International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 5(3): July- September 2017

ISSN 2347-8640 (Print) www.anvpublication.org

2454-2660 (Online)

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Assessment of the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge and

attitude regarding the Dementia among Family Members of Elderly in
selected Community Area
Ms. Sonali Waghmare1*, Mr. Muniyandi. S2
1
Assistant Professor, Kasturba Nursing College, KHS, Sevagram
2
HOD & Associate Professor, Kasturba Nursing College, KHS, Sevagram
*Corresponding Author Email: ms.sonujay@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
Assessment of the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among
family members of elderly in selected community area.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding the dementia among family members of elderly.
2. To assess the level of attitude regarding the dementia among family members of elderly.
3. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among
family members of elderly.
4. To determine the association between the knowledge regarding the dementia among family members of
elderly with their selected demographic variables.
5. To determine the association between the attitude regarding the dementia among family members of elderly
with their selected demographic variables.
6. To find out association between knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among family members of
elderly.
Research approach:
Present study was conducted with the primary objective of determining the effectiveness of planned teaching on
knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among the family members of elderly in a selected community
area. Hence evaluative research approach was considered as appropriate. With this approach it would be possible
to evaluate the knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among the family members of elderly in a
selected community area.
Research Design:
One group pre-test post-test design has been used to find the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge and
attitude regarding the dementia among the family members of elderly in a selected community area and also to
determine the association between knowledge and attitude of family members regarding the dementia with their
selected demographic variables.
Setting of the study:
The study was conducted in selected community area. The rationale for selected this setting was an easy
transport, familiarity with the setting, administrative approval, co-operation and availability of subjects.
Sample and sampling technique:
The sample consisted of 100 family members, who fulfilled the inclusion criteria.
Non probability convenient sampling method was used for the study.
Tool:
Knowledge questionnaire and Likert scale to assess attitude is used to gather information.

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 International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 5(3): July- September 2017

Validity and reliability:

The reliability was established by Split half method. So in split half method the KR-20 formula is applied to find
out the reliability. The reliability coefficient correlation for structured knowledge questionnaire was r = 0.72. It is
reliable to the instrument.
Investigator has an attitude Likert scale, so the Spearman-Brown formula used to find out the reliability value,
the reliability value is 0.92 it’s highly reliable.
To obtain the content validity of the tool, the prepared tool with the synopsis, planned teaching on dementia,
evaluators response sheet and content validity certificate were submitted to 11 experts in the field of psychiatric
nursing and psychiatry. All validated tools were received back from the experts with their valuable suggestions
and comments.
Pilot study:
The investigator conducted the pilot study in the month of December 2015. The duration of pilot study was
7/12/2015 to 13/12/2015. Permission from the Sarpanch of the village was obtained before conducting the study.
The non probability convenient sampling technique was used for the selection of the sample. The pilot study was
found to be feasible.
Data gathering process:
The data gathering process was from 04/01/2016 to 24/01/2016, after obtaining permission from the informed
authorities total 100 samples were selected as per criteria. Investigator assessed knowledge by using structured
questionnaire and attitude by 5 point Likert scale before and after administration of planned teaching. The data
was analyzed in terms of the objectives of the study and presented in the form of tables and graphs.
Finding of the study:
The findings of the study includes, the analysis and interpretation of data collected from the family member of
elderly in the selected community area. In this study, out of 100 subjects, most of the subjects 53 ( 53% ) were
females, the age group of 44 ( 44% )subjects was 31 - 40 years, the educational qualification of most of the
subjects 36 (36%) was higher secondary education, majority of the subjects 42 ( 42% ) were self employed, most
of the subjects 60 ( 60% ) belongs to joint type of family, 51 ( 51% ) had annual income between rupees 10,001-
20,000 per month, 77 ( 77% ) subjects had no any previous knowledge about dementia, the source of information
of 10 ( 10% ) subjects was newspapers and magazines.
In pre test, 13% subjects had poor knowledge, majority of the subjects i.e. 79% had significant knowledge,
minority of the subjects 8% had good knowledge and nobody was in excellent group and only 19% subjects had
unfavourable attitude and majority i.e. 81% of the subjects had moderately favourable attitude regarding
dementia and nobody had favourable attitude.
While in post test, out of 100 subjects 4% of the subjects had good knowledge and 96% had excellent knowledge
about dementia. And 10% of the subjects had moderately favourable attitude and majority of the subjects i.e.
90% had favourable attitude regarding the dementia.
The comparison between the mean of pretest and post test for knowledge showed that the mean of differences
was 14.88, the calculated ‘t’ value was 39.199. It shows that there was a significant improvement in the
knowledge of the family members of elderly regarding the dementia.
The comparison between the mean of pretest and post test for attitude showed that the mean of differences was
36.5, the calculated ‘t’ value was 35.07. It shows that there was a significant improvement in the attitude of the
family members of elderly regarding the dementia, so, the null hypothesis H0 is rejected and the research
hypothesis H1 is accepted.
The correlation index between knowledge and attitude related to dementia among family members of elderly are
not significantly associated with each other.
CONCLUSION
The analysis of the study revealed that there was a significant improvement in the knowledge and attitude of the
family members of elderly. The planned teaching proved to be effective in improving the knowledge and attitude
of the family members of elderly in selected community area.
KEY WORDS:
Assessment, effectiveness, planned teaching, knowledge, attitude, dementia.

Received on 27.12.2016 Modified on 16.01.2017

Accepted on 30.01.2017 © A&V Publications all right reserved
Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2017; 5(3): 241-260.
DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2017.00052.7

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 International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 5(3): July- September 2017

