Junior Six

Grammar Sheet

Verb to be

Verb to be
AFFIRMATIVE (+) He I am
She is You
It They are
We
NEGATIVE (-) He I’m not
She isn’t You
It They aren’t
We
INTERROGATIVE (?) Am I……?
Is he/she/it ……?
Are we/you/they ……?
SHORT ANSWERS Yes, he/she/it is. Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
No, he/she/it isn't. Yes, we/you/they are.
No, we/you/they aren't.

 We do not repeat the whole question in short answers. We only

use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the appropriate verb
form.
Is he a teacher? Yes, he is./No, he isn't. (NOT: Yes, he is a
teacher./ No, he isn't a teacher.)

 We use the long form of verb to be in positive short

answers.
Is Stephen your uncle? Yes, he is. (NOT: Yes, he's.)
1. Complete the sentences with: is, isn't, are, aren't.
 1. Peter_______ twelve. He is eleven.
2. How old _______ Bob?
3. Tom and Anna _______ French. They're Polish.
4. _______ John and Tony brothers?

2. Complete the questions, then answer them.

1. Are you from Spain?

No, I'm not. I'm from Bahrain.
2. _______ your best friend a boy? _________
3. _______ your parents teachers? _________
4. _______ your mum thirty? _________
5. _______ you twelve? _________
6. _______ your favourite colour red? _________

3. Fill in the gaps with am/'m/'m not, is/'s/isn't,

are/'re/aren't.

1. A: _______ your name Anna?

B: No, it_______. My name_______ Mary.
2. A: _______ you from Mexico?
B: No, I _______ from Bahrain.
3. A: _______ he twelve?
B: Yes, he_______.
4. A: _______ Sergio and Rosa from Spain?
B: No, they_______. They_______ from Portugal.
5. A: How _______ you?
B: I _______ fine, thanks.

4. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb to be.
James: Hi! My name 1) _______ James and I 2) _______ from the
UK.

Simon: Hello! I 3) _______ Simon and I 4) _______ from the

USA. This 5) _______ my friend Adam.

James: Hi, Adam! 6) _______ you from the USA?

Adam: No, I 7) _______ not. I 8) _______ from Poland.

James: How old 9) _______ you?

Adam: I 10) _______ twelve.

Verb have
Verb have got
got
AFFIRMATIVE (+) He I
She has got You
have got
It They
We
NEGATIVE (-) He I
She hasn’t got You
haven’t got
It They
We
INTERROGATIVE (?) Has he/she/it got ……?
Have I/we/you/they got……?

SHORT ANSWERS Yes, he/she/it has. Yes, I/we/you/they have.

No, he/she/it No, I/we/you/they
hasn't. haven't.

 We use the verb have got:

 To show that something belongs to somebody.
 They've got a DVD player.
 To describe characteristics of people.
She's got long hair.
 To talk about relationships.
Tom's got three brothers.
1. Fill in: have, haven't, has or hasn't.

1. A: Have Lucy and Maria got mobile phones?

B: Yes, they _______.
2. A: _______ you got a desk in your room?
B: No, I _______.
3. A: _______ her house got a garden?
B: Yes, it _______.
4. A: _______ your dad got a guitar?
B: Yes, he _______.
5. A: _______ they got a camera?
B: No, they _______.
6. A: _______ James got a cap?
B: No, he _______.

2. Put the words in order to form complete questions. Then

answer them.

1. you/got/bedroom/big/a/have?
Have you got a big bedroom? Yes, I have.
2. got/parents/have/car/a/your? _______________________
3. brother/you/have/a/got? ___________________________
4. house/garden/a/got/has/your? _______________________
5. best/got/friend/bike/has/your/a? ____________________

3. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs be

or have got.
A: Hi, I 1) 'm Jack. What 2) _______ your name?

B: My name 3) _______ David. I 4) _______ from Ireland. Where

5) _______ you from?

A: I 6) _______ from England.

B: 7) _______ you _______ any brothers or sisters?

A: Yes, I 8) _______ a brother. What about you?

B: No, I 9) _______ a brother, but I 10) _______ three sisters!

There is/are

Singular Plural
AFFIRMATIVE (+) There is a dog. There are two dogs.
There's a dog.
NEGATIVE (-) There isn't a dog. There aren't two dogs.

