polythene bags.

Undisturbed samples recovered at specified intervals from each strata by means of a open
driver samplers. The internal dia of the tube be about 100 mm. The dimension of the
cutting shoe is so adjusted to achieve an area ratio of 25 % thereby minimizing
disturbance of soil during sampling. The undisturbed samples recovered in the lowest
tube was waxed at either end.
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All the samples were shifted to the laboratory for identification and testing. General
identification and specification was performed as per IS 1428 – 1870.

4.3 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST

The Standard Penetration Tests as per IS : 2131 were conducted at regular intervals in the
bore holes. At the desired depths of cleaned bore holes, the tests were conducted with
standard split spoon sampler of 50.8 mm outer diameter and 35 mm inner diameter. The
sampler is an open ended cylinder which splits longitudinally into two halves. These two
halves are held together by a cutting shoe at the lower end a coupling which connects the
sampler to the drill rod. The split spoon was driven through 45 cm into the ground at the
required level in the bore hole, with the help of standard Penetrometer if 65 Kg falling
freely from height of 75 cm. The total number of blows required to drive the second and
third 15 cm of penetration was recorded as the SPT or N – Value.

At the end of test, disturbed soil samples from split spoon were collected in bags with
proper labels and stored for general identification and classification tests and in
preparation of bore log.

4.4 GROUND WATER LEVEL :

The ground water levels in the bore holes were recorded, and their positions have been
given in bore logs. These levels of ground water are likely to change with the seasonal
variation.

5.0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS :

For the purpose of proper identification and classification of soils collected during field
investigations, and also for determining various properties of these soils , the following
laboratory tests, on representative and undisturbed soil and water samples were
conducted in the soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Laboratory.

a) Natural Moisture Content

b) Bulk and Dry Density
c) Particle Size Analysis
i. Sieve Analysis
ii. Hydrometer Analysis
d) Index properties
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e) Specific gravity of soils

f) Triaxial Shear tests
g) Consolidation tests.

All the laboratory tests were conducted as per the relevant Indian Standard codes of
practice, and results presented in bore log Tables.

5.1 PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS:

The particle size analysis of soil samples were conducted as per IS 2720 ( part 4). For the
purpose of this test dry soil samples were prepared as per IS : 2720 (part – 1). The soil
fractions passing 4.75 mm IS Sieve and retained on 75 micron sieve were analyzed by
sieving. 200 gms. of these soil fractions were passed through a set of sieves. The test was
performed with the use of a Mechanical Shaker. The soil fraction retained on each sieve was
carefully collected in containers , and the mass of each fraction was determined and recorded.
The percentage of soil fraction retained on each sieve was calculated.

For the purpose of determination of particle size distribution of soil fraction passing 75
micron IS sieve , Hydrometer tests were conducted. 50 gms of this oven – dried properly
prepared soil fraction was taken in an evaporation dish, freshly prepared sodium
haxametaphosphate solution was added, and then transferred to the cup of the mechanical
mirror using a jet of distilled water to wash all traces of soil out of evaporating dish. This soil
suspension of about 150 ml. was stirred well for 15 minutes. The suspension was then
transferred to the 1000 ml Measuring Cylinder. Particle care was taken to wash of all traces
of suspension adhering to the dispersion cup. The suspension was made exactly 1000 ml.
with distilled water before sedimentation analysis.

The test was conducted as per IS : 2720 ( part 4 ) with the use of a hydrometer. Hydrometer
readings were taken at specified intervals of time. After making necessary corrections for the
hydrometer reading corrected for meniscus. The percentage of fractions finer than the
corresponding equivalent particle diameter was also calculated.

The combined percentage of the total soil sample taken for particle size analysis have been
plotted against corresponding equivalent particle size in Figs.

5.2 INDEX PROPERTIES:

The index properties of the fine – grained soils were determined as per IS : 2720 ( part 5 &
6 ). The liquid limits (L.L) of the soil samples were determined as per standard procedure in
a liquid limit device, using a uniform paste prepared with about 120 gm. Soil sample passing
425 micron IS Sieve and distilled water . The plastic limits (P.L.) of soil samples were also
determined using 425 micron IS sieve and Water at which the mass becomes plastic enough
to be easily shaped into a ball, a portion of the soil sample in this plastic state was taken for
the plastic limit test. The soil was rolled between fingers and a glass plate till the threads
were of 3 mm diameter. The soil was kneaded together to a uniform mass. This process of
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alternate rolling and kneading was continued until the soil thread crumbled at exactly 3 mm
diameter. The moisture content of the pieces of crumbled soil thread was determined. The
average of several results was recorded as the plastic limit of the soil.

The specific gravity (Gs) of soil sample was determined in the laboratory as per IS : 2720
(part – 3)

All the index properties and specific gravity of soil samples have been presented in borelog
tables.

5.3 TRIAXIAL TESTS :

For the purpose of determining the shear strength parameters of soils, unconsolidated
undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted with undisturbed soil samples, in the
laboratory, in an electrically operated universal triaxial compression testing machine.