INTRODUCTION Dementia is the term which is used to describe a group

“Memory is but the storage of fragmentary but relevant of conditions that affect the brain and cause a
features” progressive decline in the ability to think, remember and
Lewis Carol. learn. It is an issue of global, national and regional
The ageing process is of course a biological reality concern, since it is estimated that there are 36 million
which has its own dynamic, largely beyond human people worldwide living with dementia and that this will
control. However, it is also subject to the constructions double to 66 million by 2030.5
by which each society makes sense of old age. With the
growing number of elderly persons in the world, the Dementia is emerging as a major public health problem
need for adequate health and social care will increase. in India along with the demographic transition towards
Health and social service providers must develop aging .The symptoms of dementia can be categorized
policies and programs allowing the elderly to lead rich into 3 major domains: cognition, behaviour and
and independent lives as long as possible.1 impairment in functioning related to activities of daily
living behavioural disturbances are integral to the
Family is a group consisting of parents and their description of dementing disorders. Behavioural and
children. They are related with each other by blood. psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) can be
Almost everybody have elderly people at their home. defined as a heterogeneous range of psychological
Elderly peoples are having many problems such as they reactions, psychiatric symptoms and behaviours
are unable to hear, understand, remind and take care of occurring in people with dementia of any etiology.6
themselves and so on. So the family members should
have knowledge, information and skills to take care of Life expectancy is increasing as a result of advances in
the elderly.2 medical science and the availability of better health care
services: the proportion of elderly persons in the general
The term senility is used to refer to the period during old population is therefore rising as the risk of dementia
age when a more or less complete physical breakdown increases with increasing age, the number of persons
takes place and there is mental disorganization. Many with dementia in the general population is also rising
people are afraid that growing old means losing the .For example one of the study found that the cumulative
ability to think, reason or remember. They worry when incidence of dementia per 1000 in the USA rose from
they feel confused or forgetful that these feelings are the 3.5 in the 65-69 year age group to 72.8 in those aged 85
first signs of senility. In the past, doctors dismissed years and older, and the incidence per 1000 in another
memory loss, confusion or similar behaviours as a USA study were 2.2 in the group of 65-74 years and 26.0
normal part of ageing. However, scientists now know in those aged 85 years and older.7
that most people remain alert and capable as they age.
They also know that people who experience changes in Aging of the brain is a continuous linear process that begins
personality, behaviour or skills may be suffering from at conception. Two third of all people eventually experience
brain disease called dementia.3,4 some significant loss of mental lucidity and independence
as a result of aging. People aged 60 years and older
Organic mental disorders are behavioural or experience significant cognitive decline, including declines
psychological disorders associated with transient and in memory, concentration, clarity of thought, focus and
permanent brain dysfunction. These disorders have judgment with an increase in the onset of several
demonstrable and independently diagnosable cerebral neurological problems.8
disease or disorder.
According to World health organization, elderly are
Dementia is defined by a loss of previous levels of those at the age of 65 years and more. Many of the
cognitive, executive and memory function in a state of common diseases in this age are either chronic or
full alertness. Dementia is a progressive brain progressive in nature and this makes these people
dysfunction of daily activities and in most cases, leads to dependant on their family and local health services.
the need for long term care. The WHO has defined Some of the common neurological problems during old
dementia syndrome caused by disease of the brain age are Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke
usually of chronic functions, calculations, learning etc.9,10
capacity, language and judgment. Impairment of
cognitive function are commonly accompanied and Caring for a person with dementia at home is a difficult
occasionally preceded by deterioration in emotional task and can become overwhelming at times. Each day
control, social behaviour and motivation.4 brings new challenges as the caregiver copes with
changing levels of ability and new patterns of behaviour.
Research has shown that caregivers themselves often are
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at increased risk for depression and illness, especially if The majority of Alzheimer's cases are sporadic and late-
they do not receive adequate support from family, onset, developing after the age of 65 years. The causes of
friends and the community.11 this disease type are not completely understood. Familial
Alzheimer's disease is a rare form of the disease caused
One of the biggest struggles caregivers face is dealing by certain gene mutations that affects less than 2 percent
with the difficult behaviours of the person they are of Alzheimer's patients. Alzheimer’s disease disrupts the
caring for dressing, bathing, eating basic activities of three processes that keep neurons healthy
daily living often become difficult to manage for both communication, metabolism and repair. The destruction
the person with dementia and the caregiver. Having a of brain cells lead to memory failure, personality
plan for getting through the day can help caregivers changes, and problems on carrying out activities of daily
cope. Many caregivers have found it helpful to use living.16,17
strategies for dealing with difficult behaviours and
stressful situations.12 The memory lapses are similar to those of someone in
the earliest stage of Alzheimer’s, and some experts see it
The potential for caregivers’ difficulty in providing as a precursor to Alzheimer’s or other forms of
home care to patients with dementia increases over time dementia. People with mild cognitive impairment do
as the disease is self care functioning. Stressors include develop Alzheimer’s at higher rates than the general
frustration because of impaired patient communication, population of older adults. But mild cognitive
anger at the patient’s bizarre behaviour fatigue or impairment is not the same as Alzheimer’s, nor does
resentment from constant care responsibilities. If the everyone with mild cognitive impairment develops
caregivers grow increasingly frustrated, feelings of guilt Alzheimer’s. The early symptoms of Alzheimer's disease
may arise and the caregiver may feel as if the patient has can be missed because they resemble signs that many
been neglected.13 people attribute to natural aging. These include
increasing memory loss, starting with forgetting recent
Since most of the aspects are neglected, it is the society of events and new information, and progressing to not
younger generations, other family members, social recognizing friends and family members, difficulty to
organizations and health care personnel to look into the concentrate, coordination and gait disturbances,
matter and show concern. Nursing always has responded insomnia, incontinence, and restlessness.18,19
to the changes in the society’s health care needs. Nursing
needs to identify practice and feasible clinical roles, A study was conducted to assess the family caregiver’s
which provides independent professional practice. burden on caring for a relative with dementia. The result
Among the clinical specialization, geriatric nursing is a showed that 68.02% of caregivers were highly burdened
tangible area where the role of a nurse is accepted and and 65% exhibited depressive symptoms. Burden was
approved. There is need for geriatric nursing care related to patients. Patient psychopathology and
providers to meet the growing proportion of dementia caregiver sex, income and level of education.20
population.14
A study was conducted to improve the family member’s
NEED FOR STUDY: knowledge about dementia which has been associated
The word dementia is an umbrella term, which describes with benefits for their well being. The research shows
serious deteriorations in the mental functions such as that education improved about dementia, as measured by
memory, language, orientation and judgment. Ultimately increased scores on a dementia knowledge questionnaire.
these problems results in alteration in individual’s This study has important implication for public
function to work, social and family responsibilities and education about dementia and resources allocation for
activities of daily living.4 service providers.21

