field study 1

Philosophers and their

PHILOSOPHY
PRESENTED BY:

KYZEL ANN S. DERPO

ARIANNE JEAN FLORES
 PHILOSOPHERS
PLATO KANT

ARISTOTLE NI ETZSCHE

AQUINAS MARX

DESCARTES MI LL

LOCKE wi ttgenstei n

HUME SARTRE
 PLATO
Born in Athens in 428-347 B.C
BORN IN A WEALTHY & INFLUENTIAL FAMILY
He is a student of Socrates
Father of Idealism
Founder of platinum EAST SCHOOL OF
THOUGHT & ACADEMY
PLATO'S CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATIONAL
PLATO'S FAMOUS WORK THOUGHT

"THE
"THE REPUBLIC"
REPUBLIC"
ItItisisaadoctrine
doctrineininwhich
whichhe
hedesigned
designedsociety
societyinin
order
ordertotodiscover
discoverthe
themeaning
meaningofofjustice.
justice.
 AIM OF EDUCATION
total development of man mind body & soul
TO DEVELOP LEADER AMONG FUTURE RULER
to develop hard worker
to develop future civil servants of state
to create and train philosophers
 PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
1. EDUCATION FOR ALL

2. STATE EDUCATION

3. ORGANIZATION AND CURRICULUM

4. WOMEN EDUCATION
5. TEACHING METHODS
FOR PLATO:
If a child is placed in a positive environment,
then it will help shape them into good citizens.
ARISTOTLE
384 b.c - 322 b.c
he is a greek philosopher & polymath
PLATO'S PUPIL
STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY PLATO'S IDEAS
father of realism
establish his own school "lyceum"
 Aim of Education
• He believed in the purposefulness of education.
• He believed in the attainment of happiness or goodness in life

Scheme of Education
• He believes that the education of the early childhood period should be the
responsibility of the parents.
Aristotle

Aristotle recognized the importance of early childhood as a formative

period of human development.
he enforces and strengthens moral education
Like Plato, he also stresses ‘gymnastic’.
He recommends the teaching of ‘mathematics’ for higher education.
He considers music and literature useful for moral and intellectual
development at an early stage of education.
THOMAS AQUINAS
1225 - 1274
Italian Dominican theologian
one of the most influential medieval thinkers
of Scholasticism
father of the Thomistic school of theology
dualism
the universal teacher
FOR AQUINAS
God is the central aim of education and He is at once our
Teacher.

CONTRIBUTION TO EDUCATION
THE SCHOLASTIC OF PHILOSOPHY
TREATISE ON EDUCATION
CONCERNING THE TEACHER
RENÉ DESCARTES

1596-1650
FRENCH catholic PHILOSOPHER, scientist &
mathematician
FATHER OF MODERN WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Frances greatest philosopher
HE IS AN IDEALIST
FOR DESCARTES
THE GOAL OF EDUCATION WOULD BE FOR AN INDIVIDUAL NOT TO ACCEPT WHAT WAS
HEARD OR READ WITHOUT EXTENSIVELY QUESTIONING.

ACCORDING TO DESCARTES...
education involves certainty, universally valid truth, and indomitability
HE IS FAVOR IN STUDENT-CENTERED SCHOOLING
IN TERMS OF CURRICULUM, HE EMPHASIZED MATHEMATICAL & SCIENTIFIC FIELDS OF STUDY.
HE ASSERTS EDUCATION IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE ON AN INTERNAL
 JOHN LOCKE
1632-1704
ENGLISH PHILOSOPHER & PHYSICIAN
Most Influential of Enlightenment Thinkers
Father of Classical Liberalism
Founder of Empirical Psychology
 "AN ESSAY CONCERNING
HUMAN UNDERSTANDING"
1960