The undisturbed soil samples collected from the bore holes were found to be silty clay type
containing clay fractions under the field conditions for the proposed structure, the
classification induced excess pre pressure will not be instantaneous. For stability analysis of
foundation, under such situation , undrained shear strength parameters of soils should be
used. As such unconsolidated undrained triaxial shear tests of soil samples were conducted in
the laboratory to simulate the field conditions in a reasonable manner.

The test was conducted as per IS: 2720 ( Part – XI). Standard dimensioned test samples were
prepared by cutting the undisturbed samples collected in sampling tubes with the help of a
very thin knife and a specially designed thin walled sampler. Care was taken to maintain the
sample disturbance to the minimum. The test specimen was placed centrally on the pedestal
of the triaxial cell and covered with thin rubber membrane. The cell pressure during testing
was maintained with the help of a self-compensating mercury cell pressure unit. Tests were
performed on three test specimens prepared out of each undisturbed sample collected from
bore holes. Mohr – Coulomb envelopes for the samples tested have been presented in Figs.
The density (Y), moisture content (m) and triaxial test results of cohesion Cu and Angle of
internal friction Qu have been presented in bore log tables.
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5.4 CONSOLIDATION TESTS :

The consolidation properties of fine grained soils rejected for settlement analysis of
foundations, were determined from consolidation tests conducted in the laboratory as per IS :
2720 ( Part – XV ). The test specimen from undisturbed soil sample was obtained in test ring
of inner diameter 60 mm and height 20 mm. and tested in a consolidometer with two any
drainage. The normal loads of usual sequence were used and dial readings vs. log time and
void ratio vs. log pressure curves have been shown in Figs. The values of co – efficient of
volume compressibility mv for different stages of loading, and the ratio of compression index
Cc and (1 + eo), eo being the initial void ratio, have been given in bore log tables.

For sandy soils, consolidation tests are not conducted, as settlements in such deposits are
generally rapid. For such cases, settlement analysis of foundations are normally made using
standard penetration test values obtained from field tests.

6.0 SUB SOIL PROFILE AND PROPERTIES :

Three nos. boreholes, upto 30.0 m, 30.0 m and other upto 28.0 m below ground level were
made in pre – determined positions to asses the subsoil profile and the engineering properties
of soil to determine the foundation system for the proposed structure.

Depending on colour, constituents, consistency etc. revealed from two nos. boreholes, the
subsoil profile is found to be made with various deposits of silty clay to clayey silt followed
by dense to very dense yellowish grey fine to medium sand.

The major strata as obtained from BH-1 is described below.

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6.1 CLASSIFICATION OF STRATA

STRATUM - I

The topmost stratum is a deposit of Medium Blackish grey silty clay.

Engineering properties are as below,

NMC 35.50 %
LL 52
PL 31
Bulk Density 1.75 t/cum
Cu 2.4 t/sqm
Φ 0
Cc 0.18

Thickness of this stratum is 2.0 m. The‘N’ value recorded in this stratum varies from 3 to 4.

STRATUM – II

It is relatively a larger deposit of Soft Bluish / Brownish grey silty clay / clayey silt. The SPT
value varies from 3 to 4 . Thickness of this stratum as obtained from bore hole 1 is 3.0 m.

Engineering properties are as below,

NMC 32.75 %
LL 47
PL 28
Bulk Density 1.82 t/cum
Cu 2.50 t/sqm
Φ 0
Cc 0.17

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STRATUM – III
It is relatively larger deposit of Medium Brownish grey silty clay / clayey silt with gravels.
The SPT value varies from 6 to 14 . Thickness of this stratum is 7.0 m.
Engineering properties are as below,

NMC 29.50 %
LL 46
PL 27
Bulk Density 1.85 t/cum
Cu 2.80 t/sqm
Φ 0
Cc 0.17

STRATUM – IV
It is relatively larger deposit of Moderately stiff to stiff Mottled brown bluish grey bluish
grey silty clay with kankars. The SPT value varies from 15 to 18 . Thickness of this stratum
is 7.0 m.
Engineering properties are as below,

NMC 28.50 %
LL 44
PL 23
Bulk Density 1.88 t/cum
Cu 5.20 t/sqm
Φ 0
Cc 0.16
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STRATUM – V
It is relatively larger deposit of medium dense grey silty fine sand with few clay. The SPT
value varies from 20 to 22. Thickness of this stratum is 3.0 m.
Engineering properties are as below,

NMC 21.50%
LL NP
PL NP
Bulk Density 1.92
Cu 0
Φ 30

STRATUM – VI
It is relatively larger deposit of Very dense yellowish grey fine to medium sand. The SPT
value varies from 36 to 48. Thickness of this stratum is 8.0 m.
Engineering properties are as below,

