PDF Triplex Pumps 4261882 01

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Triplex Pumps
Reference: InTouch content ID # 4133663
Version: 5.21
Release Date: Provisory
EDMS UID: 274757210
Produced: 24-Aug-2011 22:25:33
Owner: WS Training
Author: Bernadette Gomez
Private Basic, offshore,

Modules, triplex,
Interface, WCS,pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, TBT
WBT, IT
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Copyright © 2011 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.
Triplex Pumps / Legal Information
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and may not be copied or stored in an information retrieval system, transferred,
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to identify the products and services described herein are either trademarks,
trade names or service marks of Schlumberger and its licensors, or are the
property of their respective owners. These marks may not be copied, imitated
or used, in whole or in part, without the express prior written permission of
Schlumberger. In addition, covers, page headers, custom graphics, icons, and
other design elements may be service marks, trademarks, and/or trade dress
of Schlumberger, and may not be copied, imitated, or used, in whole or in part,
without the express prior written permission of Schlumberger.
A complete list of Schlumberger marks may be viewed at the Schlumberger

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Triplex Pumps / Document Control
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Document Control
Owner: WS Training
Author: Bernadette Gomez
Reviewer: Bernadette Gomez
Approver: Torsten Braun

Contact Information
Name: WS Training
LDAP Alias: IPC-DOC
Revision History
Version Date Description Prepared by
5.21 24-Aug-2011 Corrected 4.5-in Max Pressure in Section 7, Author: John Schneider
was 7,500, now 7,000.
5.2 19-Nov-2009 Changed instructions for taking module test Author: John Schneider
online using iLearn.
5.1 18-Jul-2008 Updated exercises link-url to the Author: Beena Hemkar
perception-resp server.
5.0 25-Oct-2006 Changed instructions for taking module Author: Stuart Averett
test online. Test may be launched from
perception-ws server via LMS or taken online.
4.1 10-Apr-2006 Changed labels, erased list-trademark, update Author: Torsten Braun
revision info
4.1 30-Sep-2005 updated graphics and text. .Added captions Author: Luisa Attaway, Torsten
Braun
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iv Triplex Pumps / Table of Contents iv
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Table of Contents
1 Objectives _____________________________________________________ 1-1
2 Introduction to Triplex Pumps __________________________________ 2-1

2.1 Parts of a Triplex Pump ______________________________________ 2-2
2.2 How a Triplex Pump Works ___________________________________ 2-5

2.3 Exercise _____________________________________________________ 2-6
3 Types of Triplex Pumps ________________________________________ 3-1

3.1 Eccentric Type (PG, PD) _____________________________________ 3-1
3.2 Crankshaft Type (PQ, PT, OPI) _______________________________ 3-1
3.3 MD 1000 Type _______________________________________________ 3-2
3.4 Advantages of the MD 1000 Pump ____________________________ 3-3
3.5 Exercise _____________________________________________________ 3-4
4 Power End of a Triplex Pump ___________________________________ 4-1

4.1 Chain Case __________________________________________________ 4-1
4.2 Power End Lubrication _______________________________________ 4-5
4.3 Exercise _____________________________________________________ 4-6
5 Triplex Pump Packing __________________________________________ 5-1

5.1 Reasons for Using Packing ___________________________________ 5-1
5.2 Types of Packing ____________________________________________ 5-1
5.3 Packing Lubrication __________________________________________ 5-3
5.4 Exercise _____________________________________________________ 5-5
6 Fluid End of a Triplex Pump ____________________________________ 6-1

6.1 Pump Chamber ______________________________________________ 6-1
6.2 Valves and Seats ____________________________________________ 6-3
6.3 Burst Disks __________________________________________________ 6-5
6.4 Exercise _____________________________________________________ 6-7
7 Pressure Limitations on Pump _________________________________ 7-1

7.1 Exercise _____________________________________________________ 7-1
8 Troubleshooting ________________________________________________ 8-1
9 Summary _______________________________________________________ 9-1
10 Take the module test __________________________________________ 10-1
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v Triplex Pumps / List of Figures v
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List of Figures
2-1 Triplex pump ______________________________________________________ 2-1