TABULA RASA:
BLANK STATE
"PROPER EDUCATION BEGAN
IN EARLY CHILDHOOD"
JOHN LOCKE'S VIEW
CHILDREN SHOULD TAKE BREATHE OF FRESH AIR
HAVE SUFFICIENT SEEP
EAT HEALTHY & SIMPLE FOOD
BATH REGULARLY
EXERCISE FREQUENTLY
AND HAVE TIME FOR RECREATION & PLAY
ACCORDING TO LOCKE
LEARNING SHOULD BE IN A GRADUAL PROCESS OF INSTRUCTION
 DAVID HUME
1711-1776
SCOTTISH ENLIGHTENMENT, PHILOSOPHER,
ECONOMIST, LIBRARIAN & ESSAYIST
HE IS AN 18TH-CENTURY WRITER
KNOWN AS philosophical empiricism,
skepticism, and naturalism.
HUME IN EDUCATION
HE ARGUES, "ANYTHING WE CAN SAY ABOUT THE WORLD IS A MATTER
OF FACT, THUS CAN BE JUSTIFIED ONLY THROUGH EXPERIENCE, AND CAN
BE DENIED WITHOUT CONTRADICTION".
"EXPERIENCES CAN TEACH ANYTHING ABOUT FUTURE"
IMMANUEL KANT
1724-1804
German philosopher
a central figure in modern philosophy
professor of logic and metaphysics
He represent Deontological ethics
 WORKS
The Critique of Pure Reason (1781)
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785)
Critique of Practical (1788)
The Critique of Judgement (1790)
KANT IN EDUCATION
education is related closely to person nature.
Metaphysics of morals
he separated education into two moral and physical
education
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE
1844-1900
German classical scholar, philosopher, and
critic of culture
one of the most influential of all thinkers
his philosophy is mainly referred to as "
Existentialism".
 WORKS
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
On the Genealogy of Morality (1887)
God is Dead
Beyond Good and Evil
On the Future of Our Educational Institutions
The Gay Science
FOR NIETZSCHE
Education in modernity is a lost cause.

NIETZSCHE'S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES

perspectivism
self-overcoming
ressentiment
noble culture
 KARL MARX
1818-1883
German philosopher, economist, historian,
sociologist, political theorist, journalist, and
socialist.
famous advocate for communism
father of communism
 WORKS
The Communist manifesto and the four-volume Das Kapital
(1867-1883).
Economic and Philosophic manuscript of 1844
FOR MARX
education promotes conformity and passivity
education justifies capitalism and legitimized inequalities
 JOHN STUART MILL
1806-1873
English philosopher, political economist
member of parliament and civil servant
one of the most influential thinkers in the history of
classical liberalism
he believed in the philosophy of utilitarianism
 WORKS
System of Logic (1843)
On Liberty (1859)
Utilitarianism (1861)
An Examination of Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy (1865)
JOHN STUART MILL'S OPINION ABOUT EDUCATION
AND PROMOTING THE ROLE OF EDUCATION
the right to learn, to approach, and general education is one of the
human rights of liberty.
education is a condition for individuals to be able to protect their
rights of liberty.
education plays an important role in building democracy
LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN
1889-1951
Austrian-British philosopher
the greatest philosopher of the 20th century
invented the truth table
he works primarily in logic, the philosophy of
mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and language
 WORKS
TRACTATUS LOGICA PHILOSOPHICUS (1921)
PHILOSOPHICAL INVESTIGATION (1953)
 WITTGENSTEIN IN EDUCATION
A philosopher who often uses educational situations to
examine philosophical puzzles.
developed language game
 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
1905-1980
A FRENCH PLAYWRIGHT, NOVELIST, SCREENWRITER,
POLITICAL ACTIVIST, BIOGRAPHER, AND LITERARY CRITIC
one of the key figures in philosophy of
existentialism
 WORKS
NAUSEA (1938)
BEING AND NOTHINGNESS (1943)
EXISTENTIALISM AND HUMANISM (1946)
 SARTRE IN EDUCATION
education intrinsically geared to the needs of the individual
Fostering unique qualities and cultivating individualities
Development of complete man
Becoming of a human person
Leading a good life
Fostering of values
field study 1

thank you!
field study 1 REFERENCES
HTTPS://IEP.UTM.EDU/KANTVIEW/#:~:TEXT=KANT'S%20ETHICS%20ARE%20ORGANIZED%20AROUND,THAT%20COULD%20HOLD%20FOR%20EVERYONE

HTTP://PUBS.SCIEPUB.COM/EDUCATION/6/5/33/INDEX.HTML#:~:TEXT=JOHN%20STUART%20MILL%20EMPHASIZED%20THE,WISER%20WHEN%20CHOOSIN
G%20THEIR%20REPRESENTATIVES

HTTPS://WWW.REVISTA-ANGLO-SAXONICA.ORG/ARTICLES/10.5334/AS.44/#:~:TEXT=ABSTRACT,THE%20FUTURE%20PROGRESS%20OF%20MANKIND