NMC 18.50%
LL NP
PL NP
Bulk Density 1.93
Cu 0
Φ 31

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BORE LOG DATA SHEET
SITE : - CH. 5.45 KM
OF PMGSY – III ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO MANSUKA
KANUPAT G.P. OFFICE VIA JAYNAGAR.
Borehole : 1
Commenced on : 15.03.2021
Completed on : 15.03.2021
Field Nos. Samples Nos.
Test
Penetrometer 18 Undisturbed 3 ( NOTE :ALL DEPTHS MEASURED BELOW
(P) (U) GROUND LEVEL )
Disturbed 1
Description (D) Depth (m) Thickness Samples
Water ( W) (m)
From To Type Depth (m) SPT
Value ( N )
Medium Blackish grey silty 0.0 D.S 0.50
clay. 2.0 SPT-1 1.5 – 2.1 N=4

UDS-1 2.5-2.95
2.0 SPT-2 3.0-3.6 N=3
2.0 SPT-3 4.5-5.1 N=3
Soft Bluish / Brownish grey UDS-2 5.5-5.95
silty clay / clayey silt. 3.0
SPT-4 6.0-6.6 N=6
SPT-5 7.5-8.1 N=7
5.0 SPT-6 9.0–9.6 N=11
SPT-7 10.5-11.1 N=13

Medium Brownish grey silty 5.0 SPT-8 12.0-12.60 N=14

clay / clayey silt with 7.0 SPT -9 13.5-14.10 N=16
gravels. UDS-3 14.5-14.95
SPT-10 15.0-15.60 N=15
12.0 SPT-11 16.5-17.1 N=16
SPT-12 18.0-18.60 N=18

Moderately stiff to stiff 12.0 SPT-13 19.5-20.1 N=20

Mottled brown and bluish 7.0 SPT-14 21.0-21.60 N=22
grey silty clay with kankars. SPT-15 22.5-23.1 N=36
19.0 SPT-16 24.0-24.6 N=40
SPT-17 27.0 – 27.6 N=44
Medium dense grey silty 19.0 SPT-18 30.0-30.6 N=48
fine sand with few 3.0
clay.
22.0
Dense to Very dense 22.0
yellowish grey fine to 8.0
medium sand.
30.0

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BORE LOG DATA SHEET
SITE : - CH. 5.45 KM
OF PMGSY – III ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO MANSUKA
KANUPAT G.P. OFFICE VIA JAYNAGAR.
Borehole : 2
Commenced on : 16.03.2021
Completed on : 16.03.2021
Field Nos. Samples Nos.
Test
Penetrometer 16 Undisturbed 3
( NOTE :ALL DEPTHS MEASURED
(P) (U)
BELOW GROUND LEVEL )
Disturbed 1
(D)
Description Depth (m) Thickness Samples
Water ( W)
(m)
From To Type Depth (m) SPT
Value ( N )

UDS-1 2.5-2.95
SPT-1 3.0-3.6 N=4
Soft Bluish / Brownish SPT-2 4.5-5.1 N=3
grey silty clay / clayey
silt. 2.50 SPT-3 6.0-6.6 N=5
SPT-4 7.5-8.1 N=6
2.50 SPT-5 9.0–9.6 N=8
SPT-6 10.5-11.1 N=11
5.0 UDS-2 11.5-11.95
Medium Brownish grey SPT -7 12.0-12.60 N=13
silty clay / clayey silt.
5.0 SPT-8 13.5-14.10 N=15
UDS-3 14.5-14.95
7.0 SPT-9 15.0-15.60 N=16
SPT-10 16.5-17.1 N=17
12.0 SPT-11 18.0-18.60 N=19
Moderately stiff to stiff
Mottled brown bluish SPT-12 19.5-20.1 N=21
grey bluish grey silty 12.0 SPT-13 21.0-21.60 N=24
clay with kankars. 7.0
Medium dense grey 19.0 SPT-14 22.5-23.1 N=35
silty fine sand with few SPT-15 24.0-24.6 N=42
clay. 19.0 SPT-16 27.0 – 27.6 N=47
3.0 SPT-17 30.0-30.6 N=51
Dense to Very dense 22.0
yellowish grey fine to
22.0
medium sand.
8.0
30.0

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BORE LOG DATA SHEET
SITE :- CH. 5.45 KM OF PMGSY – III ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO MANSUKA
KANUPAT G.P. OFFICE VIA JAYNAGAR.
Borehole : 3
Commenced on : 17.03.2021
Completed on : 17.03.2021
Field Nos. Samples Nos.
Test

Penetrometer 17 Undisturbed 4
(P) (U)
Disturbed 1
(D)
Water ( W)
(NOTE: ALL DEPTHS MEASURED BELOW GROUND LEVEL)

Description Depth (m) Thickness Samples

(m)
From To Type Depth (m) SPT
Value ( N )
Soft to moderately stiff 0.0 D.S 0.50
greyish brown silty clay 2.50 SPT-1 1.5 – 2.1 N=2