2-2 High-pressure positive displacement pumps _________________________ 2-2
2-3 Chain case and power end _________________________________________ 2-3
2-4 Fluid end__________________________________________________________ 2-4
2-5 Discharge and suction valve________________________________________ 2-5
3-1 Eccentric-type reciprocating pump components______________________ 3-1
3-2 Crankshaft-type reciprocating pump ________________________________ 3-2

3-3 MD 1000-type triplex pump_________________________________________ 3-2
4-1 Power-end components ____________________________________________ 4-1
4-2 Power-end elements _______________________________________________ 4-2
4-3 Torque rods _______________________________________________________ 4-3
4-4 Dipstick ___________________________________________________________ 4-4
4-5 Grease ports ______________________________________________________ 4-5
4-6 Power end: oil sump _______________________________________________ 4-5
5-1 Triplex pump components __________________________________________ 5-1
5-2 Single- and double-stack packing ___________________________________ 5-2
5-3 Packings __________________________________________________________ 5-3
5-4 Lantern gland _____________________________________________________ 5-4
5-5 Lubricant pump____________________________________________________ 5-4
5-6 Separator _________________________________________________________ 5-5
6-1 Discharge and suction valve________________________________________ 6-1
6-2 Pump chamber ____________________________________________________ 6-2
6-3 Fluid end components _____________________________________________ 6-3
6-4 Valve and seat ____________________________________________________ 6-4
6-5 Valve bore components ____________________________________________ 6-4
6-6 Valve body ________________________________________________________ 6-5
6-7 Burst disk _________________________________________________________ 6-6
6-8 Pressure settings rated burst disks__________________________________ 6-6
6-9 Burst disk inside chamber __________________________________________ 6-7
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vi Triplex Pumps / List of Tables vi
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List of Tables
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1-i Triplex Pumps / Objectives 1-i
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1 Objectives
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1-1 Triplex Pumps / Objectives 1-1
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1 Objectives Basic, offshore,

Modules, triplex,
Interface, WCS, pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
In this training module, you will learn to do the following:
• Identify the basic parts of a triplex pump.

• Describe how a triplex pump works.

• Identify the different types of triplex pumps and describe the differences
between them.
• Identify the parts of the power end of a triplex pump.
• Describe how the power end of a triplex pump works.
• Describe the purpose of triplex pump packing.
• Identify the parts of the fluid end of a triplex pump.
• Describe how the fluid end of a triplex pump works.
• Identify the maximum force that a PG series pump develops at the power end.
• Identify the consequences of the pump exceeding its maximum force.
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2-i Triplex Pumps / Introduction to Triplex Pumps 2-i
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2 Introduction to Triplex Pumps
2.1 Parts of a Triplex Pump ________________________________________ 2-2
2.1.1 Triplex pump animation _______________________________________ 2-4
2.2 How a Triplex Pump Works _____________________________________ 2-5
2.2.1 Liquid enters chamber animation ______________________________ 2-5
2.2.2 Plunger animation ____________________________________________ 2-6
2.3 Exercise ________________________________________________________ 2-6
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2-1 Triplex Pumps / Introduction to Triplex Pumps 2-1
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2 Introduction to Triplex Pumps Basic, offshore,

Modules, Interface,
triplex,
WCS, pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
Figure 2-1: Triplex pump
Pumps and pumping are the backbone of Schlumberger's work. Approximately

90% of Schlumberger's revenue is derived from pumping operations (cementing,
fracturing, etc.). The purpose of a pump is to convert mechanical energy,
provided by motors, engines, and other prime movers, into fluid energy.
There are many kinds of pumps used at Schlumberger. There are low-pressure,
centrifugal pumps (covered in a different training module), as well as
high-pressure, positive displacement pumps.
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Figure 2-2: High-pressure positive displacement pumps
High-pressure, positive displacement pumps use plungers to displace fluid.