A study was conducted to assess the experiences of care
givers who provide care for family members with
dementia. Results revealed ethno cultural and structural
barriers that family care givers experienced including
stigmatization of dementia in the community, a lack of
knowledge about dementia and negative interactions
with health-care providers. Researcher concludes that
overcoming barriers and working with families and their
community are needed to improve access and dementia
service for clients and their families.15
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There are many myths surrounding dementia that can
obscure our understanding of the issues facing our loved
ones who suffer from dementia diseases.
People suffering from dementia usually do know what
they want, they just have trouble communicating it
properly. It may be useful to take notes on the behavior
of a person with dementia to help determine the causes
of distress or poor behavior. Dementia does not
necessarily occur when a person ages, it is a medical
condition, not inevitable. If it were a natural part of
 International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 5(3): July- September 2017
aging then everyone over the age of 65 would have it;
however, it is estimated that dementia affects 5% of the
population older than 65 with the rates increasing with
increased age. Millions of people age into their 80s and
90s without much memory decline. Dementia can occur
as a result of brain damage due to a head injury, stroke,
alcohol abuse, or brain infection to name a few, causes
that aren’t necessarily related to aging.22
Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia in
people aged 65 and older. There are no available
treatment options for dementia, while it is true that most
types of dementia don’t have a cure, there are treatment
options to manage the symptoms of dementia and
increase the quality of life for dementia patients. Anyone
diagnosed with dementia is unable to make decisions; a
dementia diagnosis does not indicate that your loved one
is incompetent. As dementia progresses, it may be more
difficult for your loved one to weigh options and
understand the consequences involved in making major
decisions, but those with mild dementia who are aware
and comprehensive can be consulted before decisions are
made on their behalf. As a caregiver, you are helpless;
caring for a loved one suffering from dementia can take
a toll on you physically, mentally and emotionally, but
remember that you are making a difference. Learning
about dementia, being present for doctor’s appointments
and asking questions and finding resources for your
loved one are all ways you can help your loved one.23
The world dementia report 2009 had said that there
would be 35 million people worldwide with dementia by
2010. That number is set to almost double every 20 years
to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050.
Scientists had earlier said that by 2020, around 10
million Indians above the age of 65 would suffer from
dementia. By 2040, the number would increase to around
22 million.24
The WHO report also focused on the impact of dementia
physical, psychological and economic on caregivers.
Statistics cited in the report suggested that 40-50% of
caregivers had significant illness as a result of their care
giving and 15-32% had clinically diagnosable
depression. There may also be physical health
consequences; strained caregivers have impaired
immunity and a higher mortality rate. Caring is a full
time job an average of around 8 hours per day for a
relative with moderate to severe dementia require
caregivers to take care of them.25
The caregivers of patients suffering from dementia have
inadequate knowledge of this disease condition. The
studies have revealed that caregivers lack of knowledge,
and they take the difficult decision to place their dear
ones in home care, get no relief and undergo depression
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and anxiety and in fact suffer additional emotional
trauma.25
Many studies done in the relation has revealed that there
are deficits in knowledge regarding the self care deficits
of dementia patients. The studies emphasize that there is
need for special education on self care deficits of clients.
The care givers have to be skilled in knowledge of the
care of these clients. Dementia includes a decline in
memory, reasoning and communication skills, and a
gradual loss of skills needed to carry out daily activities.
These symptoms are caused by changes in the brain as a
result of physical diseases.7
It is estimated that 5.3 million people have Alzheimer's
disease worldwide. Alzheimer's disease is the fifth-
leading cause of death for those aged 65 years and older.
There are 3.7 million elderly currently living with
dementia in India of which 60- 70% are of Alzheimer’s
type. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of
dementia in the United States. It will become even more
common in the coming decades, as the number of elderly
in the population increases.27
Exercise training increases fitness, physical function,
cognitive function, and positive behaviour in people with
dementia and related cognitive impairments. Exercise
was associated with statistically significant positive
treatment effects in older patients with dementia and
cognitive impairments. The meta-analysis results suggest
a medium to large treatment effect for health-related
physical fitness components, and an overall medium
treatment effect for combined physical, cognitive,
functional, and behavioural outcomes. The results
provide preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of
exercise treatments for persons with dementia and
related cognitive impairments.28
Improving public awareness of dementia would improve
quality of life for people with dementia and their
families by putting them in a strong informed position to
seek a diagnosis, plan for the future and make more
appropriate use of health and social services throughout
the course of their condition. Without tackling the issue
of a low level of awareness about dementia, stigma will
continue to act as a barrier to people receiving the
services they need. People are not aware of the range of
symptoms associated with dementia. They are most
likely to view memory loss as a symptom of dementia,
rather than other symptoms such as confusion or
behavioural changes .Family members often feel that
memory problems are a natural part of aging, and may
not see it as a medical problem .In one survey for
example two-third (69%) of respondents believed that
people fail to seek medical advice for memory problems
because they think of it as a natural part of ageing, and
 International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 5(3): July- September 2017