UDS-1 2.5-2.95
2.50 SPT-2 3.0-3.6 N=3
Soft Bluish / Brownish 2.50 SPT-3 4.5-5.1 N=4
grey silty clay / clayey
2.50 SPT-4 6.0-6.6 N=5
silt mixed with fine
SPT-5 7.5-8.1 N=7
sand. SPT-6 9.0–9.6 N=8
5.0 SPT-7 10.5-11.1 N=12
UDS-2 11.5-11.95
Soft to moderately stiff 5.0 SPT-8 12.0-12.60 N=13
blackish grey silty clay
7.0 SPT -9 13.5-14.10 N=16
UDS-3 14.5-14.95
SPT-10 15.0-15.60 N=19
12.0 SPT-11 16.5-17.1 N=20
Moderately stiff to stiff SPT-12 18.0-18.60 N=20
12.0
Mottled brown bluish
7.0 SPT-13 19.5-20.1 N=22
grey bluish grey silty SPT-14 21.0-21.60 N=25
clay with kankars. 19.0
Medium dense grey 19.0 SPT-15 22.5-23.1 N=34
silty fine sand with few 3.0 SPT-16 24.0-24.6 N=41
clay. SPT-17 27.0-27.6 N=45
22.0
Dense to Very dense 22.0
yellowish grey fine to 6.0
medium sand
28.0

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DISCUSSION ON FOUNDATION WITH SOME NEMERICAL CALCULATIONS

The proposed structure for which the sub-soil exploration was carried out is a RCC
bridge. The loads coming on the foundation depends on type of structure, span of
bridge provided etc.

Case I ( at Abutment Location )

Suggesting Minimum 25.0 M long RCC cast in – situ pile with 1.5 m cut – off length below
EGL of borehole ( i.e 0.0 m ) , ultimate bearing capacity is given by as per IS: 2911-2010 as,
Qu= Ap ( 0.5 D γN γ + Pd N q) + αCAs+ ΣkPdi tan 𝛿 Asi

Where the notations are of usual meanings,

1.0 Location of Pile is nearby borehole 1, i.e., on abutment .

2.0 Effective length of pile = 25.0 m,
3.0 Cut off length = 1.50 m
4.0 Cut off level of Pile = (-) 1.50 m
5.0 Termination level of Pile = (-)28.0m

Putting values of diameter ‘D’ , we get different vertical pile load capacities as enclosed.

Case II ( at Pier Location )

Suggesting Minimum Effective 25.0 M long RCC cast in – situ pile with 1.5 m cut – off
length below EGL of borehole ( i.e (-)2.50 m ) , ultimate bearing capacity is given by as per
IS: 2911-2010 as,

Qu= Ap ( 0.5 D γN γ + Pd N q) + αCAs+ ΣkPdi tan 𝛿 Asi

Where the notations are of usual meanings,

1.0 Location of Pile is nearby borehole 3, i.e., pier location

2.0 Minimum Effective length of pile = 25.0 m,
3.0 Cut off length = 1.50 m
4.0 Cut off level of Pile = (-) 2.50 m
5.0 Termination level of Pile = (-)29.0m

Putting values of diameter ‘D’ , we get different vertical pile load capacities as enclosed.

 SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR BEARING CAPACITY FOR RAFT

FOUNDATION OF SIZE 20 M X 6.4 M, WITHOUT GROUND
IMPROVEMENT

The gross Ultimate bearing capacity for Raft foundation can be determined by the
equation as per IS 6403-1981 (Ref. NPTEL ADVANCED FOUNDATION
ENGINEERING-I)

Qu = CNcScDcIc + qNqSqDqIq + 0.5yBNySyIy for saturated clays with O=0 and

vertical loading condition, the above equation gives

Qu=(CuNcScdcic + qSq) /F.O.S

Where Cu = undrained cohesion (Note: Nc-5.14, Nq=1, and Ny = 0)

Here, Cu=2.25 T/Sqm (Minimum value considered of BH-1 and BH-2)

Raft Foundation Size (LXB) = 20m. x 6.4m

L- 20M, B- 6.4M
D-Depth of Foundation = 3.0 m
Nc = Bearing Capacity Factor = 5.14
Sc = Shape Factor= (1+0.2B/L) = 1.064
Sq = Shape Factor = (1+0.2B/L) = 1.064
Dc = Depth Factor= (1+0.4D/B) = 1.187
dq = 1 for for Φ < 10·

Ic= Inclination Factor = 1.0

Qu = 5.14x2.25x1.064x1.187x1.0+qSq = 14.28+1.75x3x1.064 = 20.19

Qallowable 20.19/2.5 = 8.08 T/sqm

  SAMPLE CALCULATION FOR SETTLEMENT, SIZE 20 M x 6.4 M. RAFT
FOOTING

Immediate settlement (Si)

Si = (qn x B x ( 1 – n2) x I)/E

Si = (8.08x 6.4 x 0.75 x1.5 x1000)/ (2.5x600) = 38.78 mm

As per clause 9.2.2.3 IS: 8009 (part I) - 1976
As the below the footing is predominantly cohesive in nature the total settlement
will almost be contributed by consolidation settlement.
Thickness of layer below the footing susceptible to consolidation settlement layer
For layer-I is considered as H1 = ( Layer I - Df ) = ( 6.0 - 2.5) = 3.50 m.

