12/27/2021

Passing or Overtaking Sight Distance
Passing or Overtaking Sight Distance d1 = distance traversed during the perception & reaction time  AND during the 
initial acceleration to the point where the passing vehicle just enters the 
Oncoming vehicle in the opposing lane
Overtaking Overtaken
opposite lane
vehicle vehicle d1 = t1(V‐m+0.5at1)   metre
Where t1 = time for initial manoeuvre (seconds)
V  = average speed of passing vehicle (km/h)
m = difference in speeds of passing and impeder vehicles (km/h)
a  = average acceleration rate (km/h/s)

d1 d2 d3 d4
d2 = distance travelled during the time the passing vehicle is travelling in
D the opposing lane

D = d 1 + d2 + d3 + d4 d2 = Vt2 metre

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Passing or Overtaking Sight Distance Minimum Passing Sight Distance

d3 = distance between the passing vehicle and the opposing vehicle at the end of Design Speed (km/h) Minimum Passing Sight
the passing manoeuvre
Distance (m)
Vary between 30 m – 90 m  Garber, N.J. & Hoel, L.A. 
(4th Edition) 2010. Traffic & 
110 730
Highway Engineering
100 670
d4 = distance travelled by an opposing vehicle for 2/3 of the time the passing vehicle 90 610
occupies the passing lane 80 550
70 490
d4= 2/3 d2 metre 60 410
50 350
40 290
30 230

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