more than a third (39%) felt that people do not consider OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:
memory loss to be a serious medical problem. Lack of Assessment:
awareness and misunderstanding can result in a It is the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or
considerable delay in people with dementia or their ability of someone or something. (Oxford dictionary)
families consulting a doctor after recognizing In this study, it refers to the organized, systematic and
symptoms.7 continuous process of collecting and analyzing the data
In almost every country, the proportion of people aged related to knowledge and attitude regarding dementia
over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group, among family members of elderly before and after
as a result of both longer life expectancy and declining implementation of planned teaching.
fertility rates. India has become close to 80 million
senior citizens. That number is larger than the entire Effectiveness:
population of United Kingdom. It is estimated that the It refers to an act of producing intended results. (Oxford
number of older persons will grow to 137 million by dictionary)
2021 in our country. These changes are due in part to the In this study effectiveness means improving the
rising life expectations and in part to the changing knowledge and attitude of family members of elderly
demographic patterns.2 regarding dementia by planned teaching which may
result difference between pre-test and post-test scores.
The investigator from her own experience during clinical
posting and discussion with experts realized that Planned teaching:
dementia is a growing problem and family members are It is a power point presentation which consists of
not prepared to care for persons with dementia. Very demonstrations and multimedia clippings. (Oxford
often family members prefer to place elderly people in dictionary)
institutions, departing from family. In this study, it refers to systematically developed
teaching to provide information on different aspects of
The researcher observed that old people are at high risk dementia.
for dementia. As the caregivers or family members were
developing stress, conflict, frustrations because lack of Knowledge:
knowledge and unfavourable attitude regarding dementia It refers to the information and skills gained through
and its management, this researcher got interested to experience or education. (Oxford dictionary)
provide awareness regarding dementia and its In this study, it refers to the sum of what is known
management to the family members of elderly to help regarding dementia among family members of elderly.
them to care for their elder ones with positive attitude.
Attitude:
PROBLEM STATEMENT: It refers to a manner of feeling, thinking or behaving that
Assessment of the effectiveness of planned teaching on reflects a state of mind or disposition. (Oxford
knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among dictionary)
family members of elderly in selected community area. In this study it refers to the way the family members
behave or think about dementia.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding the Family members:
dementia among family members of elderly. It refers to a group of people affiliated by consanguity,
2. To assess the level of attitude regarding the dementia affinity, or co-residence and/or shared consumption.
among family members of elderly. Members of the family parents, brothers, sisters, sons,
3. To assess the effectiveness of planned teaching on daughters, etc. (Oxford dictionary)
knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia In this study, it refers to the members who are care
among family members of elderly. givers of elderly between 18 to 55 yrs of age.
4. To determine the association between the
knowledge regarding the dementia among family Elderly:
members of elderly with their selected demographic It refers to the people advanced in years. (Oxford
variables. dictionary)
5. To determine the association between the attitude In this study, it refers to the males and females above 60
regarding the dementia among family members of yrs
elderly with their selected demographic variables.
6. To find out correlation between knowledge and Dementia:
attitude regarding the dementia among family A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes
members of elderly. due to organic brain disease. (Oxford dictionary)
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In this study, it refers to an acquired global impairment and takes mental action or decide to act. Then each reacts
of intellect, memory and personality but without to the other and to the situation (perception, judgment,
impairment of consciousness. action, reaction). According to this theory two people
interact in some situation they interact then interpersonal
SCOPE OF THE STUDY: system are formed, they perceive each other, make
Adequate knowledge regarding the dementia will help to judgment about the others, take some mental action and
reduce the mortality and morbidity among the elderly. react to each one of these. Since these behaviours cannot
be directly observed, one can only make inference about
Planned teaching can be planned for family members in the same. The next step in the process is interaction
selected community area according to the needs of which can be directly observed. The step in this model is
elderly and family members level of understanding transaction which is dependent upon achievement of
goals.
ASSUMPTIONS:
1. The family members of elderly may have The investigator adopted King’s goal attainment theory
inadequate knowledge and unfavorable attitude as a basis for conceptual frame work, to find out these
regarding the dementia. effectiveness and provision of planned teaching by
2. Planned teaching may improve the knowledge of assessing the family members knowledge and attitude
family members of elderly and they may develop before and after giving the planned teaching. The five
favourable attitude regarding the dementia. major concepts of the phenomenon are described as
follows.
HYPOTHESIS:
H0: There is no significant difference in knowledge and Perception:
attitude of family members of elderly regarding the Refers to person’s representation of reality. It is
dementia after planned teaching measured at p<0.05 universal hence highly subjective to each person. It is not
level of significance. observable but it can be inferred. Here the investigator
H1: There is a significant difference in knowledge and perceived that the family members were having
attitude of family members of elderly regarding the inadequate knowledge and unfavourable attitude
dementia after planned teaching measured at p<0.05 regarding dementia. And the family members also
level of significance. perceived that they were having less knowledge
dementia.
LIMITATIONS:
 This study was limited to those family members Judgement:
only who were readily available in the selected The investigator judged (felt the need) that the
community area knowledge and attitude was inadequate among the
 Non probability convenient sampling was done family members regarding dementia and need to
which restrict the generalization of the study. improve knowledge regarding dementia. The family
members also judged the need to update the knowledge
ETHICAL ASPECT: regarding dementia and develop favourable and positive
1) Approval from the institutional ethical committee. attitude.
2) Prior permission from local community leader.
3) Informed consent from the participants. Action:
The nurse educator’s action is to prepare planned
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: teaching regarding dementia. And to take consent that
The theoretical framework of the study is based upon they are ready to receive planned teaching and
Imogene King Goal attainment theory. The major participate in the study.
elements of the theory of goal attainment are seen "in the
interpersonal systems in which two people, who are Mutual goal:
usually strangers, come together in a health care The nurse educator’s mutual goal is to involve family
organization to help and be helped to maintain a state of members of the elderly to gain adequate knowledge and
health that permits functioning in roles". The theory's favourable attitude towards dementia.
focus on interpersonal systems reflects King's belief that Reaction:
the practice of nursing is differentiated from that of other In this study investigator as a nurse’s reaction is setting
health professions by what nurses do with and for mutual goal and plan for assessing the knowledge and
individuals. Each of the individuals involved in an attitude regarding dementia among family members of
interaction brings different ideas, attitude and perceptions the elderly by conducting pre-test.
to the exchange. The individuals come together for a
purpose and perceive each other; each makes a judgment

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Interaction: members by giving pre test followed by providing

If individual goal directed pre-planned & commended. planned teaching.
In this study the investigator interacted with the family

Figure no.1. - Conceptual frame work based on king’s goal attainment theory

Transaction: of the other two properties that characterise true

It depends upon the attainment of goal. In this study the experiments. These designs are generally used to
investigator reassess the knowledge and attitude establish the causality in situations where researchers are
regarding the dementia and obtains their opinion about not able to randomly assign the subjects to group or for
planned teaching. various reasons like no control group is available for an
experimental study.
II.REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
The review of literature has been organized under the One group pre-test post-test design has been used to find
following headings: the effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge and
I. Review of literature related to the dementia attitude regarding the dementia among the family
II. Review of literature related to knowledge and members of the elderly in a selected community area and
attitude regarding the dementia also to determine the association between knowledge
III. Review of literature related to effectiveness of and attitude of family members regarding the dementia
planned teaching on knowledge and attitude with their selected demographic variables.
regarding the dementia
A pre-test was administered on day 1 by means of
III.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: structured questionnaire and 5 point Likert scale
RESEARCH APPROACH: depicted as Q1 and then planned teaching also was
Present study was conducted with the primary objective conducted on day 1 and depicted as X. Post test was
of determining the effectiveness of planned teaching on conducted on day 7 using the same structured
knowledge and attitude regarding dementia among the questionnaire and 5 point Likert scale depicted as under.
family members of the elderly in a selected community Thus the research design can be (Q1, X,Q2)
area. Hence evaluative research approach was Table I- Assessment of level of knowledge and attitude
considered as appropriate. With this quantitative Pre Intervention Post
approach it would be possible to evaluate the knowledge Group test Planned teaching test
and attitude the regarding the dementia among the family Days
Experimental Q1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Q2
members of elderly in a selected community area. group
X - - - - -
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test research Q1- pretest
design involves the manipulation of independent variable Q2- posttest
to observe the effect on dependent variable. These X- planned teaching
designs have an element of manipulation but at least one
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VARIABLES OF THE STUDY: manipulated by the investigator are called as dependent

Variables are the qualities, properties or characteristics
of persons, things or situations that change or vary and
are manipulated or measured in research.
1. Independent variable
2. Dependent variable
3. Extraneous variables
Independent variables:
Variables that are purposefully manipulated or change
by the investigator are called as independent variables In
the study independent variable is planned teaching on
dementia.
Dependent variables:
Variables that change as the independent variable
variables. In the study dependent variable is knowledge
and attitude regarding dementia among family members
of the elderly.
Extraneous variables:
Variables that control all variables except the one that is
manipulated, but in reality one can directly control very
few variables are called as extraneous variables. In the
study extraneous variables are age, sex, education,
occupation, type of family, annual income, previous
knowledge and source of information.

