LAW
Refers to the whole body or system of law
Means a rule of conduct formulated and made
obligatory by legitimate power of the state
STATUTES
An act of legislature as an organized body,
expressed in the form, and passed according
to the procedure, required to constitute it as
part of the law of the land
PUBLIC STATUTE
Is one which affects the public at large or the
whole community.
PRIVATE STATUTE
Is one which applies only to a specific person
or subject.
PUBLIC STATUTE
a. GENERAL LAW
is one which applies to the whole state and
operates throughout the state alike upon all
the people or all of a class
b. SPECIAL LAW
is one which relates to particular persons or
things of a class or to a particular persons or
things of a class or to a particular community,
individual or thing
PUBLIC STATUTE
a. LOCAL LAW
is one whose operation is confined to a
specific place or locality, e.g.,
municipal ordinance
STATUTES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO
DURATION
a. PERMANENT STATUTE
Is one whose operation is not limited in
duration but continues until repealed.
b. TEMPORARY STATUTE
Is one whose duration is for a limited period of
time fixed in the statute itself or whose life
ceases upon the happening of an event.
MANNER OF REFERRING TO STATUTES
a. PUBLIC ACTS
statutes passed by the Philippine Commission
and the Philippine Legislature from 1901 to
1935
b. COMMONWEALTH ACTS
laws enacted during the Commonwealth from
1936 to 1946
c. REPUBLIC ACTS
laws passed by the Congress of the
Philippines from 1946 to 1972 and from 1987
to present
ENACTMENT OF STATUTES
HOW A BILL IS ENACTED INTO LAW?
LEGISLATIVE POWER OF CONGRESS
Section 1 of Article VI of
the Constitution
Legislative power is the
power to make, alter and repeal laws.
STEPS IN THE PASSAGE OF BILL INTO
LAW
A bill is a proposed legislative measure
introduced by a member or members of
Congress for enactment into law
It is signed by its author/s and filed with
the Secretary of the House.
It may originate from either the lower or
upper House, EXCEPT APPROPRIATION,
REVENUE OR TARIFF BILLS, BILLS
AUTHORIZING INCREASE OF PUBLIC
DEBT, BILLS OF LOCAL APPLICATION, AND
PRIVATE BILLS, which shall originate
exclusively in the House of Representatives.
FIRST AND SECOND READINGS OF BILLS
First Reading consists of reading the number
and title of the bill, followed by its referred to
the Committee for study
and recommendation.
On Second Reading, the bill shall be read in
full with the amendments proposed by the
Committee, if any, unless copies thereof are
distributed and such reading is dispensed
with.
- debates, pertinent motions, and
amendments.
- bill voted on second reading
Third Reading
Section 26 (2) Art. VI:
No bill passed by either House shall
become a law unless it has passed three
readings on separate days, and printed copies
thereof in its final form have been distributed
to its Members three days before its passage,
except when the President certifies to the
necessity of its immediate enactment to meet
a public calamity or emergency. Upon the last
reading of a bill, no amendment thereto shall
be allowed, and the vote thereon shall be
taken immediately thereafter, and the yeas
and nays entered in the Journal
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
 A bill approved on third reading by one
House is transmitted to the other House for
concurrence, which will follow substantially the
same route as a bill originally filed with it.
If the other House approves the bill without
amendment, the bill is passed by Congress
and the same will be transmitted to the
President for appropriate action.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE REPORTS
If the other House introduces
amendments and the House from which it
originated does not agree with said
amendments, the differences will be settled by
the Conference Committees of both
Chambers, whose report or recommendation
thereon will have to be approved by both
Houses in order that it will be considered
passed by Congress and thereafter sent to the
President for action.
3 VERSIONS OF A BILL
● VERSION FROM THE LOWER
HOUSE
● VERSION FROM THE SECOND
● VERSION FROM THE CONFERENCE
COMMITTEE
- final version and conclusive under the
Doctrine of Enrolled Bill
- the requirement of 3 readings on
separate days and printed copies thereof in its
final form distributed at least 3 days before the
passage DOES NOT APPLY TO Conference
Committee reports.
ENROLLED BILLED
DOCTRINE shall be entered in its Journal. The President
The signing of a bill by the Speaker of shall communicate his veto to any bill to the
the House and the Senate President and the House where it originated within 30 days after
certification of the Secretaries of both Houses the date of receipt thereof, otherwise, it shall
of Congress that it was passed are conclusive become a law as if he signed it."
of its due enactment.
A BILL PASSED BY CONGRESS BECOMES
AUTHENTICATION OF BILLS A LAW IN EITHER OF 3 WAYS
The lawmaking process in Congress 1. When the President signs it
ends when the bill is approved by the body 2. When the President does not sign nor
communicate his veto of the bill within
The SYSTEM OF AUTHENTICATION 30 days after his receipt thereof.
devised is the signing by the Speaker and the 3. When the vetoed bill is repassed by
Senate President of the printed copy of the Congress by two-thirds vote of all its
approved bill, certified by the respective Members, each House voting
secretaries of the both Houses separately
PRESIDENT'S APPROVAL OR VETO
"Every bill passed by the Congress
shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to
the President. If he approves the same, he
shall sign it; otherwise, he shall veto it and
return the same with his objections to the
House where it originated, which shall enter
the objections in its Journal and proceed to
reconsider it.
If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of all
the Members of such House shall agree to
pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with
the objections, to the other House by which it
shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved
by two-thirds of all the Members of that House,
it shall become a law.
In all such cases, the votes of each House
shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the
names of he Members voting for or against