Quick Re-Cap

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 1

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 2
 Eqns (I) and (II) together constitute

LARGE STRAIN, LARGE DISPLACEMENT MODEL

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 3

(A) Small Strain, Large Displacement Model

DROP

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 4

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 5
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 6
On a lighter note…

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 7

 Typical Examples of Non-linearity in Structural Mechanics
• For small deflections, there is no perceptible difference between the reference and deformed
configurations.

Linear System

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 8

 Typical Examples of Non-linearity in Structural Mechanics
• For small deflections, there is no perceptible difference between the reference and deformed
configurations.

• When the deformed configuration is different than reference configuration, equilibrium

equations are written w.r.t. the deformed configurations.
P
?

• Geometric Nonlinearity

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 9

Typical Examples of Non-linearity in Structural Mechanics

• Material Nonlinearity
• Several other examples…

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 10

For linear analysis, load-deflection behaviour is linear and principle of superposition is
valid. However, for non-linear analysis, the principle of superposition is not valid.

Spring subjected to load:

P = Ku (Linear spring)

Let K = 200 u2. Here, is referred to as a parameter to measure extent of

nonlinearity. ‘+’ is for stiffening type springs; and ‘-’ is for softening type springs.

• If << 200, it implies that spring is weakly nonlinear.

Linear spring

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 11

There are numerical techniques to convert these weakly non-linear systems (for example: wind
induced vibrations) into equivalent linear systems over parameter range of interest.
• If is comparable in magnitude to its linear counterpart, the problem is generally referred to
as strongly nonlinear.
Solution Schemes for Non-linear problems:
1) Graphical Methods

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 12

There are numerical techniques to convert these weakly non-linear systems (for example: wind
induced vibrations) into equivalent linear systems over parameter range of interest.
• If is comparable in magnitude to its linear counterpart, the problem is generally referred to
as strongly nonlinear.
Solution Schemes for Non-linear problems:
1) Graphical Methods
2) Bracketing Methods
I. Bi-section method
II. False- Position (Regula-Falsi) method
III. Muller’s Method

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 13

There are numerical techniques to convert these weakly non-linear systems (for example: wind
induced vibrations) into equivalent linear systems over parameter range of interest.
• If is comparable in magnitude to its linear counterpart, the problem is generally referred to
as strongly nonlinear.
Solution Schemes for Non-linear problems:
1) Graphical Methods
2) Bracketing Methods
I. Bi-section method
II. False- Position (Regula-Falsi) method
III. Muller’s Method
3) Open Methods - only initial guess required.
I. Newton-Raphson Method IV. Secant Method
II. Initial Stiffness Method V. Arc Line method
III. Modified N-R method VI. Preconditioned Conjugate Method

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 14

(B) Small Strain, Small Displacement Model

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 15

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 16
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 17
 Lagrangian and Eulerian Description

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 18

 Eulerian Description

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 19

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 20
 Lagrangian Description

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 21

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 22
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 23
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 24
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 25
 Eulerian Description

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 26

 𝟐
𝑷𝑸 𝑷𝑸

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 27

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 28
 Lagrangian and Eulerian Description

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 29

20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 30
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 31
20-08-2022 (c) Prof. Yogesh Desai CE 623 Lecture 7 32