Increment pressure due to foundation load at the mid depth of layer is

Consolidation settlement = Sc = Mv x p x α x H
Where Mv = 0.0045 sq.m / mt (0.50-1.0) kg / sq.cm. Pressure range.
p = 20 x 6.4 x 8.08 / (6.4 + 20.0)² = 1.48 t/sq.m
H = 3.50 m., Mv = 0.0045 sq.m. / T
Therefore,
Sc = 0.0045 x 1.48 x 3.50 x 0.80 x 1000 = 18.64 mm. .

So, Total Settlement = Si + Sc = 38.78 + 18.64 = 57.42 mm

As per the technical specification the maximum permissible settlement for Raft
foundation on cohesive soil is 75mm.

Shallow foundations in the form of strip footings founded at (-)2.5 m. below the E.G.L. may
also be investigated in this case.

With such conditions, the following net safe bearing capacity values may be used for routine
design allowing permissible settlement of 7.5 cm.
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CALCULATION FOR LIQUIFACTION

(As per IS: 1893-2016)

a. Sub surface data

i) Stratum II at depth 2.50 m :

a) Depth of Water table considered = 0.00 m ( i.e at the surface )
b) SPT value N=4 ( as obtained from field work )
c) Percentage by weight passing IS Sieve no. 75 = 95%

j) Stratum III at depth 5.0 m :

d) Depth of Water table considered = 0.00 m ( i.e at the surface )
e) SPT value N=7 ( as obtained from field work )
f) Percentage by weight passing IS Sieve no. 75 = 94%

2.0 Total vertical overburden stress and effective vertical overburden stress

i ) Stratum II at depth 2.50 m :

σ at depth 2.50 m = 2.5x1.75 = 4.375 t/sqm

σ’ at depth 2.50 m = 2.5x0.75 = 1.875 t/sqm

ii) Stratum III at depth 5.0 m :

σ at depth 5.0 m = 2.5x1.75 + 2.50 x 1.82 = 8.925 t/sqm

σ’ at depth 5.0 m = 3.925 t/sqm

3.0 Stress reduction factor

i) Stratum II at depth 2.50 m :

rd = 1-0.00765x2.5=0.980

ii) Stratum III at depth 5.0 m :

rd = 1-0.00765x5.0 =0.961

4.0 Cyclic Stress ratio induced by earthquake :

i) For Stratum II at 2.5 m depth :

CSR = 0.65 (α max/g)( σ/ σ’) rd

=0.65 x 0.16 x (4.375/1.875) x 0.98 = 0.237
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SS ASSOCIATES

ii) For Stratum III at 5.0 m depth :

CSR = 0.65 (α max/g)( σ/ σ’) rd

=0.65 x 0.16 x (8.925/3.925) x 0.961 = 0.227

1.0 Cyclic resistance ratio CRR 7.5

i) For Stratum II 2.50 m depth :

N60 = NC60

Where N60 = 4 x 1 (As here C60 = 1) = 4

Again, (N1)60 = CN N60

Where, CN = SQRT (Pa/ σ’) = SQRT (10.13/1.875)= 2.32

So, (N1)60 = 4x 2.32 =9.29

From Fig. 8, for for (N1)60 = 9.29, CRR 7.5 = 0.18

ii) For Stratum III 5.0 m depth:

N60 = NC60

Where N60 = 7 x 1 (As here C60 = 1) = 7

Again, (N1)60 = CN N60

Where, CN = SQRT (Pa/ σ’) = SQRT (10.13/3.925)= 1.60

So, (N1)60 = 7x 1.60 =11.2

From Fig. 8, for for (N1)60 = 11.2, CRR 7.5 = 0.195

 17

SS ASSOCIATES

2.0 Cyclic resistance ratio

i)For stratum at 2.50 m depth :

CRR =CRR7.5 (MSF) K σ K α = 0.18x (10^2.24/6^2.56)x1.0x1.0 = 0.318

So, factor of safety against liquefaction = CRR/CSR= 0.318/0.237= 1.34

 Hence the stratum is not liquefiable.

ii) For stratum at 5.0 m depth :

CRR =CRR7.5 (MSF) K σ K α = 0.195x (10^2.24/6^2.56)x1.0x1.0 = 0.345

So, factor of safety against liquefaction = CRR/CSR= 0.345/0.22= 1.56

 Hence the stratum is not liquefiable.