There are various types of high-pressure, positive displacement pumps. These
include
• duplex pumps
• triplex pumps
• quintuplex pumps.
The number in the name (Du = 2, Tri = 3, and Quint = 5) refers to the number of
plungers used by the pump to displace fluid. The most common of these used
by Schlumberger is the triplex pump.
2.1 Parts of a Triplex Pump

A triplex pump is a positive displacement pump that consists of a power end
and a fluid end. A chain case (or gear speed reducer) at the power end
connects the power end of the pump to the prime mover (engine or motor) that
supplies power to the pump. The fluid end is divided into a suction end and a
discharge end.
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Figure 2-3: Chain case and power end
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Figure 2-4: Fluid end
There are valves located at both the suction and discharge ends of the pump.
These valves control the entry and exit of the fluid from the pump chamber.
Packings are used to protect the pump parts beyond the plungers from
contamination or corrosion by pumped fluids.
2.1.1 Triplex pump animation
Multimedia 2-1: Triplex pump animation

NOTE: Multimedia is currently available only in HTML publications.
To rotate the triplex pump and view it from different angles, click the arrow
buttons on the image.
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2.2 How a Triplex Pump Works

A large volume of liquid constantly enters the pump chamber of a triplex pump.
Do you think the liquid is compressed inside the chamber?
Since liquids (for all practical purposes) cannot be compressed, each time the
plunger moves forward in the pump chamber, the pressure in the chamber
increases, and the volume of the chamber decreases. This forces the fluid out
the discharge valve. The fluid cannot expand either; therefore, each time the
plunger moves back out of the chamber, the pressure in the chamber decreases,
and the volume increases. This causes the fluid to be drawn through the suction
valve. Therefore, as the plungers move in and out of the pump, they increase
and decrease both the pressure and the volume.
Figure 2-5: Discharge and suction valve
The valves prevent fluid flow in the wrong direction by closing at the appropriate
time. The term "positive displacement" means that fluid always replaces
reduced volume on the suction end, and fluid is always displaced by the plunger
on the discharge end. To accomplish this, the fluid must be liquid, and the
chamber must be sealed so that no gas (or air) is allowed into the pump chamber.
2.2.1 Liquid enters chamber animation
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Multimedia 2-2: Liquid enters the pump chamber. Animation

2.2.2 Plunger animation
Multimedia 2-3: Plunger moving forward in pump chamber. Animation

2.3 Exercise
Introduction to Triplex Pumps Exercise (online)
Introduction to Triplex Pumps Exercise (offline)
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3-i Triplex Pumps / Types of Triplex Pumps 3-i
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3 Types of Triplex Pumps
3.1 Eccentric Type (PG, PD) ________________________________________ 3-1
3.2 Crankshaft Type (PQ, PT, OPI) __________________________________ 3-1
3.3 MD 1000 Type __________________________________________________ 3-2
3.3.1 MD 1000 triplex pump animation ______________________________ 3-3
3.4 Advantages of the MD 1000 Pump ______________________________ 3-3
3.5 Exercise ________________________________________________________ 3-4
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3-1 Triplex Pumps / Types of Triplex Pumps 3-1
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3 Types of Triplex Pumps Basic, offshore,

Modules, triplex,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
There are three basic types of triplex pumps:
• Eccentric Type (denoted by the model initials PG and PD)

• Crankshaft type (denoted by model initials PQ, PT, and OPI)

• MD* 1000 type
3.1 Eccentric Type (PG, PD)
Figure 3-1: Eccentric-type reciprocating pump components
The eccentric-type reciprocating pump consists of eccentric (off-center)

wheels (or cams) inserted onto a straight shaft, which fits inside the power frame.
One end of a connecting rod attaches to each eccentric, and the other end of the
rod attaches to the plunger. As the eccentric turns, it moves the plunger in and
out of the pump chamber, turning the circular motion supplied by the chain case
into the reciprocating (back and forth) motion required by the plunger.
3.2 Crankshaft Type (PQ, PT, OPI)
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Figure 3-2: Crankshaft-type reciprocating pump
The crankshaft-type reciprocating pump consists of a single-piece shaft and

eccentric mechanism (similar to an engine crankshaft), with the connecting rod
connected to each eccentric on one end, and to the plunger at the other end. As
the crankshaft turns, it alternately pulls and pushes the plunger in and out of the
pump chamber, turning the circular motion supplied by the chain case into the
reciprocating (back and forth) motion required by the plunger.
3.3 MD 1000 Type
Figure 3-3: MD 1000-type triplex pump
The MD 1000-type triplex pump gets its name from its developer, Michel Drevet
and its maximum hydraulic horsepower (hhp) output, which is 1000 hhp. Unlike
the other two types of triplex pumps, the MD 1000 type of pump uses a single
swashplate rather than separate wheels to operate the three plungers.
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The MD 1000 pump consists of three, 120-degree thrust rods connected to an
oscillating plate. Each thrust rod is, in turn, attached to a crosshead, which
operates a plunger. As power turns the gears of the power end, one thrust rod is
at the Maximum Forward Position (MFP), while a second is in forward motion,
and a third in backward motion.
3.3.1 MD 1000 triplex pump animation