INTERROGATIVE (?) Is there a dog? Are there two dogs?

SHORT ANSWERS Yes, there is./ Yes, there are./

No, there isn't. No, there aren't.

 We use there is to list things in the singular.

There's a wardrobe, a mirror and a chair in my bedroom.
(NOT: There are a wardrobe, a mirror, and Jana chair in my
bedroom.)

 We use there are to list things in the plural. There are hasn't
got a short form.
There are five oranges on the table. (NOT: There're)
  In short answers, we use Yes, there is/are or No, there
isn't/aren't. We do not repeat the whole question.
Is there a desk in the classroom? Yes, there is. (NOT: Yes,
there is a desk in the classroom.)

1. Complete the gaps with: There is, There isn't, There are,
There aren't.

1. _______ some CDs on the table. (✔)

2. _______ a book on the table. (✔)
3. _______ any boxes on the any boxes floor. (X)
4. _______ some books in the bookcase. (✔)
5. _______ a bag on the table. (✔)
6. _______ a book on the chair. (X)
7. _______ some flowers in the vase. (✔)

2. Complete the dialogue with there is(n't)/are(n't) or is/are

there.

A: Do you like your new bedroom?

B: Yes, 1) There is a big bed in my room and 2) _______ two

windows.

A: 3) _______ a mirror?

B: No, 4) _______. But 5) _______ a wardrobe and 6) _______

rugs on the floor. 7) _______ rugs in your room?

A: No, 8) _______ . But 9) _______ a desk and two chairs.

Preposition of Place
  We use prepositions of place to say where somebody or
something is.

1. Look at the picture and underline the correct prepositions.

There is a table and two chairs 1) in/on the kitchen.

The table is 2) behind/in front of the window.
There's a picture 3) on/next to the wall. The sink is
4) under/between the window, 5) next to/between
the cooker and the fridge. The phone is 6)
near/opposite the door.

2. Look at the picture. Fill in the gaps with prepositions of

place:
This is Tom's room. Can you see him? He's 1) _______ a rug 2)
_______ the bed. Tom's mother is very angry with him. His clothes
are 3) _______ the bed. There are empty cans of cola 4) _______
the table, too. His toys are 5) _______ the floor, 6) _______ the
chair, everywhere! Where are his books? They are 7) _______ his
bed. Look at the picture 8) _______ his bed. It's so dirty! Oh Tom!
Clean your room!

Plurals

 Most nouns take -s to form the plural.

Chair → Chairs, Cup → Cups

 Nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o take –es to form the
plural.
Bus → Buses, Dress → Dresses, Brush → Brushes,
Beach → Beaches, Fox → Foxes, Tomato → Tomatoes
✶✶ Some nouns end in –o take –s to form the plural.
Radio → Radios, Video → Videos,
Photo → Photos, Piano → Pianos

 Nouns ending in a vowel + -y take -s in the plural.

Boy → Boys

 Nouns ending in a consonant + -y drop the -y and take -ies in

the plural.
Lady→ Ladies
 Nouns ending in –f or -fe drop the -f or -fe and take -ves in
the plural.
Leaf→ Leaves, Life → Lives
 Irregular Plurals
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Man Men Foot Feet
Woman Women Tooth Teeth
Child Children Mouse Mice

1. Write the words in plural in the correct box.

-s lady, leaf,books,
man, fox, ruler, piano, book, brush, potato, glass, nationality,
foxes,
-es mouse, child, tooth, woman, foot, bike, brother, scarf, country, radio
-ies ladies,
-ves leaves,
irregular men,

2. Put the word in brackets into the plural.

A: Wow! Your house is really nice!

B: Yes, my dad travels to different 1) countries (country) and he

buys things everywhere he goes. Those two 2) _______ (chair) are
from Brazil and these four 3) _______ (glass) are from Egypt.

A: Really? They're lovely. I like that rug with the picture of the
two 4) _______ (mouse) on it.

B: Yes, it's nice. It's from China. And look at these two 5) _______
(scarf) - they're from Bahrain.

A: They're beautiful.

B: Thanks. Come on - let's go and see the rest of the house!