 18

SS ASSOCIATES

CALCULATION FOR END BEARING RESISTANCE OF PILE AT ABUTMENT

LOCATION

Dia Stratu Cross Angle γ sub Nγ γ Pd Nq

of m Sectional Of (weightag sub End Total
Pile Area Internal e value) (At = Bearing End
tip
Of Pile Friction of
15xD Resistance Bearing
tips Pile x For Resista
) γsub( Internal nce
SQM. weight Friction Qu
age) Angle (T)
Qu
(KN)
(=Ap ( 0.5
D γN γ +
Pd N q))

1000 VI 0.786 30 8.7 22.4 9.3 130.5 20 2133.32 213.33

MM

1200
MM VI 1.131 30 8.7 22.4 9.3 156.6 20 3683.65 368.36
 19

SS ASSOCIATES

CALCULATION FOR SKIN FRICTION RESISTANCE OF PILE AT ABUTMENT

LOCATION

Dia Strat Laye Coh Adhesi Surfac Skin Co-eff γ sub Centre Pdi 𝛿 tan 𝛿 Skin
Of um r esion on e area Resista Of (Each of each = Resista Total Total Total
Pile Thic Factor of nce Earth Layer) Layer (Φ nce Skin Skin Skin
knes Pile For Pressu -3) For Resistan Resistan Resistan
s Shaft Cohesi re Intern ce (KN) ce ce
on al (T) (T)
Frictio
n

1000 I 0.50 24 1.00 1.57 37.68 1.0 7.5 0.25 1.88 0 0 0 37.68 3.77
MM
II 3.0 25 1.00 9.42 235.5 1.0 8.2 1.5 12.3 0 0 0 235.5 23.55

III 7.0 28 1.0 21.98 615.44 1.0 8.5 3.5 29.75 0 0 0 615.44 61.54
196.27
IV 7.0 52 0.75 21.98 857.22 1.0 8.8 3.5 30.8 0 0 0 857.22 85.72

V 3 0 1.0 9.42 0 1.0 9.2 1.5 13.8 27 0.51 66.29 66.29 6.62
VI 4.5 0 1.0 14.13 0 1.0 9.3 2.25 20.92 27 0.51 150.75 150.75 15.07

CALCULATION FOR SKIN FRICTION RESISTANCE OF PILE AT ABUTMENT

LOCATION

Dia Strat Laye Coh Adhesi Surfac Skin Co-eff γ sub Centre Pdi 𝛿 tan 𝛿 Skin
Of um r esion on e area Resista Of (Each of each = Resista Total Total Total
Pile Thic Factor of nce Earth Layer) Layer (Φ nce Skin Skin Skin
knes Pile For Pressu -3) For Resistan Resistan Resistan
s Shaft Cohesi re Intern ce (KN) ce ce
on al (T) (T)
Frictio
n

1200 I 0.50 24 1.00 1.88 45.12 1.0 7.5 0.25 1.88 0 0 0 45.12 4.51
MM
II 3.0 25 1.00 11.30 282.6 1.0 8.2 1.5 12.3 0 0 0 282.6 28.26

III 7.0 28 1.0 26.37 738.52 1.0 8.5 3.5 29.75 0 0 0 738.52 73.85
235.51
IV 7.0 52 0.75 26.37 1028.6 1.0 8.8 3.5 30.8 0 0 0 1028.6 102.86

V 3 0 1.0 11.30 0 1.0 9.2 1.5 13.8 27 0.51 79.54 79.54 7.95
VI 4.5 0 1.0 16.95 0 1.0 9.3 2.25 20.92 27 0.51 180.84 180.84 18.08
 20

SS ASSOCIATES

CALCULATION FOR SAFE VERTICAL LOAD CAPACITY OF PILE AT

ABUTMENT LOCATION

Abutment Minimum Effective Total End Total Skin Ultimate

Location Gross Length Bearing Friction Load F.O.S. Safe
Length Of Resistance Resistance Carrying Vertical
Of Pile Pile (T) (T) Capacity Load
(M) (T) Capacity
(T)

For 1000
mm 26.50 25.0 213.33 196.27 409.60 2.5 163.84
Dia Pile

For 1200
mm Dia 26.50 25.0 368.36 235.51 603.87 2.5 241.54
Pile
 21

SS ASSOCIATES

CALCULATION FOR END BEARING RESISTANCE OF PILE AT PIER

LOCATION

Dia Stratu Cross Angle γ sub Nγ γ sub Pd Nq

of m Sectional Of (weightag (At tip End Total
Pile Area Internal e value) of Pile = Bearing End
)
Of Pile Friction 15xD Resistan Bearing
tips x ce Resista
γsub( For nce
weight Internal Qu
SQM. age) Friction (T)
Angle

Qu
(KN)
(=Ap
( 0.5 D
γN γ + Pd
N q))

1000 VI 0.786 30 8.8 22.4 9.3 132.0 20 2156.90 215.69

MM

1200
MM VI 1.131 30 8.8 22.4 9.3 158.4 20 3724.37 372.43
 22
SS ASSOCIATES

CALCULATION FOR SKIN FRICTION RESISTANCE OF PILE AT PIER

LOCATION
Dia Strat Laye Coh Adhesi Surfac Skin Co-eff γ sub Centre Pdi 𝛿 tan 𝛿 Skin
Of um r esion on e area Resista Of (Each of each = Resista Total Total Total
Pile Thic Factor of nce Earth Layer) Layer (Φ nce Skin Skin Skin
knes Pile For Pressu -3) For Resistan Resistan Resistan
s Shaft Cohesi re Intern ce (KN) ce ce
on al (T) (T)
Frictio
n

