Chapter 4 – Modifiable risk factors of lifestyle diseases Adequacy – amounts of nutrients to maintain normal body

Noncommunicable diseases are the top killers in the function

Philippines Balance – correct combination of nutrients
NCD’s are non-infectious illnesses but can be inherited or Variety – consumption of different types of food products
developed based on the individual’s lifestyle Can develop diseases:
 Obesity
SMOKING  Tooth decay
- Almost every organ in the body is damaged when  Depression
a person smokes  Eating disorders
- One individual dies every eight seconds  High blood pressure
- It would cut an individual’s life for at least 5 Starting a healthy eating habit begins with knowing what
minutes you eat, should be planned
Smoke contains:
 hydrogen cyanide Sedentary lifestyle – individual lacks the recommended
 insecticides level of regular physical activity, or physically inactive
 methanol Physical inactivity – leading risk factor of death worldwide
 butane fuels 9/10 filipinos do not exercise regularly
 benzene Can cause you:
 cadmium  Increase risk of cancer
 formaldehyde  Contribute to anxiety and depression
Impairs the function of the cardiovascular and respiratory  Risk to cardiovascular diseases
system  Risk of having coronary heart disease & obesity
Most harmful to health:  High bp and increased cholesterol levels
Tar – carcinogenic and accumulates inside the Diseases associated with unhealthy lifestyle:
respiratory system, ruins air sacs Cardiovascular disease – heart and blood vessels,
Nicotine – makes cigarette addictive leading cause of death in the Philippines
Carbon monoxide – makes heart do more work to supply *Arteriosclerosis- arteries harden and thicken. Natural to
sufficient oxygen in the body growing old
Mainstream smoke – firs hand smoke *Atherosclerosis- deposited fat hardens & becomes
Second-hand smoke – smoke puffed out by smokers; plaque on arterial walls
“sidestream” smoke *Coronary heart disease- coronary arteries are narrowed
Why do people start smoking? or blocked
A. Parental role model *Heart attack – cardiac muscle failure due to lack of blood
B. Adolescent experimentation and rebellion flow to the heart
C. Depression *Angina Pectoris- chest pain lasts less than 5 minutes
D. Limited education *Rheumatic Fever- immune system attacks the heart:
E. Weight control fever, weakness
F. Aggressive marketing *Heart Rhythm Arrhythmia- irregular heart rhythm.
G. Stress Uncontrolled stress levels, high caffeine intake
H. Addiction *Congestive Heart Failure- heart’s not able to pump blood
Why do people keep smoking? Cancer – cells divide in an uncontrolled pace
a. Pleasure *Malignant- cancerous. Tumor can spread to invade and
b. Fear of weight gain destroy tissues
c. Nicotine dependence *Benign- not cancerous. Tumors may increase but not
d. Use of other substances invade and destroy
Third-hand smoke – attached to the smoker’s hair and 4 major categories of cancer:
clothing Carcinoma- most common, spreads to other parts: skin
Sarcoma- connective or supportive cancer: muscle
Dietary habits – usual choices of food that people make Lymphoma- abnormal production of white cells and
Diet affects an individual’s health condition decrease in resistance
Poor dietary habits –not eating enough healthy food Leukemia- cancer of blood or bone marrow
- The person does not follow the principles of good Diabetes – body is not able to produce or effectively use
nutrition: Adequacy, balance, variety insulin: hormone that is produced in the pancreas,
- Leads to malnutrition regulates the utilization of glucose
*Type 1 Diabetes- insulin-reliant diabetes because the
body produces little or no insulin at all. Relies on daily
insulin injections and follows a special diet
*Type 2- non-insulin dependent. Body produces insulin
but it cannot be used by the cells. Manageable through
oral medication. May go undetected for many years
*Gestational Diabetes- certain pregnant individuals. Can
be treated only with proper diet
Chronic respiratory disease – occurs in the air paths and
other parts of the lungs. Can be life threatening and may
lead to death
“Health is wealth” – this is a choice made by an individual
Can lead to healthy living habits:
- Eat healthy food
- Do daily routines of physical activity
- Do not smoke
- Drink moderate amounts of alcohol only
- Manage stress