Pronouns
 PERSONAL PERSONAL
POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE
SUBJECT OBJECT
ADJECTIVES PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS PRONOUNS
I me my mine
You you your yours
He him his his
She her her hers
It it its -
We us our ours
You you your yours
They them their theirs

 We use personal subject pronouns before verbs instead of

nouns or names. James is a vet. He is from Canada.
 We use personal object pronouns after a verb or a preposition.
Follow me, please. Look at her!
 We use possessive adjectives to show that something belongs
to someone or the relationship between two or more people.
We put possessive adjectives before nouns.
Are these your gloves? Jane is my sister.

 We use possessive pronouns to show that something belongs to

someone. We put possessive pronouns after the verb.
These sunglasses are mine.
1. Underline the correct item.

1. Is this your/yours ruler?

2. This blue eraser is my/mine.
3. I/My haven't got an MP3 player, but my/mine dad has got one.
4. Is that his/him jacket?
5. She/Her classroom is C2.
 6. Their/Theirs parents are teachers.
7. These aren't theirs/their bikes. Those are their/theirs.
8. This isn't we/our cat. Our/Ours is on the sofa.

2. Fill in the correct subject/object pronoun or possessive

adjective.

Dear Samantha,

1) My name is Laura and 2) _______ am 13 years old. I live in

Cardiff, Wales. I have one brother. 3) _______ name is Steve and
4) _______ is 10 years old. Have 5) _______ got any brothers or
sisters?

6) _______ best friends are Polly and Amy. They are sisters and
their house is opposite 7) _______. I go to 8) _______ house
every day after school and 9) _______ watch TV together. Polly
has got a TV in 10) _______ bedroom. Have you got a TV in 11)
_______ bedroom?

Write back soon and tell 12) _______ about 13) _______ family
and friends!

Laura

Question Words

 We use the following question words to ask about people,

places, things, etc.

QUESTION
USAGE EXAMPLE
WORD
Who/Whose People Who is John? He's my uncle.
Whose pencil is this? It's Cathy's.
 (possession)
What/Which Things What is your favourite sport?
Football. (unlimited choice)
Which bag is yours? The black one.
(limited choice)
Where Place Where is he from? He's from Poland.
When/ Time When does the train leave? At 10 pm.
How long (ago)/ How long does it take you to get to
How often/ work? About an hour.
What time How often do you play tennis?
Every week.
What time do you start school?
At 8 am.
How much Quantit How much flour do we need for the
y cake? Not much.
How many Number How many students are there in your
class? Thirty.
How Manner How are we getting to the city
centre? By bus.
Why Reason Why is Kate so happy? It's her
birthday today.
How old Age How old is your brother? Twenty.
1. Complete the exchanges with the correct question word.

1. A: Who is that?
B: It's Valerie.
2. A: _______ old is Tom?
B: He's thirteen.
3. A: _______ is your address?
B: 16, High Street.
4. A: _______ is Stephan from?
 B: He's from Poland.
5. A: _______ books are these?
B: They're Kate's.
6. _______ is he?
B: He's my uncle.
7. A: _______ time is it?
B: It's two o'clock.
8. A: _______ is your birthday?
B: 9th March.

2. Fill in the correct question words, then match the questions

to the answer.

1. _______ is she? ( _ ) a. He's from Poland.

2. _______ school does she go to? ( _ ) b. I'm 16 years old.
3. _______ is the Art lesson? ( _ ) c. Three times a week.
4. _______ is he from? ( _ ) d. Because he won first
prize.
5. _______ is he happy? ( _ ) e. In 10 minutes.
6. _______ old are you? ( _ ) f. She's my friend, Rosa.
7. _______ often does Mark go to the g. On foot.
gym? ( _ )
8. _______ does she go to school? ( _ ) h. Bridgeway School.

Adverbs of Manner

 We use adverbs of manner to describe how something

happens or how it is done. It rained heavily all day yesterday.

Form
 We usually form an adverb of manner by adding –ly to the
adjective. Quick → Quickly
  Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and take -y.
Probable → Probably
 Adjectives ending in consonant + -y drop the -y and take -ily.
Heavy → Heavily
 Adjectives ending in -l take -ly. Hopeful → Hopefully
 Some adverbs have a totally different form, or the same form
as the adjective: Good → Well, Fast → Fast, Hard → Hard,
Early → Early, Late → Late.
✶✶Adverbs of manner can be used in any position in the sentence;
at the front of the sentence, they give emphasis. She opened the
umbrella quickly. Quickly, she opened the umbrella.

