LIFE OF MUHAMMAD FROM BIRTH TO HIJRAT

Muhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān, Islam’s sacred
scripture. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth
about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. According to Islamic tradition, the Qurʾān,
understood as a literal transcription of the speech of God (Allah), was revealed to Muhammad
in stages by the archangel Gabriel, beginning in 610.

Born in Mecca about 570 CE, Muhammad married a wealthy widow, Khadījah, in 595. In 610 he
experienced a vision of the archangel Gabriel. His public preaching aroused opposition from
other clans of his tribe. He undertook his miraculous Night Journey (Isrāʾ) from Mecca to
Jerusalem, where he prayed with Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. After his clan withdrew its
protection, he fled to Medina in 622 and repulsed two attacks by Meccan forces in 625 and 627.
He concluded a truce with Mecca in 628 but later forced it to submit. He led the Farewell
Pilgrimage to Mecca, the precedent for the hajj, in 632, the year of his death.

Most of the biographical information that the Islamic tradition preserves about Muhammad
thus occurs outside the Qurʾān, in the so-called sīrah (Arabic: “biography”) literature. Arguably
the single most important work in the genre is Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq’s (died 767–768) Kitāb al-
maghāzī (“Book of [the Prophet’s] Military Expeditions”). However, this work is extant only in
later reworkings and abridgements, of which the best known is ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Hishām’s (died
833–834) Sīrat Muḥammad rasūl Allāh (“Life of Muhammad, the Messenger of God”). Ibn
Isḥāq’s original book was not his own composition but rather a compilation of autonomous
reports about specific events that took place during the life of Muhammad and also prior to it,
which Ibn Isḥāq arranged into what he deemed to be their correct chronological order and to
which he added his own comments. Each such report is normally introduced by a list of names
tracing it through various intermediaries back to its ultimate source, which in many cases is an
eyewitness—for example, the Prophet’s wife ʿĀʾishah. Variants of the material compiled by Ibn
Isḥāq, as well as further material about events in Muhammad’s life, are preserved in works by
other authors, such as Abd al-Razzāq (died 827), al-Wāqidī (died 823), Ibn Saʿd (died 845), and
al-Ṭabarī (died 923).
What are the traditional events of Muhammad’s life?
Born in Mecca about 570 CE, Muhammad married a wealthy widow, Khadījah, in 595. In 610 he
experienced a vision of the archangel Gabriel. His public preaching aroused opposition from
other clans of his tribe. He undertook his miraculous Night Journey (Isrāʾ) from Mecca to
Jerusalem, where he prayed with Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. After his clan withdrew its
protection, he fled to Medina in 622 and repulsed two attacks by Meccan forces in 625 and 627.
He concluded a truce with Mecca in 628 but later forced it to submit. He led the Farewell
Pilgrimage to Mecca, the precedent for the hajj, in 632, the year of his death.

Muhammad was orphaned and brought up by his uncle, Abu Talib. Following the Night of
Power , Muhammad began preaching, which made the leaders of Makkah angry. Muhammad
left Makkah to live in Madinah. There was a war in Makkah between Muhammad and the
Quraysh tribe, and Muhammad won.

Terms in this set (10)

Birth. Born in 570 CE.

Upbringing. After death of his parents, Muhammad was raised by his uncle Abu
Talib, a merchant of considerable wealth and standing. ...

Occupation

Marriage

Night of Destiny

Death of First Wife

Night Journey

Beginning of the Muslim calender

Brotherhood of madina peoples

The verse refers to equality between individuals and lack of difference in terms of ethnic group,
tribe and race. ... Brotherhood of believers in religion is another conception of the verse. The
Islamic prophet Muhammad instituted brotherhood between the emigrants and helpers and he
chose Ali as his own brother.

Most fraternities would agree that brotherhood is an important aspect of what fraternity life
stands for. It is the soul of the fraternity that binds its members together and allows them to
strive towards greater goals

The "Verse of Brotherhood" (Arabic: ‫آیة االخوة‬, romanized: Āyat al-Ukhuwah) is the tenth verse of
the Quranic chapter "Al-Hujurat" . The verse is about the brotherhood of believers with each
other; which says: "the believers are but brothers, so make settlement between your brothers.
And fear Allah that you may receive mercy .

Fundamental Islamic society motto is the believers are nothing else than brethren. The verse
refers to equality between individuals and lack of difference in terms of ethnic group, tribe and
race. It is suggested that the verse refers to the necessity of reforming between religious
brothers. Brotherhood of believers in religion is another conception of the verse.