Multimedia 3-1: MD 1000 triplex pump in motion. Animation

3.4 Advantages of the MD 1000 Pump

These models have many advantages over traditional triplex pumps, but are
commonly used only in offshore applications. These advantages include
• Global efficiency: While a traditional, crankshaft-type pump typically has a

maximum efficiency of 80%, the MD 1000 type of pump has an efficiency
of 93%. This means that there is more hydraulic horsepower delivered to
the fluid being pumped, that intermittent horsepower is closer to continuous
horsepower, and that less horsepower is dissipated in heat. This last point is
especially important, because it means that the cooler operation requires a
smaller oil cooler, which saves in both weight and size.
• Weight / Horsepower ratio: The weight of the MD 1000 type of pump with
its input horsepower has a ratio of 6.68. The same ratio for a crankshaft
pump varies from 8.33 to 19.82. This means that the MD 1000 type of pump
provides more hydraulic horsepower for the same pump weight. In fact, pump
weight can be reduced by up to one-third that of the crankshaft pump and still
deliver the same horsepower. This means that more hydraulic horsepower
and less dead weight can be transported. For offshore operations, where
transportation costs are significant, this is a great advantage.
• Horsepower / Volume ratio: The input horsepower of the MD 1000 type of

pump with its overall volume has a ratio of 13.52. The same ratio for the
crankshaft pump is between 3.5 and 10. This means that if the two pumps
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have the same volume, the MD 1000 pump will deliver more hydraulic
horsepower. Or if the horsepower is the same, the MD 1000 pump will
require less overall volume. So, for any given application, the MD 1000 pump
will be a smaller, more compact unit than the crankshaft alternative and will,
therefore, be easier to transport.
• Balance: The swashplate design allows the main shaft assembly to be

perfectly balanced. This reduces vibrations in the system and leads to longer
bearing life and reduced noise. Related to this, the main center line of the
MD 1000 pump is aligned with the center line of the prime mover (motor or
engine). This allows for a better layout design of equipment and a resulting
reduction in space required.
• Plunger size: If the plungers on an MD 1000 pump and a crankshaft pump

are the same, the MD 1000 pump will have both a higher working pressure
and a higher flow rate.
The PG is the most common triplex pump used by Schlumberger, especially for
cement work. The stroke of the PG plunger is five inches. The PD, which has a
stroke of eight inches, is often used for fracturing work.
3.5 Exercise
Types of Triplex Pumps (online)
Types of Triplex Pumps (offline)
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4-i Triplex Pumps / Power End of a Triplex Pump 4-i
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4 Power End of a Triplex Pump
4.1 Chain Case _____________________________________________________ 4-1
4.2 Power End Lubrication _________________________________________ 4-5
4.3 Exercise ________________________________________________________ 4-6
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4-1 Triplex Pumps / Power End of a Triplex Pump 4-1
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4 Power End of a Triplex Pump Basic, offshore,

