Упр.4 ст.

22
Do not allow the robots to pull the trigger
Weapons, which in themselves kill enemies, threaten civilians and soldiers. Slaughter
machines are approaching. Robotic weapons that target and
destroyed without human supervision, ready to start a revolution in war, which can be
compared with the invention of gunpowder or atomic bomb. The prospect is a terrible threat
to civilians and could lead to some of the gloomiest scenarios in which artificial intelligence
is amok. A ban on the use of killer robots, similar to the ban on chemical and biological
weapons, is urgently needed. But some major military powers oppose it.
The work is not a technophobic fantasy. In July 2017, for example, the Russian Kalashnikov
Group announced the launch of a 7.62-millimeter machine gun equipped with a camera that
uses a neural network to make "shoot / not shoot" decisions. A whole generation of self-
controlled weapons, including drones, ships and tanks The United States appears to be
leading the R&D in autonomous systems with $ 18 billion in autonomous systems planned
for investment from 2016 to 2020. But other countries with significant arms industries are
also making their own investments.
Military planners argue that "deadly autonomous weapons systems" - more than a term -
Theoretically can bring some accuracy in military combat. Such submachine guns can reduce
the need for troops and reduce losses by leaving vehicles to fight them. However, algorithm
control can potentially become "uncontrollable".
"The existing AI cannot infer the intentions of others or make critical decisions based on past
chaos of war. , whether a killer robot would be a trained assassin, unlike Arnold
Schwarzenegger in Terminator.Once the battle is done, more than who will be responsible
when the machine commits the murder? robot? its creator?
With all these shortcomings, a completely autonomous robot created from
using short-term technologies, may pose a new threat to small countries or terrorists with
little experience or financial resources. Swarms of tiny weapon drones, perhaps even made
with three-dimensional printers, can damage densely populated areas. Prototypes are already
being tested: in 2016, the US Department of Defense demonstrated an unrelated swarm of
more than 100 micro-drones. Stuart Russell of the University of California, Berkeley, a
prominent AI researcher, suggested that "anti-personnel micro-robots" deployed by a single
person could kill many thousands and be a potential weapon of mass destruction.
Since 2013, the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CFO), which
regulates incendiary devices, blinding lasers and other weapons that are considered
excessively harmful, has been discussing what to do about deadly autonomous weapons
systems. Due to opposition from the United States, Russia and some other countries,
discussions have not progressed stages of developing a formal wording for the ban. The
United States, for example, has argued that its policies already provide that military personnel
retain control of autonomous weapons and that premature regulation may undermine the
importance of AI research.
The ban should not be overly restrictive. Campaign to Stop Killer Robots, a coalition of 89
NGOs from 50 countries
insisting on such a ban, emphasizes that it will be limited to offensive weapons and will not
apply to anti-missile and other defense systems that automatically fire in response to
information coming into the warhead.
The current stalemate has prompted the campaign to consider rallying, first and foremost,
some countries to agree to a ban outside the forum provided by the CIS, an option previously
used to push for multinational agreements banning landmines and cluster munitions. . A
precautionary ban on autonomous killing machines, with clear technology requirements,
would help keep killer robots from military arsenals.
 Since it was first presented at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence in
Stockholm in July, 244 organizations and 3,187 people have signed a pledge "not to
participate in or support the development, production, trade or use of deadly autonomous
weapons." The reason for this promise was that the laws had not yet been passed on to the
killer robots. Without such a legal framework, the day may soon come when the algorithm
makes a fateful decision to accept human life.

Упр 1 ст 25
4, 8, 10, 1, 5, 9, 6, 2, 7, 3

Упр 2 ст 25
1. How do young people call the time in which we live?
2. How do computers help students and teachers?
3. What can we do with the phone ?
4. What information is kept by computers in banks?
5. What do bank customers enter instead of an electronic signature?
6. How can customers easily pay bills without leaving their homes?
7. What role do computers play in the lives of pilots and travel agencies?

Упр 3 ст 25
1. Perform - виконувати
2. Word processor - текстовий редактор
3. Online - дистанційно
4. Download - завантажувати
5. Build-in - вбудований
6. Digital - цифровий
7. Store - зберігати (у комп’ютері)
8. Financial - фінансові (операції)
9. Monitor - моніторинг
10. Data - дані