1. Look at the adjectives in the list. Then write their adverbs

in the correct box.

carefully,
-ly careful, horrible, noisy, terrible, easy, quiet, grumpy, quick, simple
le → ly horribly,
consonant + -y → ily noisily,

2. Complete the sentences using the adverb formed from the

adjective in brackets.

1. He shouted _______. (LOUD)

2. Scientists can predict the weather _______. (EASY)
3. He shook his fist _______. (ANGRY)
4. He drove _______ because the road was icy. (SLOW)
5. It was raining _______. (HARD)

3. Choose an appropriate adjective from the list, turn it into an

adverb and complete the sentences.
happy, heavy, slow, lucky, good
1. It rained heavily in the night and it caused a flood.
2. A tree fell on the house, but_______ no one was hurt.
3. Drive _______ because there is ice on the roads.
4. She smiled _______ when she saw us.
5. I know the story of Mkunga Mburu very _______.

Order of Adjectives

 Adjectives tell us what somebody/something is like. They are

the same in the singular and the plural. They come before a
noun (gold bracelet), or after the verb to be (The train is
fast.).

 We do not usually use a long list of adjectives before a single

noun. A noun is usually described by one, two or three
adjectives at the most.

 Before adjectives + nouns, we normally have a determiner.

a, an, the, my, your, her, four, this, those, some, etc.
  When there are two or more adjectives in a sentence, they
usually go in the following order:

1. Put the adjectives in the correct order.

1. a(n) antique/wooden/beautiful desk a beautiful, antique,

wooden desk
_______________________________________.
2. a(n) French/expensive/gold necklace
_______________________________________.
3. a blue/cotton/nice T-shirt
_______________________________________.
4. a plastic/red/cheap cup
_______________________________________.
5. a(n) comfortable/Italian/old chair
_______________________________________.
6. a black/fashionable/silk dress
_______________________________________.
2. Put the adjectives in the correct order.

To: FlyFast Airlines

Subject: Lost suitcase
Dear Sir/Madam,
I flew back from Majorca last week and when I landed in the UK, my
luggage didn't arrive. It's a 1) black/rectangular/big bag with a 2)
metal/shiny zip. Inside are my clothes, a 3) plastic/green/cheap
toothbrush and a 4) blue/new cap. There are also some souvenirs,
including a 5) round/nice/wooden box and a 6) Spanish/
beautiful/gold bracelet. If you find my luggage, please contact me
on 020 1234 5678.

Yours faithfully,
Daniel Jones

Countable/Uncountable Nouns

 Countable nouns are nouns that we can count. They have both
singular and plural forms. We use a/an with singular countable
nouns. A lemon - Two lemons, An orange - Two oranges
 Uncountable nouns are nouns which we cannot count.
Some flour (NOT: one flour, two flours, etc). They usually have
only singular forms. These include: food: rice, butter, flour,
sugar, salt, etc. liquid: orange juice, milk, coffee, water, etc.
 We use some in the affirmative with either countable nouns in
the plural or with uncountable nouns. There are some oranges
in the fridge. There is some milk in the bottle.
 A/An + countable nouns (an apple)

Some + uncountable nouns (some ice)

Some + plural countable nouns (some lemons)

1. Which of these nouns are: Countable (C)? Uncountable (U)?

Ice ( __ ) Grapes ( __ ) Beef ( __ )

Orange ( __ ) Tea ( __ ) Chicken ( __ )
Rice ( __ ) Tomato ( __ ) Eggs ( __ )
Banana ( __ ) Cereal ( __ ) Peach ( __ )
Bread rolls ( __ ) Watermelon ( __ ) Fish ( __ )
Lemons ( __ ) Strawberries ( __ ) Milk ( __ )
Cheese ( __ ) Sugar ( __ ) Mineral water ( __ )
Nuts ( __ ) Coffee ( __ ) Salt ( __ )
Flour ( __ ) Potatoes ( __ ) Olive oil ( __ )

2. Fill in a, an or some. Then write C for countable or U for

uncountable nouns.

1. A bean C
2. _______ egg _______
3. _______ meat _______
4. _______ nut _______
5. _______ ice cream _______
6. _______ apple _______
7. _______ pineapple _______
8. _______ flour _______
9. _______ yoghurt _______