Figure 2 : Schematic presentation of the research methodology

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SETTING OF THE STUDY: Sampling technique used in the study is non probability
Setting refers to the area where the study is conducted. It convenient sampling. According to Polit and Beck non
is the physical location and condition in which data probability convenient sampling entails the selection of
collection takes place in a study. The selection of an most readily available 100 individuals as subject in the
appropriate setting for conducting a study is crucial for study, it represents typical conditions and investigator’s
its successful completion. The study was conducted in knowledge about population and its elements can be
selected community area. The rationale for selected this used to select cases.
setting was an easy transport, familiarity with the setting,
administrative approval, co-operation and availability of The investigator preferred to choose this sampling
subjects. technique because of the constraint of time and in order
to complete the data collection within the stipulated
DESCRIPTION ABOUT EVENT: time.
The study was conducted in the selected area of
community. Prior permission was taken from the Sample size:
competent authority. On day 1 the researcher visited the It is the number of subjects being selected in the study.
community and collected the people on the school 100 family members were the sample size for this study
ground. Consent was taken from the participants and as mentioned in the inclusion criteria.
pre-test papers were given. Planned teaching was given
to them on dementia and thanks were given to all SAMPLING CRITERIA:
participants for participating in the study. After 7 daysInclusion criteria:
the post-test was conducted and the results were The criteria that specify the characteristics that the
calculated. population does have.
In this study the inclusion criteria was
POPULATION: - Family members of the elderly staying with them
Population denotes the entire group of subjects under and willing to participate in this study.
study. The population selected for the present study are - Family members of the elderly who knows Marathi/
family members of the elderly. Hindi languages

TARGET POPULATION: Exclusion Criteria:

The entire population in which the investigator is
interested and in which they would like to generalize the
research findings.
In this study, it includes the family members of elderly
in selected community area.
The criteria that has a direct bearing on condition,
intervention or results.
In this study the exclusion criteria was
Family members of the elderly who already had
undergone similar training program.

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION: TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION:

The aggregate of cases that confirm to designated A tool is an instrument or equipment used for collection
of data.
inclusion and exclusion criteria and that are accessible as
subjects of the study. The study was aimed at assessment of the effectiveness
of planned teaching on knowledge and attitude regarding
In this study, it refers to family members of elderly in the dementia among family members of the elderly in
selected community area meeting the inclusion and selected community area. Hence, a self administered
exclusion criteria. structured knowledge questionnaire and Likert scale to
assess attitude was used.
SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
Sample: The investigator developed the tool after updating the
Sample is the proportion or subset of population. A theoretical knowledge regarding the dementia. The
sample is the most basic unit, about which information is investigators own experience, theoretical knowledge and
collected. In the study sample is the family members of guidance from the experts along with the review of
the elderly who fulfil the inclusion and exclusion literature helped in developing the tool necessary for the
criteria. study.

Sampling technique: DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL:

Sampling is the process of selecting samples from the Based on the objectives of the study, a structured
target population to represent the entire population. knowledge questionnaire was prepared to evaluate the
knowledge and attitude of family members before and
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after intervention (planned teaching). After extensive PLANNED TEACHING ON DEMENTIA:

and systematic review of literature the investigator The planned teaching was prepared for the people in the
developed this questionnaire and Likert scale. The community
sources of tool construction were; review of literature The steps adopted in the development of the planned
from textbooks, journals and online source reports, and teaching were thorough review of relevant published
other publications and thesis and discussion with the literature and websites and text books on various aspects
experts. Experts were in the field of psychiatric nursing of dementia.
and psychiatry which enlightened and refined the
investigators idea about the tool preparation. FEASIBILITY OF THE STUDY:
Feasibility of the questionnaire was conducted on 10
DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL: family members of elderly in selected community area to
Section –A –Demographic data: check the clarity and ambiguity of the items. It took
It comprised of 8 items seeking information on about 45-50 minutes to complete the questionnaire. The
demographic data such as gender, age, educational questionnaire was found to be unambiguous, feasible and
status, occupation, type of family, annual income of the understandable.
family, previous knowledge about dementia and the
sources of information, if any. PILOT STUDY:
Section –B –Questionnaire to assess the level of “A pilot study is a miniature run of the main study.”
knowledge regarding the dementia Pilot study helps the investigator to assess the
It consisted of structured questionnaire on knowledge effectiveness of the data collection plan, identify the
regarding the dementia, which comprised of 30 items. inadequacies of the plan and make due modifications as
required, find out the feasibility of conducting the study
The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 30 multiple and to determine the methods of statistical analysis.
choice questions. Each question had 4 options in which
one option was correct and others were incorrect. Every The investigator conducted the pilot study in the month
correct response was given the score 1and every of December 2015. The duration of pilot study was
unanswered and incorrect response was given 0. The 7/12/2015 to 13/12/2015. Permission from the Sarpanch
maximum score on knowledge questionnaire was 30. of the village was obtained before conducting the study.
Knowledge was graded from poor knowledge to The purposes of the usefulness of the study were
excellent knowledge based on the scores. This grading explained to the concerned authorities before taking
was only for the purpose of the study. The different permission.
levels of knowledge were categorized as follows,
The investigator carried out the pilot study for the total
Table II- Categorization of level of knowledge 10 subjects. The non probability convenient sampling
S.N. SCORE RANGE LEVEL technique was used for the selection of the sample. On
1 1-7 1-7 Poor
2 8-15 8-15 Satisfactory
the first day of the study, pre-test was conducted, after
3 16-22 16-22 Good giving prior instruction regarding context of the study
4 23-30 23-30 Excellent and taken written consent from the samples to assess the
level of knowledge and attitude regarding dementia.
Section –C – Likert scale to assess the level of attitude Questionnaire was administered, each sample required
about dementia mean time of 45 minutes to complete the structured
This section deals with the assessment of attitude questionnaire. After the pre-test, planned teaching was
regarding dementia by using modified Likert scale. conducted on dementia. The post-test was conducted
The scale consists of 25 statements measured in 5 with the same questionnaire on the 7th day after planned
response scale that is strongly agree, agree, undecided, teaching.
disagree, strongly disagree. The response were measured
on the basis of positive and negative form of questions Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential
from 1-5 and 5-1 respectively. The maximum score for statistics. Findings indicated that the planned teaching
attitude scale was 125 and minimum score was 25. was effective in improving the knowledge and attitude of
the family members regarding dementia.
Table III- Categorization of the level of attitude
LEVEL OF ATTITUDE RANGE RELIABILITY OF THE TOOL:
Unfavourable attitude <50%
Moderately favourable attitude 50-75%
The reliability of a measuring instrument is a major
Favourable attitude >75% criterion for assessing its quality and adequacy.
The reliability was established by Split half method. So
in split half method the KR-20 formula is applied to find
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out the reliability. The reliability for structured The collection of data was performed within the
knowledge questionnaire was r = 0.72. It is reliable to stipulated time. After the data gathering process the
the instrument. investigator thanked all the study subjects as well as the
authorities for their co-operation.
Investigator has an attitude Likert scale, so the
Spearman-Brown formula used to find out the reliability PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:
value, the reliability value is 0.92 it’s highly reliable. It is the plan to analyse the data by using descriptive and
inferential statistics on the basis of objectives and
VALIDITY: hypothesis of the study. To compute the data, a master
“Validity is the most critical criterion and indicates the data sheet was prepared by the investigator.
degree to which an instrument measures what is Data collected was analysed in the following steps.
supposed to be measured.”  Data were organised in master sheet
 The frequencies and percentage for the analysis of
To obtain the content validity of the tool, the prepared demographic variables
tool with the synopsis, planned teaching on dementia,  Mean, mean score percentage and standard
evaluators response sheet and content validity certificate deviation for pre-test and post-test score
were submitted to 11 experts in the field of psychiatric  Paired ‘t’ test to determine significance of difference
nursing and psychiatry. All validated tools were received between mean pre-test score and mean post test
back from the experts with their valuable suggestions score. Mean gain of knowledge score before and
and comments. after administration of structured teaching

