WATER SUPPLY ISSUE

Water Resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful as a source of water supply.

97% of the water on Earth is salt water and only 3% is fresh water. Uses of water include agricultural,
industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities.

It is estimated that 70% of worldwide water is used for irrigation, with 15-35% of irrigation withdrawals
being unsustainable. It takes around 2,000 – 3,000 liters of water to produce enough food to satisfy one
person’s daily dietary need. This is considerable amount, when compared to that required for drinking,
which is between two and five liters.

When the air is hot, it warms the water. Water then evaporates into the atmosphere. There it cools and
condenses forming clouds. They move around the planet horizontally in what are called atmospheric
rivers. When there’s enough water in a cloud, it rains. And if it’s cold enough, it snows. In the spring,
snow melts to feed rivers providing a source of water to the land during the coming hot months of the
year. But climate change is messing this all up. Rising temperatures means more water falling as rain
instead of snow and the little snow there is evaporates rather than flowing downstream. Less snow
means less water during the summer.

Investing in infrastructure is the most direct way to improve access. Both repairing broken or damaged
pipes and building new connections, as well as wastewater recycling facilities.

Another direct way is to reduce meat consumption. It takes around 15,000 liters of water to produce
1kg of beef. And the vast majority of our freshwater feeds industrial agriculture.
Going further, starting a process of de-commissioning dams and letting watershed ecosystems
regenerate helps tackle the root of the problem.

Natural sources of fresh water:

1.) Surface water – is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally
replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans. Evaporation.
Evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. Brazil is estimated to have the largest supply
of fresh water in the world, followed by Russia and Canada.
2.) Under River Flow – throughout the course of a river, the total volume of water
transported downstream will often be a combination of the visible free water flow together
with substantial contributing flowing through rocks and sediments that underlie the river and
its floodplain called the hyporheic zone.

3.) Groundwater – is fresh water located in the subsurface pore space of soil and rocks. It is
also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table. Sometimes it is useful to
make distinction between groundwater that is closely associated with surface water and deep
groundwater in an aquifer (sometime called “fossil water”)
Artificial sources of usable water – artificial sources of fresh water can include treated
wastewater (reclaimed water) and desalinated seawater.

Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater (sewage) or industrial

wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposed. Types of reuse include: urban
reuse, agricultural reuse (irrigation), environmental reuse, industrial reuse, planned potable reuse, de
facto wastewater reuse (unplanned potable reuse).

Drinking water and domestic use (households)

It is estimated that 8% of worldwide water use is for domestic purposes. These include drinking water,
bathing, cooking, toilet, flushing, cleaning, laundry and gardening.

WATER SCARCITY - is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand.

WATER POLLUTION - when water pollution causes an algal bloom in a lake or marine
environment, the proliferation of newly introduced nutrients stimulates plant and algae growth,
which in turn REDUCES oxygen levels in the water.

What we could do right now are;

1.) Dam a river and create reservoir to store water.

2.) Dig more walls to tap groundwater
3.) Build more water towers to store water.
4.) Build a new wastewater-treatment plant to recycle wastewater.
5.) Protect wetlands
6.) Save water whenever possible
7.) Advance technology related to water conservation
8.) Less use of chemicals in farming
9.) Improve sewage systems
10.)Better water distribution infrastructure
11.)Improve practices related to farming

Governments can engage with businesses and establish mechanisms encouraging companies to be
resource efficient and transparent in their water use. Creating legislation or voluntary agreements per
sector to promote product transparency and disclosure on water footprint.

Protecting sources of drinking water is an effective way to reduce risks to public health, instill
customer confidence, and control water treatment costs.

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (Republic Act No. 9275) an act providing for a comprehensive
water quality management and for other purposes.
THANK YOU!
Members:
Constantin Baliciado
Jerremy Laresma
Leoneil Masayon
Tyron Lontok
Yoselle Dasalla
Jasmin Soriano