2nd week: Introduction to Matter (August 16, 2021)

Matter

- Anything that has mass and takes up space

- Hold up something that is an example of matter

What are the 2 kinds of properties every form of matter gas?

o Physical properties and Chemical Properties

1. Physical Properties
o A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed w/out changing in into
another substance
 Ex.: water freezing (solid), water (liquid), water vapor (gas)
 Hardness, texture, color, ability to dissolve, luster, conductivity, magnetism,
flexibility.
 Physical properties can be used to classify matter.
2. Chemical Properties
o A characteristic of a pure substance that describes its ability to change into different
substances.
 To do this you must try to change it into another substance.
 Flammability, oxidation, tarnishing
 Chemical properties be used to classify matter.
 Flammability is a chemical property of wood (new substances created are
carbon dioxide and ash)
 Oxidation is a chemical property of iron (when iron rusts, what element does it
combine with? – Oxygen; Rust AKA. Iron Oxide)

Element

- Pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances.
- How can you tell one element from another?
o By their chemical and physical properties

Atoms

- The basic particle from which all elements are made.

o Building blocks of matter
o Can combine w/ other atoms through chemical bonds.
- Molecules
o Groups of 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Molly Cule

- Pop star Molly Cule has dropped her car off at Ms. Frizzle’s car wash before her concert. We join
her class just after they were shrunk to examine the dirt on the car AFTER it was washed.
Atoms: (Octet Rule)

- What elements make up water?

o Hydrogen and Oxygen
- What elements make up carbon dioxide?
o Carbon and oxygen
- What holds atoms together
o Chemical bonds

Compounds

- A pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically bonded together

o When elements combine, they form compounds w/ different properties than their
original properties
o What is the ratio of atoms in these compounds?
 CO2 = 1 to 2
 CO = 1 to 1
 H2O= 2 to 1

100 Greatest Discoveries

Mixtures

- 2 or more substances together in the same place but not chemically combines
o Each substance keeps its original properties

Heterogeneous Mixture

- Easily separated
- You can see all the different parts
- E.g., Salad, cereal, pizza, sandwich

Homogeneous Mixture

- Mixed so evenly you cannot see all the different parts

- E.g., Sugar water, air, brass

Separating Mixtures

- Easy to do because each component keeps its own properties

o Separate through magnetic attraction, filtration, distillation or evaporation.