Their suggestions were taken into consideration and the ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:
modifications were incorporated in the final preparation Organization and presentation of the data:
of the structured knowledge questionnaire, attitude scale The raw data collected were entered in the master sheet.
and planned teaching. The analysis and interpretation of the observations were
done by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The
DATA COLLECTION METHOD: data were organised and presented under the following
It is a precise systematic gathering of information headings.
relevant to the research purpose or the specific objective, Section I-
or hypothesis of a study. The procedure for collecting Data on demographic variables among family members
data is not a mechanical process that can be carefully of elderly
planned prior to initiation.
Section II-
PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION: Assessment of knowledge regarding the dementia among
Formal written permission was obtained from the family members of elderly
selected community area. Data was collected from
participants. Section III-
Assessment of attitude regarding the dementia among
Data collection technique used was self reporting. The family members of elderly
investigator personally approached subjects and
explained the purposes of the study and how it would be Section IV-
beneficial for them, and confirmed their willingness to Effectiveness of planned teaching on knowledge and
participate in the study, written consent was obtained attitude regarding the dementia among family members
from the study subjects and confidentiality of their of elderly.
response was maintained. The investigator collected a
Section V-
group of subjects, made them comfortable and oriented
Association between the knowledge regarding the
them to the study and administered questionnaire to
dementia among family members of elderly with their
them, instructed them not to interact with each other and
selected demographic variables.
their doubts were clarified. Once the questionnaire was
completed, investigator collected them back. The Section VI -
subjects required mean time of 45 minutes to complete Association between the attitude regarding the dementia
the structured questionnaire. After the pre-test planned among family members of elderly with their selected
teaching was conducted on the same day to enhance their demographic variables.
knowledge. Post-test was conducted on the 7th day with
the same questionnaire. Section VII-
Correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding
the dementia among family members of elderly.
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Frequency and percentage distribution of family members of elderly with regard to their demographic variables n=100
Sr. no Demographic variables Frequency (n) Percentage (%)
1 Sex
a Male 47 47%
b Female 53 53%
2 Age
a 18 to 30 23 23%
b 31 to 40 44 44%
c 41 to 50 23 23%
d 51 to 60 10 10%
3 Education status
a Primary education 13 13%
b Secondary education 31 31%
c Higher secondary education 36 36%
d Graduation 20 20%
4 Occupation
a Housewife 31 31%
b Self employed 42 42%
c Professionals 27 27%
5 Type of family
a Nuclear 37 37%
b Joint 60 60%
c Extended 3 3%
6 Annual income
a Less than Rs. 10,000/month 9 9%
b Rs. 10,001 – 20,000/month 51 51%
c Rs. 20,001 – 30,000/month 34 34%
d More than Rs. 30,001/month 6 6%
7 Previous knowledge about dementia
a Yes 23 23%
b No 77 77%
8 If yes, the source of information is
a Newspaper / Magazines 10 10%
b T.V / Internet 5 5%
c Health professional 4 4%
d Family 3 3%
e Friends 1 1%

SECTION II
ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE REGARDING THE DEMENTIA AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF ELDERLY
Table V- Frequency and percentage distribution of family members according to level of knowledge. n=100
Sr. no Level of Knowledge Pre test Post test
Frequency n Percentage % Frequency N Percentage %
1 Poor (1-7) 13 13% 0 0%
2 Satisfactory (8-15) 79 79% 0 0%
3 Good (16-22) 8 8% 4 4%
4 Excellent (23-30) 0 0% 96 96%

Table VI- Frequency and percentage distribution of family members according to level of attitude n=100
Sr. no Level of Attitude Pre test Post test
Frequency n Percentage % Frequency N Percentage %
1 Unfavourable ( < 50%) 19 19% 0 0%
2 Moderately favourable ( 51-75%) 1 81% 10 10%
3 Favourable ( >75%) 0 0% 90 90%

SECTION III
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE DEMENTIA AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF
ELDERLY.

Table VII- Mean, standard deviation, mean of differences in scores and ‘t’ value for knowledge regarding the dementia.n=100
Sr no Test Mean Standard deviation (S.D) Mean of differences in score (M.D) ‘t’ value
1 Pre test 10.84 3.024 14.88 39.199*
2 Post test 25.72 1.52
P < 0.05 level *significant

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SECTION IV
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLANNED TEACHING ON ATTITUDE REGARDING THE DEMENTIA AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF
ELDERLY.

Table VIII- Mean, standard deviation, mean of differences in scores and ‘t’ value for attitude regarding the dementia.n=100
Sr no Test Mean Standard deviation Mean of differences in score ‘t’ value
1 Pre test 67.52 6.00 36.5 35.07*
2 Post test 104.07 7.32
P < 0.05 level *significant

Figure 11. Pre-test and post test knowledge regarding the dementia

Pre test percentage

Post Test Percentage
90% 90%
81%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30% 19%
20%
10% 0% 10%
0%
0%
Unfavourable ( <50
%) Moderately
Favourable ( 51-75 Favourable ( > 75
%) %)

Figure12. Pre-test and post test level of attitude regarding the dementia

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Figure 13. Comparison of mean pretest and post test knowledge and attitude score regarding the dementia among family members of
elderly
SECTION V
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING THE DEMENTIA AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF ELDERLY
WITH THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
Table IX- Association between knowledge with their selected demographic variables n=100
2
Sr. no Demographic variables Knowledge score Chi square ( )
Poor Satisfactory Good
1 Sex
a. Male 6 41 0 2=7.85*
b. Female 7 38 8 df=2
2. Age in years
a. 18 - 30 5 15 3 2=10.66 NS
b. 31 - 40 8 32 4 df=6
c. 41 - 50 0 22 1
d. 51 - 60 0 10 0
3 Educational status
a. Primary education 1 11 1 2=9.6569 NS
b. Secondary education 4 26 1 df=6
c. Higher secondary education 7 27 2
d. Graduation 1 15 4
4 Occupation
a. House wife 5 21 5 2=5.522 NS
b. Self employed 6 34 2 df=4
c. Professionals 2 24 1
2
Sr. no Demographic variables Knowledge score Chi square ( )
Poor Satisfactory Good
5 Family type
a. Nuclear 3 31 3 2=7.67 NS
b. Joint 9 46 5 df=4
c. Extended 1 2 0
6 Annual income
a. a. Less than Rs.10,000/month 2 4 3 2=19.356*
b. b. Rs.10,001-20,000/month 9 40 2 df=6
c. c. Rs.20,000-30,000/month 2 31 1
d. d. More than Rs.30,001/month 0 4 2
7 Previous knowledge about dementia
a. a. Yes 2 15 6 2=13.342*
b. b. No 11 64 2 df=2
8 If yes, the source of information
a. a. Newspaper / Magazines 1 6 3 2=68.898*
b. b. T.V / Internet 1 3 1 df=8
c. c. Health professional 0 3 1
d. d. Family 0 2 1
e. e. Friends 0 1 0
*significant
NS- non significant
df-degree of freedom