1000 I
MM
II 1.0 25 1.00 3.14 78.50 1.0 8.2 0.5 4.10 0 0 0 78.50 7.85

III 7.0 28 1.0 21.98 615.44 1.0 8.5 3.5 29.75 0 0 0 615.44 61.54
198.21
IV 7.0 52 0.75 21.98 857.22 1.0 8.8 3.5 30.8 0 0 0 857.22 85.72

V 3 0 1.0 9.42 0 1.0 9.2 1.5 13.8 27 0.51 66.29 66.29 6.62
VI 7 0 1.0 21.98 0 1.0 9.3 3.5 32.55 27 0.51 364.87 364.87 36.48

CALCULATION FOR SKIN FRICTION RESISTANCE OF PILE AT PIER

LOCATION

Dia Strat Laye Coh Adhesi Surfac Skin Co-eff γ sub Centre Pdi 𝛿 tan 𝛿 Skin
Of um r esion on e area Resista Of (Each of each = Resista Total Total Total
Pile Thic Factor of nce Earth Layer) Layer (Φ nce Skin Skin Skin
knes Pile For Pressu -3) For Resistan Resistan Resistan
s Shaft Cohesi re Intern ce (KN) ce ce
on al (T) (T)
Frictio
n

1200 I
MM
II 1.0 25 1.00 3.768 94.20 1.0 8.2 0.5 4.10 0 0 0 94.20 9.42

III 7.0 28 1.0 26.376 738.52 1.0 8.5 3.5 29.75 0 0 0 738.52 73.85
237.86
IV 7.0 52 0.75 26.376 1028.6 1.0 8.8 3.5 30.8 0 0 0 1028.60 102.86

V 3 0 1.0 11.30 0 1.0 9.2 1.5 13.8 27 0.51 79.52 79.52 7.95
VI 7 0 1.0 26.376 0 1.0 9.3 3.5 32.55 27 0.51 437.85 437.85 43.78

23
 SS ASSOCIATES

CALCULATION FOR SAFE VERTICAL LOAD CAPACITY OF PILE AT PIER

LOCATION

Abutment Minimum Effective Total End Total Skin Ultimate

Location Gross Length Bearing Friction Load F.O.S. Safe
Length Of Resistance Resistance Carrying Vertical
Of Pile Pile (T) (T) Capacity Load
(M) (T) Capacity
(T)

For 1000
mm 26.50 25.0 215.69 198.21 413.90 2.5 165.56
Dia Pile

For 1200
mm Dia 26.50 25.0 372.43 237.86 610.29 2.5 244.11
Pile

24
 SS ASSOCIATES

TENSION CAPACITY OF PILE

LOCATION : ABUTMENT

( MINIMUM EFFECTIVE LENGTH =25.0 M )

Dia Minimum Effective Total Skin Buoyant Safe capacity

(mm) Gross pile pile Friction weight of Pile (T)
Length Length Resistance (T) (Ultimate
(m) (m) (T) Capacity /3.0
( From soil- +Buoyant Wt. of
structure Pile)
interaction)

1000 26.50 25.0 196.27 29.43 94.85

1200 26.5 25.0 235.51 42.39 120.89

25
 SS ASSOCIATES

TENSION CAPACITY OF PILE

LOCATION : PIER

( MINIMUM EFFECTIVE LENGTH =25.0 M )

Dia Minimum Effective Total Skin Buoyant Safe capacity

(mm) Gross pile pile Friction weight of Pile (T)
Length Length Resistance (T) (Ultimate
(m) (m) (T) Capacity /3.0
( From soil- +Buoyant Wt. of
structure Pile)
interaction)

1000 26.50 25.0 198.21 29.43 95.5

1200 26.5 25.0 237.86 42.39 121.67

26
 SS ASSOCIATES

LATERAL CAPACITY OF PILE

(As per Annexe C , Clause 6.5.2 of IS 2911(Part I , Section II):2010

CASE – I: For 1000 mm DIA Pile

EI = 3.14x (100)^4x295804/64 = 1.452x10^12 kg – cm^2 = 1.452 x 10^6KN-m^2

Stiffness Factor T= (EI/ηh )1/5 = ( 1.452 x10^6/(0.60x10^3)1/5 =4.75 m

Depth of fixity as per IS 2911 (Part 1)

Lf/T = 2.18
Lf = 2.18x4.75 = 10.35 m

According to IS: 2911 Part 1 Section II: 2010, Cl. C-4.2

H=Yx12EI/ (e+zf) ^3

Now, permissible deflection Y=10.0 mm, Li = 0 (cantilever length above ground/bed to the
load application), Lf=11.23 m