Modules, triplex,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
Figure 4-1: Power-end components
The power end of a triplex pump converts rotational power into reciprocating
power, which is used by the fluid end to transfer the power to the fluid.
4.1 Chain Case
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Figure 4-2: Power-end elements
The heart of the power end is the chain case. The chain case is a sealed
environment that houses a chain that links the prime mover (engine or motor)
with the pump. As the prime mover rotates, it moves the chain, and the chain, in
turn, rotates the pinion shaft of the power end of the pump.
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Figure 4-3: Torque rods
A pair of torque rods secures the chain case to the chassis or skid and prevents
the chain case from moving when power is applied. Since the pump works
under high pressure, it is very important that the pump be secured to avoid the
possibility of damage to either equipment or people.
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Figure 4-4: Dipstick
The lower half of the chain case is filled with oil to the level of the lower input
shaft, and as the chain passes through the oil sump, it is constantly lubricated.
The sump is filled with SAE 40-weight oil and the proper level of oil must be
maintained at all times. The oil used may be recycled, if it is clean and free of
impurities or corrosive elements.
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Figure 4-5: Grease ports
At each end of the chain case, there are bearings and seals that require
lubrication and periodic maintenance. Grease ports are located at each of these
bearings and should be lubricated according to the prescribed maintenance
schedule.
4.2 Power End Lubrication
Figure 4-6: Power end: oil sump
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The oil sump in the power end provides oil to lubricate the power end
components of the triplex pump. An externally mounted gear-type lubricating
pump pushes this fluid to the top of the casing, where it falls over the moving
parts of the power end and lubricates them.
A filter is installed in the line between the gear pump and the top of the power
end to rid the oil of any impurities or abrasive materials. A 75-psi bypass valve
is installed ahead of the filter. This way, if the filter becomes plugged or for any
other reason begins to build backpressure, the lubricating oil is routed around it
and continues to lubricate the power end.
4.3 Exercise
Power End of a Triplex Pump Exercise (online)
Power End of a Triplex Pump Exercise (offline)
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5-i Triplex Pumps / Triplex Pump Packing 5-i
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5 Triplex Pump Packing
5.1 Reasons for Using Packing _____________________________________ 5-1
5.2 Types of Packing _______________________________________________ 5-1
5.3 Packing Lubrication ____________________________________________ 5-3
5.4 Exercise ________________________________________________________ 5-5
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5-1 Triplex Pumps / Triplex Pump Packing 5-1
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5 Triplex Pump Packing Basic, offshore,

Modules, Interface,
triplex,
WCS, pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
Figure 5-1: Triplex pump components
The fluid end of a triplex pump has a series of seals called "Packing." The
purpose of the packing is to retain the fluid being pumped through the fluid end
during the reciprocating action of the plungers.
5.1 Reasons for Using Packing

Without correct packing, several problems can occur. One problem is oil lock,
where lubricating oil designed to protect the plunger is prevented from lubricating
the plunger. This can lead to excessive wear of both the plunger and the packing.
Another potential problem is a failure to separate the pumped fluid from the
lubricating fluid in the power end. If pumped fluid is allowed to enter the power
end (via the pony rod seals) as a result of poor packing, the corrosive and
abrasive nature of these fluids can cause considerable (and expensive) damage
to the parts of the power end. Therefore, correct packing installation is necessary
for pump operation.
5.2 Types of Packing
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Figure 5-2: Single- and double-stack packing
Double-stack packing consists of inserting two packings separated by a

male/female adapter. Single-stack packing arrangements also exist.
In practice, using single-stack packing, Schlumberger usually uses as many as

eight packings in a single bore. Packings may be either hard or soft, and typically
four hard packings and four soft packings are used, although some engineers
may use seven or even nine packings on a particular pump.
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Figure 5-3: Packings
At one time O-rings were installed inside the packing gland spacers to ensure a
complete seal. It was found, however, that these O-rings led to oil lock in the
plunger lubrication system. In addition, as the same lubrication system was also
connected to the centrifugal pumps, the centrifugal pumps would also not be
lubricated during an oil lock situation. Therefore, these O-rings are now obsolete
and should not be used.
5.3 Packing Lubrication
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Figure 5-4: Lantern gland
Like any other moving parts that are subject to friction, without proper lubrication,
the packings will fail prematurely, resulting in excessive wear to the packings and
the plunger. The lantern gland installed in each packing assembly provides
lubrication to the packing.
Figure 5-5: Lubricant pump
An air-operated lubricant pump is used to send the lubricant to a separator. It

is important that there are no low points in the line between the pump and the
separator that could trap air and interfere with lubricant flow and pressure.
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Figure 5-6: Separator
As the lubricant enters the separator, it is divided into three flows, each of which
travels through a check valve to the lantern gland of the packing assembly. As
the plunger moves by the lantern gland, it is covered with a thin layer of lubricant
and distributes the lubricant throughout the packing assembly.
5.4 Exercise
Triplex Pump Packing Exercise (online)
Triplex Pump Packing Exercise (offline)
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6-i Triplex Pumps / Fluid End of a Triplex Pump 6-i
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6 Fluid End of a Triplex Pump
6.1 Pump Chamber ________________________________________________ 6-1
6.2 Valves and Seats _______________________________________________ 6-3
6.3 Burst Disks ____________________________________________________ 6-5
6.4 Exercise ________________________________________________________ 6-7
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6-1 Triplex Pumps / Fluid End of a Triplex Pump 6-1
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6 Fluid End of a Triplex Pump Basic, offshore,