The Islamic prophet Muhammad instituted brotherhood between the emigrants and helpers
and he chose Ali as his own brother. According to Shia this happened after the revelation of the
verse of brotherhood

Relationship between believers should be firm and bilateral. Two brothers are same as two
hands washing each other. Conflicts among brothers are to be replaced by peace and sincerity.
According to a Prophetic tradition: "Muslims are brethren, they never do wrong to each other,
they never forgo supporting each other, they never abandon their brethren in hardships."[5]
Imam Sadiq says: "Muslims are brethren and serves as each other’s eye and guide. They never
betray each other. They never do wrong to each other. They never deceive each other. They
never break their promises.
Charter of madina
The Medina Charter, which provided a basis for a city-state between the Muslims and the Jews
in the medieval Muslim city of Medina, was the first written constitution in Islam and the first
documented case of constitutional law. It is also a historical example of conflict resolution in
Islam. Constitution of Medina, document from early Islamic history based upon two
agreements concluded between the clans of Medina and the Prophet Muhammad soon after
the Hijrah (Latin: Hegira), or emigration, to Medina in ad 622.

What are the three main points of Charter of Madina?

The findings of this study emphasize three main aspects, namely, i) the condition of the Medina
city before and after the establishment of the charter, and ii) the relationship of the charter
with heterogeneous society, and iii) the importance of the charter to the Islamic city-state,
especially in Malaysia.

There are many examples in Islamic history of Muslims coexisting with various religious groups.
The Medina Charter, which provided a basis for a city-state between the Muslims and the Jews
in the medieval Muslim city of Medina, was the first written constitution in Islam and the first
documented case of constitutional law. It is also a historical example of conflict resolution in
Islam. This article examines the methods of conflict resolution in the Medina Charter in
comparison with the modern ideas of Western conflict resolution theory—mediation,
fractioning, and focusing on goals and interests as opposed to individual religion, and power-
balancing. The article also addresses the issues of conflict resolution and culture, outlining the
differences between basic Islamic and Western cultural assumptions that in turn shape their
different approaches to conflict mediation. However, in its comparison of the two approaches,
it finds generic, universal assumptions of conflict resolution that persist despite differing
cultural languages. The comparison between the Medina Charter and Western conflict
resolution was conducted with the intent to enlighten current efforts towards mediation
between Muslim societies and other intercultural communities of the globalized world.
Victory of Makkah

Allah Says in the Glorious Quran:

“And what is the matter with you that you spend not in the Cause of Allah? And to Allah
belongs the heritage of the heavens and the earth. Not equal among you are those who spent
and fought before the conquering (of Makkah) (with those among you who did so later). Such
are higher in degree than those who spent and fought afterwards. But to all, Allah has promised
the best (reward). And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.” (Surah Al-Hadid 57:10)

“When comes the Help of Allah [to you, O Muhammad (Peace be upon him) against your
enemies] and the conquest (of Makkah), And you see that the people enter Allah's religion
(Islam) in crowds, So glorify the Praises of your Lord, and ask for His Forgiveness. Verily, He is
the One Who accepts the repentance and forgives. (Surah An-Nasr 110:1-3)

Background:

In the month of Dhul Qadah 6th Hijri (628 CE), the Quraish of Makkah and the Muslim of
Medinah signed a ten-year truce called the Treaty of Al-Hudaybiyah (Sulah Hudaybiayah).

Despite the improved relations between Makkah and Madinah after the signing of the Treaty of
Al Hudaybiyah, the peace was broken by Quraish of Makkah, with their allies the tribe of Bani
Bakr, and attacked the tribe of Khuzaah. Khuzaah were allies of the Muslims and when the
Prophet (S.A.W.) heard of the attack, he (S.A.W.) immediately ordered his companions to
prepare for war.

Muslims started their Journey to Makkah and Prophet's (S.A.W) Breaking of Fast:

On the 10th of Ramadan, 8 AH, the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.), alongwith his 10,000
companions, which was the largest Muslim force ever assembled as of that time, went on their
journey to Makkah
Abu Sufyan Embraces Islam:
Hisham's father, according to Al-Bukhari, narrated that:

When Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.) set out (towards Makkah) during the year of the Conquest (of
Makkah) and this news reached (the infidels of Quraish), Abu Sufyan, Hakim bin Hizam and
Budail bin Warqa came out to gather information about Allah's Messenger (S.A.W.). They
proceeded on their way till they reached a place called ‘Marr-Az-Zahran’ (which is near
Makkah). Behold! There they saw many fires as if they were the fires of Arafat.

Peaceful entry of Muslim Army into Makkah:

There were four entry routes to Makkah through passes in the hills. These were from the north-
west, the south-west, the south, and the north-east. Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) divided the
Muslim army into four groups, one to advance through each pass

Prophet (S.A.W.) entered Kaabah:

‘The Prophet (S.A.W.) arrived (at Makkah) in the year of the Conquest (of Makkah) while Usama
was riding behind him on (his she-camel). Al-Qaswa, Bilal and Uthman bin Talha were
accompanying him. When he made his she-camel kneel down near the Kaaba, he said to
Uthman,

"Get us the key (of the Kaaba).”

He brought the key to him and opened the gate (of the Kaaba), for him. The Prophet, Usama,
Bilal and Uthman (bin Talha) entered the Kaaba and then closed the gate behind them (from
inside). The Prophet (S.A.W.) stayed there for a long period and then came out. The people
rushed to get in, but I (Ibn Umar) went in before them and found Bilal standing behind the gate,
and I said to him,

"Where did the Prophet (S.A.W.) pray?"