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SECTION VI
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE ATTITUDE REGARDING THE DEMENTIA AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF THE ELDERLY
WITH THEIR SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES.
Table X- Association between attitude with their selected demographic variables. n=100
Sr. no. Demographic variables Attitude score Chi square
Unfavourable Moderately favourable (2)
1 Sex
a. Male 12 35 2=2.4579NS
b. Female 7 46 df=1
2 Age in years
a. 18 – 30 5 18 2=4.46 NS
b. 31 – 40 10 34 df=3
c. 41 – 50 1 22
d. 51 – 60 3 7
3 Educational status
a. Primary education 4 9 2=4.06 NS
b. Secondary education 4 27 df=3
c. Higher secondary education 5 31
d. Graduation 6 14
4 Occupation
a. House wife 5 26 2=1.101 NS
b. Self employed 10 32 Cont…df=2
c. Professionals 4 23
Sr. no. Demographic variables Attitude score Chi square
Unfavourable Moderately favourable 2)
5 Family type
a. Nuclear 6 31 2=1.15 NS
b. Joint 13 47 df=2
c. Extended 0 3
6 Annual income
a. Less than Rs.10,000/month 3 6 2=5.99 NS
b. Rs.10,001-20,000/month 5 46 df=3
c. Rs.20,001-30,000/month 9 25
d. More than Rs.30,001/month 2 4
7 Previous knowledge about dementia
a. Yes 6 17 2=0.972 NS
b. No 13 64 df=1
8 If yes, the source of information
a. Newspaper / Magazines 4 6 2=70.36*
b. T.V / Internet 1 4 df=4
c. Health professional 1 3
d. Family 0 3
e. Friends 0 1
*significant
NS- not significant
df- degree of freedom

SECTION VII The data in above table shows correlation between the
CORRELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND pre-test level of knowledge and attitude of the family
ATTITUDE REGARDING THE DEMENTIA members of elderly regarding dementia. Product moment
AMONG FAMILY MEMBERS OF ELDERLY. correlation Karl Pearson’s correlation is applied to find
This section deals with the correlation between out the correlations between knowledge and attitude. The
knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among calculated value of correlation index is - 0.79, which is
family members of elderly. much smaller than the tabulated value that is 0.16 at
degree of freedom 98. So the correlation index between
Table XI- Correlation between knowledge and attitude regarding
the dementia among family members of elderly. n=100 knowledge and attitude regarding the dementia among
Sr Test Mean Standard ‘r’ value family members of elderly are not significantly
no deviation (S.D) correlated with each other. So the hypothesis is rejected.
1 Pre test 10.84 3.01
(knowledge) - 0.79NS
V. SUMMARY, MAJOR FINDINGS, DISCUSSION,
2 Pre test 25.72 19.89
(attitude) CONCLUSION, IMPLICATIONS AND
r < 0.05 level *significant RECOMMENDATIONS:
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of

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data collected from the family member of the elderly in Distribution of subjects according to the demographic
the selected community area. In this study, out of 100 variables shows that, out of the 100 subjects 47 (47%)
subjects, most of the subjects 53 (53%) were females, subjects were males and 53(53%) were females. 23
the age group of 44 ( 44% ) subjects was 31 - 40 years, (23%) subjects were between the age group of 18 – 30
the educational qualification of most of the subjects 36 years, 44 (44%) of 31- 40 years, 23 (23%) of 41- 50
(36%) was higher secondary education, majority of the years and 10 (10%) of the age group of 51- 60 years.
subjects 42 (42%) were self employed, most of the 13(13%) subjects had taken primary education, 31(31%)
subjects 60 ( 60% ) belonged to joint type of family, 51 completed secondary education, 36(36%) completed
(51%) had annual income between rupees 10,001- higher secondary education and 20 (20%) were educated
20,000 per month, 77 (77%) subjects had not any up to graduation. 31(31%) subjects were house wives,
previous knowledge about dementia, the source of 42(42%) self employed and 27(27%) were professionals
information of 10 (10%) subjects was newspapers and by occupation. 37(37%) subjects were living in a nuclear
magazines. family, 60(60%) in joint family and 3 (3%) were in
extended family. 9(9%) subjects had annual income less
In pre test, 13% subjects had poor knowledge, majority than Rs. 10,000/ month, 51 (51%) had 10,001 to
of the subjects i.e. 79% had significant knowledge, 20,000/month, 34(34%) had 20,001 to 30,001/month and
minority of the subjects 8% had good knowledge and 6 (6%) had annual income more than Rs.30,001/month.
nobody was in excellent group and only 19% subjects 23(23%) subjects had previous knowledge about
had unfavourable attitude and majority i.e. 81% of the dementia while 77(77%) did not have any knowledge
subjects had moderately favourable attitude regarding about dementia. The source of information of 10(10%)
the dementia and nobody had favourable attitude. subjects was newspapers / magazines, while 5 (5%) had
T.V / Internet as a source of information, 4 (4%) got
While in post test, out of 100 subjects 4% of the subjects information from health professionals, 3 got information
had good knowledge and 96% had excellent knowledge from family and 1 subject got information from friend.
about dementia and 10% of the subjects had moderately
favourable attitude and majority of the subjects i.e. 90% The findings of the study shows that the mean pre-test
had favourable attitude regarding the dementia. score was 10.84 with the standard deviation of 3.024,
whereas in post test it was 25.72 with the standard
The comparison between the mean of pretest and post deviation of 1.52. The mean difference in pre-test and
test for knowledge showed that the mean of differences post test scores was 14.88. The calculated ‘t’ value was
was 14.88, the calculated ‘t’ value was 39.199. It shows 39.199. It shows that the calculated ‘t’ value was much
that there was a significant improvement in the higher than the tabulated ‘t’ value. It shows that there
knowledge of the family members of elderly regarding was a significant improvement in the knowledge of
the dementia. family members of elderly after planned teaching.

The comparison between the mean of pre-test and post
test for attitude showed that the mean of differences was
36.5, the calculated ‘t’ value was 35.07. It shows that
there was a significant improvement in the attitude of the
family members of elderly regarding the dementia, so,
the null hypothesis H0 is rejected and the research
hypothesis H1 is accepted.
The correlation index between knowledge and attitude
regarding the dementia among family members of
elderly are not significantly correlated with each other
The mean pre-test score was 67.52 with the standard
deviation of 6.00, whereas in post test it was 104.07 with
the standard deviation of 7.32. The mean difference in
pre-test and post test scores was 36.5. The calculated ‘t’
value was 35.07 whereas the tabulated ‘t’ value was
2.021, it shows that the calculated ‘t’ value was much
higher than the tabulated ‘t’ value. It shows that the
planned teaching was effective in significantly
improving the attitude of family members of elderly
regarding the dementia.