Modules, triplex,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
Figure 6-1: Discharge and suction valve
The following details of the fluid end are addressed in this section
• pump chamber
• valves and seats
• burst disks.
6.1 Pump Chamber
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Figure 6-2: Pump chamber
The fluid end of a triplex pump consists of a pump-chamber housing, which

contains openings for each of the three plungers and a suction and discharge
valve for each plunger.
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Figure 6-3: Fluid end components
When doing maintenance on a triplex pump, the pump chamber should be

examined for
• cracked threads
• worn bores
• problems with the valve-seat bores
• cracks in the metal housing
• grooves in the packing bore
• discharge-port washout.
6.2 Valves and Seats
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Figure 6-4: Valve and seat
For each plunger in the triplex pump, there is a suction valve and a discharge
valve. Inside the pump chamber are the valve bores, which are openings
through which fluid can flow. Inside each valve bore is a valve seat. This is
a replaceable part designed to withstand the stress of the valve body closing
against it without allowing fluid to flow around it.
Figure 6-5: Valve bore components
There is an "O-ring" around the valve seat that helps to seal the valve seat into
the valve bore. In addition, there is a 3/4-in. taper to the valve seat so that
pressure exerted by the valve on the valve seat tightens the valve seat into
the valve bore. This is especially important because failure of the valve seat
would allow fluids to flow when the valves are closed and cause the pumps
to become inefficient.
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The valve itself consists of a valve body, valve legs, and an insert.
Figure 6-6: Valve body
The valve body is a disk that is surrounded on the edge by an insert, which is
made of either urethane or rubber. Urethane inserts are yellow, and rubber
inserts are black. Normally, urethane inserts are used in fracturing procedures,
and rubber inserts are used in cement and acid jobs. An insert that is installed in
the factory and comes already attached to the valve body is called a "molded
insert." Molded inserts may be removed when worn, and replaced with new
inserts.
The legs of the valve extend into the valve seat and help stablilize the valve as it
moves up and down to ensure a complete seal when the valve is closed.
6.3 Burst Disks
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Figure 6-7: Burst disk
Suction valves are equipped with a burst disk in case excessive pressure builds
up in the plunger chamber. When excessive pressure builds up, burst disks
"blow out" and vent the chamber pressure into the suction chamber.
Figure 6-8: Pressure settings rated burst disks
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Burst disks are an integral part of the suction valve. They come in three pressure
settings and should be installed according to anticipated pressure in the pump
chamber. The pressure ratings of burst valves are color coded on the top of
the suction valve and are as follows:
Color: Burst disk Pressure Rating
• Red 10,000 psi

• Green 15,000 psi
• White 22,500 psi
Figure 6-9: Burst disk inside chamber
You should always be sure that the correct suction valve with the correct burst
disk is installed on the suction side of the pump chamber. NEVER install a
suction disk on the discharge side of the pump.
6.4 Exercise
Fluid End of a Triplex Pump Exercise (online)
Fluid End of a Triplex Pump Exercise (offline)
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7-i Triplex Pumps / Pressure Limitations on Pump 7-i
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7 Pressure Limitations on Pump
7.1 Exercise ________________________________________________________ 7-1
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7-1 Triplex Pumps / Pressure Limitations on Pump 7-1
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7 Pressure Limitations on Pump Basic, offshore,