He said, "He prayed between those two front pillars."

The Kaaba was built on six pillars, arranged in two rows, and he prayed between the two pillars
of the front row leaving the gate of the Kaaba at his back and facing (in prayer) the wall which
faces one when one enters the Kaaba. Between him and that wall (was the distance of about
three cubits). But I forgot to ask Bilal about the number of rakaat the Prophet (S.A.W.) had
prayed. There was a red piece of marble at the place where he (i.e. the Prophet) had offered
the prayer.

Last sermon of holy prophet:

The Last Sermon Of Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h.) This sermon was delivered on
the Ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah, 10 A.H. ( 623AD) in the Uranah valley of Mount
Arafat in Mecca. It was the occasion of annual rites of Haj. It is also known as the
Farewell Pilgrimage.

What are the main points of last sermon of Holy Prophet?

10 Important Articles Of Prophet (PBUH)'s Last Sermon That Muslims Have

Forgotten

Equality of All Humans. Source: amirite.com. ...

Observance of Rights. ...

Rights to Life. ...

Right of Protection of Property. ...

Rights of Society Members. ...

Rights of Slaves and Servants. ...

Eradication of Lawlessness. ...

Protection Against Economic Exploitation.

23-Apr-2016
This sermon was delivered on the Ninth day of Dhul-Hijjah, 10 A.H. ( 623AD) in the
Uranah valley of Mount Arafat in Mecca. It was the occasion of annual rites of Haj.
It is also known as the Farewell Pilgrimage.

After praising and thanking Allah the Prophet (p.b.u.h.) began with the words:

"O People! Lend me an attentive ear, for I know not whether after this year I shall
ever be amongst you again. Therefore, listen carefully to what I am saying and
take these words to those who could not be present here today."

"O People! just as you regard this month, this day ,this city as sacred ,so regard
the life and property of every Muslim a sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted
to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you.
Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord, and that he will indeed reckon
your deeds."

"Allah has forbidden you to take usury, therefore all interest obligation shall
henceforth be waived. Your capital is yours to keep .You will neither inflict nor
suffer any inequality. Allah has judged that there shall be no interest and that all
interest due to Abbas Ibn 'Aal-Muttalib be waived."

"Every right arising out of homicide in pre-Islamic days is henceforth waived and
the first such right that I waive is that arising from the murder of Rabiah ibni al-
Harithiah."

"O men! the unbelievers indulge in tampering with the calendar in order to make
permissible that which Allah forbade, and to prohibit what Allah has made
permissible. With Allah the months are twelve in number. Four of them are holy,
there are sucessive and one occurs singly between the months of Jumada and
Shaban."

"Beware of Satan, for the safety of your religion. He has lost all hope that he will
be able to lead you astray in big things so beware of following him in small
things."

"O People it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women but
they also have rights over you. Remember that you have taken them as your
wives only under Allah's trust and with His permission. If they abide by your right
then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your
women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed
helpers. And it is your right that they do not make friends with any one of whom
you do not approve, as well never to be unchaste."

"O People! listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your five daily prayers, fast
during month of Ramadan, and give your wealth in Zakat .Perform Haj if you can
afford it."

"All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab
nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a White has no superiority
over a Black nor a Black has any superiority over a White except by piety and good
action. Learn that every Muslim is a brother to every Muslim and that the
Muslims constitute one brotherhood. Nothing shall be legitimate to a Muslim
which belongs to a fellow Muslim unless it was given freely and willingly."
"Do not therefore do injustice to yourselves. Remember one day you will meet
Allah and answer your deeds. So beware, do not astray from the path of
righteousness after I am gone."

"O People! No Prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be
born. Reason well, therefore O People! and understand words that I convey to
you. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and the Sunnah and if you follow
these you will never go astray."

"All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others
again; and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listen
to me directly."

"O Allah, be my witness, that I have conveyed your message to Your people."

As part of this sermon, the prophet recited to them a revelation from Allah, which
he had just received, and which completed the Quran, for it was the last passage
to be revealed:

This day the disbeliever's despair of prevailing against your religion, so fear them
not, but fear Me (Allah)! This day have I perfected for you, your religion and
fulfilled My favor unto you, and it hath been My good pleasure to choose Islam
for you as your religion. (Surah 5, Ayah 3)

The sermon was repeated sentence by sentence by Safwan's brother Rabiah (RA),
who had powerful voice, at the request of the Prophet and he faithfully,
proclaimed to over ten thousand gathered on the occasion. Towards the end of
his sermon, the Prophet asked "O people, have I faithfully delivered unto you my
message?" A powerful murmur of assents "O Allah! yes!"arose from thousands of
pilgrims and the vibrant words "Allahumma Na'm," rolled like thunder throughout
the valley. The Prophet raised his forefinger and said: "O Allah bear witness that I
have conveyed your message to your people."