DISCUSSION: Thus the null hypothesis ( H0 ) i.e. “There is no

The findings of the study were discussed with reference
to the objectives stated in chapter I and with the findings
of the other sections. The present study was undertaken
as, “Assessment of the effectiveness of planned teaching
programme on knowledge and attitude regarding the
dementia among the family members of elderly in
selected community area.”
significant difference in knowledge and attitude of
family members of elderly regarding the dementia after
planned teaching measured at p<0.05 level of
significance” is rejected and the research hypothesis
(H1),” There is a significant difference in knowledge and
attitude of family members of elderly regarding the
dementia after planned teaching measured at p<0.05
level of significance”, is accepted.

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A descriptive study was conducted to systematic 53% failed to receive a medical evaluation for this
review and partial meta-analysis of physical activity problem. The study concluded that unrecognized
interventions in people with dementia in United dementia was common in our population, especially
Kingdom. The sample size was 896 participants. The among mild cases. Cognitive screening programs for the
information was collected by searching eight databases elderly and public education policies designed to
for English language papers and reference lists of increase awareness of early signs of dementia are needed
relevant papers. Studies compared the intervention with if interventions for individuals with potentially treatable
a non-active or a no-intervention control and reported at dementias are to be implemented.
least one outcome related to physical function, quality of
life or depression. The study concluded that three of six CONCLUSION:
trials that reported walking as an outcome found an After the detailed analysis, this study leads to the
improvement, as did four of the five trials reporting following conclusion.
timed get up and go tests. Only one of the four trials that
reported depression as an outcome found a positive Planned teaching on dementia was found to be effective
effect. in improving the knowledge and attitude of family
members of the elderly. Family members of elderly had
An epidemiological study was conducted in Pune on a significant gain in knowledge and improvement in
dementia under the aegis of mental health program. The attitude regarding the dementia.
data was collected from 2145 people over 65yrs by door
to door survey. The study results showed that the An association was found between sex, annual income of
prevalence of dementia was 4.1%. The study concluded family members, previous knowledge about dementia
that poor awareness was a key public-health problem. and sources of information with knowledge score and
The withdrawal of the elderly from the previous societal sources of information with the attitude score. Rests of
role, reduction in all types of interaction that is shift of the demographic variables did not show any association
attention from outer world to the inner world, reduction with the knowledge score and attitude score.
in the power and prestige of the elderly enhance aging
process. Hence, based on the above findings, it was concluded
undoubtedly that the written prepared material by the
A comparative study was conducted to know the investigator in the form of planned teaching helped the
awareness of cognitive deficits in adults with cognitive family members of elderly to improve their knowledge
impairment no dementia. This study examined whether and attitude regarding the dementia.
community volunteers with cognitive impairment no
dementia and reduced awareness had worse cognitive IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY:
performance and cognitive decline over 18 months than The findings of the present study have implication not
cognitive impairment no dementia participants with only in the field of nursing but also in allied areas. The
intact awareness or healthy controls. The data was information obtained could be utilized by the educators,
collected from 92 participants with cognitive impairment curriculum planners and administrators in order to
no dementia and 91 healthy controls with their respective integrate dementia programs into the educational as well
informants. The study concluded that reduced awareness as training Programme as dementia remains a national
of deficit may be uncommon in community volunteer priority and major problem. More research work needs
samples with cognitive impairment no dementia. In to be conducted in this area in order to identify the
addition, self-report of cognitive complaints may be at problems related to dementia. The findings of the study
least as useful as informant report when screening may be helpful for the future studies.
community-dwelling older adults at risk of cognitive Nursing Service:
decline and dementia.
 Regular health education program should be carried
A population based study was conducted among elderly out by hospital Nurse, in community areas.
Japanese American men living on the island of Oahu,  The mental health educators can assess needs of the
Hawaii. Data for this study were from the dementia family members regarding various aspects of
prevalence survey. A total of 21% of family informants dementia and provide services to them through
failed to recognize a problem with memory among organizing health check up camps at village level.
subjects subsequently found to have dementia. Among  Family members to provide the elderly with a secure
subjects with very mild dementia, 52% of family & healthy environment to avoid dementia and related
informants failed to recognize a significant memory complications.
problem compared with 13% among more severely  Organize health camps to identify high-risk elderly
demented subjects. Of the subjects with dementia whose for dementia in the community areas.
family informants did recognize a memory problem,  Mental health nurses can suggest and organize the
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 International Journal of Nursing Education and Research 5(3): July- September 2017
planned teaching to follow life style measures like 
exercise, stress management and yoga, which will
promote healthy lifestyle.
 Mass health education campaigns should be 
organized regularly by the health teams to provide
education on dementia.
Nursing Education:
 Nurse educators need to lay emphasis on dementia
which should include- causes, effects, treatment and
preventive aspects.
 Nurse educators need to lay emphasis on dementia
which should include- teacher should be taught
regarding the various aspects of dementia using
various A-V aids etc. Charts, puppet shows, flip
charts and the actual devices so that they can
educate the students in the schools, colleges and
community people by motivating them to give
awareness programmed to the peoples regarding
dementia.
 Conducting in service education program for Nurses
& health workers regarding, various aspects of
dementia.
Nursing Administration:
 Nurse administrators should take the initiative in
organizing continuing education programs for
Nurses regarding various aspects of dementia.
 Appropriate teaching / learning material needs to be
prepared and made available for Nurses.
 Helping in early identification of dementia in the
elderly from other settings by providing proper tools
and aids.
Nursing Research:
Research should be conducted to assess the knowledge
and attitude of family members regarding the dementia
and associated problems. So that we can develop health
education packages related to dementia during old age.
More research is needed to find out the causes and
factors predisposing to dementia. It can also help in
finding out better alternatives for the elderly at risk and
at the time when they are on the verge of becoming
victims of dementia.
LIMITATIONS:
This study is limited to those family members only who
are readily available in the selected community area. 20.
Non probability convenient sampling was done which
restrict the generalization of the study. 21.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
 Formal education Programme should be conducted
in all primary schools regarding dementia. 22.
 The study can be replicated on a large sample; and
on various settings, so that findings can be 23.
generalized to a large population.
259
Such studies can be carried out using other teaching
strategies like planned teaching, computer-assisted
instruction on dementia etc.
Comparative surveys can be carried out to ascertain
the knowledge of dementia among family members
of the elderly between urban and rural area of the
community.
 Similar studies can be conducted on to evaluate the
effectiveness of self instructional module on
dementia.
REFERENCE:
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