Modules, Interface,
triplex,
WCS, pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
To ensure the safety of both equipment and people, it is important that pressure
limitations of the equipment not be exceeded. The maximum force that a PG
series pump develops at the power end is 110,000 lb (49,896 kg). This figure
should be used to determine the maximum pressure allowable inside the pump
chamber. This is important because if the force in the pump chamber (pressure
in the pump chamber multiplied by the area of the plunger surface) exceeds
110,000 lb. (49,896 kg), serious damage may occur to the power end or to
other equipment.
In addition to pressure in the pump chamber, flow rate must also be controlled
to limit wear damage to the pump. The following are the limits to pressure and
flow rate in a PG series pump:
Diameter of Plunger Maximum Pressure Pump Rate
3-3/4 in. (9.53 cm) 10,000 psi 5.8 BPM
4-1/2 in. (11.43 cm) 7,000 psi 8.5 BPM
5 in. (12.70 cm) 5,500 psi 10.8 BPM
It is especially important not to exceed these pump rates, because any apparent
increase in efficiency by exceeding these limits is offset by significant increases
in wear to the equipment and, therefore, increased downtime for maintenance.
If pump rates above those indicated are required, additional pumps should be
added to the line to increase the flow rate, with no individual pump flowing faster
than these rates or at pressures higher than those indicated.
7.1 Exercise
Pressure Limitations on Pump (online)
Pressure Limitations on Pump (offline)
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
8-i Triplex Pumps / Troubleshooting 8-i
PROVISORY RELEASE
8 Troubleshooting
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
8-1 Triplex Pumps / Troubleshooting 8-1
PROVISORY RELEASE
8 Troubleshooting Basic, offshore,

Modules, Interface,
triplex,
WCS, pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
Sometimes you may have problems with triplex pumps. Here are some
symptoms of problems that you might encounter with triplex pumps, as well as
the cause and correction of each problem.
Cement in power Cause: Leakage or jetting Correction:

end of cement past fluid end 1. Remove cement.
packing into the enclosure 2. Wash with water.
box and past the crosshead 3. Fill with diesel fuel (circulate 15
seal into the power end minutes and drain).
4. Repeat with fresh diesel fuel.
5. Replace fluid end packing, crosshead
seals, lubrication filter element, and
connecting rod inserts.
6. Fill with clean oil.
Crosshead seal Cause: Seal has come Correction: Clean seal holder and install
leaking loose from holder new seal per overhaul manual.
Cause: Corroded and rough Correction:Install crosshead sleeve
crosshead shank wearing #459569000 — per appendix in overhaul
on seal manual.
Packing is smoking Cause: No oil Correction: Check lubrication reservoir.

Cause: Clogged lubricator Correction: Clean divider block and
line check valve.
Cause: Packing nut too Correction: Loosen nut slightly (see
tight packing manual).
Packing life is short Cause: Clogged lubricator Correction: Service and clean the divider
line block and check valve.
Cause: Dull or worn finish Correction: Replace plunger.
on plunger
Cause: Improper Correction: See packing manual.
installation
Cause: Worn packing bore Correction: Replace fluid end if worn
grooves more than 1/64 in. deep.
Priming is difficult Cause: Cocked valve Correction: Inspect and straighten

valve.
Cause: Broken valve spring Correction: Replace spring.
Knocking sound in Cause: Fluid end valve or Correction: Replace spring and check
power end spring cement in power end valve.
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
8-2 Triplex Pumps / Troubleshooting 8-2
PROVISORY RELEASE
Cause: Loose eccentric Correction: Replace main shaft,
because of keyway being eccentrics, and connecting rod inserts per
enlarged by overload overhaul manual.
Packing is leaking Cause: Worn out or too loose Correction: Tighten or replace packing.
Cause: Worn plungers Correction: Replace plungers.
Pump is rough Cause: Worn valve and insert Correction: Replace valve.
running
Cause: Worn valve seat Correction: Check with seat gauge

#454465000 or replace seat.
Cause: Broken valve spring Correction: Replace spring.
Cause: Pumping fluid cavitation Correction: Pump rate too fast or suction
line plugged.
Cause: Object under valve Correction: Remove object.
Leakage at Cause: Worn seal on bushing Correction: Replace seal (O-ring).

discharge
outlet
Cause: Washed-out discharge Correction: Replace fluid end.
bore
Water in Cause: Water from Correction: Replace oil and clean filter
oil (milky condensation or leakage element.
appearance)
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
9-i Triplex Pumps / Summary 9-i
PROVISORY RELEASE
9 Summary
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
9-1 Triplex Pumps / Summary 9-1
PROVISORY RELEASE
9 Summary Basic, offshore,

Modules, triplex,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
In this module, you learned
• the major components of a triplex pump and the parts of each component
• the different types of triplex pumps

• the way in which a triplex pump works
• pressure limitations on a triplex pump
• troubleshooting a triplex pump.
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
10-i Triplex Pumps / Take the module test 10-i
PROVISORY RELEASE
10 Take the module test
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private
10-1 Triplex Pumps / Take the module test 10-1
PROVISORY RELEASE
10 Take the module test Basic, offshore,