H=10x12x1.45x10^6/(10.35)^3x10^-3 KN = 15.69 T

CASE – II: For 1200 mm DIA Pile

EI = 3.14x (120) ^4x295804/64 = 3.011x10^12 kg – cm^2 = 3.011 x 10^6KN-m^2

Stiffness Factor T= (EI/ηh )1/5 = ( 3.011 x10^6/(0.60x10^3)1/5 = 5.49 m

Depth of fixity as per IS 2911 (Part 1)

Lf/T = 2.18
Lf = 2.18x5.49 = 11.97 m

According to IS: 2911 Part 1 Section II: 2010, Cl. C-4.2

H=Yx12EI/ (e+zf) ^3

Now, permissible deflection Y=12.0 mm, Li = 0 (cantilever length above ground/bed to the
load application), Lf=11.97

H=12x12x3.011x10^6/ (11.97) ^3x10^-3 KN = 25.28 T

 27

SS ASSOCIATES

LATERAL CAPACITY OF PILES

LOCATION: ABUTMENT

(MINIMUM EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 25.0 M)

Dia Minimum Gross pile Effective pile Lateral

(mm) Length ( m ) Length ( m ) Capacity (T)

1000 26.5 25 15.70

1200 26.5 25 25.28

LATERAL CAPACITY OF PILES

LOCATION: PIER

(MINIMUM EFFECTIVE LENGTH = 25.0 M)

Dia Minimum Gross pile Effective pile Lateral

(mm) Length ( m ) Length ( m ) Capacity (T)

1000 26.5 25.0 15.70

1200 26.5 25.0 25.28

 28

SS ASSOCIATES

RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

1. The sub – soil consists of different deposits of soft to stiff silty clay to clayey silt
followed by dense sand.

2. For heavy superstructure load RCC cast – in - situ pile is considered here.
Capacities of different sized pile is enclosed in tabular form within this report.

3. Minimum grade of concrete for structure should be as per latesr IS Codes.

4. Actual pile load capacities should be confirmed by pile load tests at site as per
latest IS Code.

5. Before commencement of concreting, it is suggested to check the consistency of

the virgin soil.

29
 SS ASSOCIATES

LABORATORY TEST RESULTS

B.H. Depth Water Bulk Liqui Plastic Sp.

Initial UCS Consolidati
below Conten Densit d Limit Grav void Shear on Grading
NO. Refere
nce
t y Limi
t
ity ratio Strength
e0
Cohesion Angle Cc Cc/1+e0 % % % %
Of Grav Sa Silt Clay
Fric el nd
tion

d % T/M3 % % T/sq m Deg.

I 2.5 35.50 1.75 52 31 2.67 0.95 2.2 2.40 0 0.18 0.092 5 53 42

I 5.5 32.75 1.82 47 28 2.68 0.92 2.3 2.50 2 0.17 0.088 6 48 46

I 14.5 28.50 1.88 44 23 2.68 0.90 5.00 5.20 0 0.16 0.084 1 7 42 50

I 30.0 18.50 1.93 NP NP 2.68 - 0 31 92 08

II 2.5 35.25 1.76 51 30 2.67 0.94 2.25 2.45 0 0.18 0.093 5 52 43

II 11.5 29.50 1.85 46 27 2.68 0.91 2.60 2.80 0 5 46 49

0.17 0.089

II 14.5 28.65 2.10 45 24 2.68 0.88 5.00 5.20 0 0.16 0.085 2 9 43 46

II 27.0 17.50 1.92 NP NP 2.68 - 0 30 90 10

III 2.5 34.95 1.74 53 32 2.67 0.96 2.40 2.40 0 0.18 0.092 4 50 46

III 11.5 30.50 1.73 45 28 2.68 0.93 2.00 2.15 7 0.17 0.088 7 49 44

III 14.5 27.85 2.10 44 22 2.68 0.89 5.00 5.10 0 0.16 0.084 1 8 43 48
 SS ASSOCIATES

CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. OBJECT 2

3. SITE 3

4. FIELD SOIL EXPLORATIONS 3

5. LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS 4

6. BORE LOG DATA SHEET 11-13

7. DISCUSSION ON FOUNDATION WITH CALCULATIONS (LIQUEFACTION

CALCULATION, SKIN FRICTION, LATERAL CAPACITY ETC.) 14 - 27

8. RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 28

9. LABORATORY TEST RESULTS 29

FIGURES AND GRAPHS

Fig 1 BORE HOLE LOCATION PLAN.

Fig 2 Bore Log Profile

Fig 3 Depth Vs. SPT Curves

Fig 4 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVE

Fig 5 e Vs. Log P CURVES

Fig 6 Mohr’s Circle

 REPORT ON SUBSOIL INVESTIGATION

FOR A PROPOSED RCC BRIDGE AT

CH. 5.45 KM OF PMGSY – III

ROAD FROM RAJAPUR BAMUNPARA TO

MANSUKA KANUPAT G.P. OFFICE VIA

JAYNAGAR.

CLIENT: M/S. ROY ENTERPRISE

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION BY :
SS ASSOCIATES

501, Rajdanga Main Road

KOLKATA – 700 107

PHONE : 94330 95080 ( M ), 87772 44375 (M)