Modules, Interface,
triplex,
WCS, pump,
WPC,SWBT,
CTS, WBT,
TBT IT
To receive credit for completing this module, you must take and pass the module
test. A score of 90% or higher is required to pass the test. You must take the test
for this module from the Schlumberger iLearn System online.
To take the test
If you do not know how to take an IT Module test from iLearn, go to:
http://intouchsupport.com/intouch/MethodInvokerpage.cfm?caseid=4253433 for
instructions.
If you already know how to use iLearn, in iLearn click on the “Enroll & Launch”
button for the IT Module you are working on.
For more information on how iLearn works, please go to: iLearn OFS Hub.
There are specific guidelines on every procedure under the User Documentation
section.
PROVISORY RELEASE
Private

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PROVISORY RELEASE

Private Basic, offshore,

Copyright © 2011 Schlumberger, Unpublished Work. All rights reserved.

permission of the copyright owner.

Trademarks & Service marks

Schlumberger, the Schlumberger logotype, and other words or symbols used

A complete list of Schlumberger marks may be viewed at the Schlumberger

Author: Bernadette Gomez

Reviewer: Bernadette Gomez

Approver: Torsten Braun

1 Objectives _____________________________________________________ 1-1

2 Introduction to Triplex Pumps __________________________________ 2-1

2.2 How a Triplex Pump Works ___________________________________ 2-5

3 Types of Triplex Pumps ________________________________________ 3-1

4 Power End of a Triplex Pump ___________________________________ 4-1

5 Triplex Pump Packing __________________________________________ 5-1

6 Fluid End of a Triplex Pump ____________________________________ 6-1

7 Pressure Limitations on Pump _________________________________ 7-1

8 Troubleshooting ________________________________________________ 8-1

9 Summary _______________________________________________________ 9-1

10 Take the module test __________________________________________ 10-1

2-1 Triplex pump ______________________________________________________ 2-1

3-2 Crankshaft-type reciprocating pump ________________________________ 3-2

1 Objectives Basic, offshore,

In this training module, you will learn to do the following:

• Identify the basic parts of a triplex pump.

• Describe how a triplex pump works.

2 Introduction to Triplex Pumps Basic, offshore,

Figure 2-1: Triplex pump

Pumps and pumping are the backbone of Schlumberger's work. Approximately

Figure 2-2: High-pressure positive displacement pumps

High-pressure, positive displacement pumps use plungers to displace fluid.

2.1 Parts of a Triplex Pump

Figure 2-3: Chain case and power end

Figure 2-4: Fluid end

2.1.1 Triplex pump animation

Multimedia 2-1: Triplex pump animation

2.2 How a Triplex Pump Works

Figure 2-5: Discharge and suction valve

2.2.1 Liquid enters chamber animation

Multimedia 2-2: Liquid enters the pump chamber. Animation

NOTE: Multimedia is currently available only in HTML publications.

2.2.2 Plunger animation

Multimedia 2-3: Plunger moving forward in pump chamber. Animation

Introduction to Triplex Pumps Exercise (offline)

3 Types of Triplex Pumps Basic, offshore,

There are three basic types of triplex pumps:

• Eccentric Type (denoted by the model initials PG and PD)

• Crankshaft type (denoted by model initials PQ, PT, and OPI)

3.1 Eccentric Type (PG, PD)

Figure 3-1: Eccentric-type reciprocating pump components

The eccentric-type reciprocating pump consists of eccentric (off-center)

3.2 Crankshaft Type (PQ, PT, OPI)

Figure 3-2: Crankshaft-type reciprocating pump

The crankshaft-type reciprocating pump consists of a single-piece shaft and

3.3 MD 1000 Type

Figure 3-3: MD 1000-type triplex pump

3.3.1 MD 1000 triplex pump animation

Multimedia 3-1: MD 1000 triplex pump in motion. Animation

3.4 Advantages of the MD 1000 Pump

• Global efficiency: While a traditional, crankshaft-type pump typically has a

• Horsepower / Volume ratio: The input horsepower of the MD 1000 type of

• Balance: The swashplate design allows the main shaft assembly to be

• Plunger size: If the plungers on an MD 1000 pump and a crankshaft pump