Name: Managuelod, Pio Leoncio M.

III Date Performed: 9/11/2022 Section: B03

Course: CHE150L Date Submitted: 9/14/2022 Instructor: Meg Anne Santos

EXPERIMENT 3
Manufacture of
Paper Report
Sheet

Weight of Paper, g 120

Weight of pulp, g 539.4
Weight of dried paper, g 5.9

Dimensions of dried paper, in cm x cm 20.32 x 15.24

Density of paper produced 0.272
Thickness of paper produced mm 0.07

1. Describe the quality of the paper produced

The paper produced had a rough texture and is thicker than the usual paper we use. Since it is thick,
the paper can’t be easily pierced through, and it is not see-through.

2. What are the factors which affect the quality and recovery of paper from its raw material?
The main factor that affects the overall quality and recovery of the paper is by which type of pulping
is performed. Mainly, mechanical pulping and chemical pulping are the two choices where mechanical
pulping involves mechanical methods of separating wood into pulps, while chemical pulping involves
the use of chemicals to extract the cellulose from the wood through dissolving lignin. In comparison
between the two, the chemical pulping method produces a higher yield and quality product in
comparison to the mechanical pulping.

3. What is the kraft process? Sulfite process?

In the kraft process, several chemicals are used such as sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide
mixed in hot water, while the sulfite process treats the wood chips with either sulfite or
bisulfite salts. The main differences between the two is that the kraft pulping generally
produces weak cellulose fibers and is comparatively less efficient than the sulfite process
which produces stronger cellulose fibers. Additionally, the kraft process produces a harmful
chemical called “black liquor” which can damage the environment. In contrast, the sulfite
process has less environmental impact.

4. What additives are mixed with the pulp? What are the functions of these additives?
Examples of additives are titanium dioxide (which gives a smoother surface), calcium
carbonate (improves the opacity and whiteness), and carboxymethyl cellulose powder
granules which improves the strength of the paper fibers.

5. What are the types of paper? How do they differ from each other?
The main types of paper are bond, gloss coated, matt coated, recycled, silk coated, uncoated, and
watermark paper. In bond paper, this type is generally stronger and more durable and is primarily
composed of rag pulp. Gloss coated and matt coated are different in a sense that gloss coated is shiny
while matt coated is glossy but not shiny. Recycled paper is made from reused paper. Silk coated has
a smooth texture without shine. Uncoated paper is a type of paper primarily used for printers. Lastly,
watermarked paper has a luxurious quality as it has a certain pattern embedded into the paper which
is hard to replicate. The purpose of the embedded pattern is to act as a security feature.

6. What are the similarities and differences in the process of home made paper vs industrially
manufactured paper?
The main similarity in the process of making homemade paper vs industrially manufactured paper is
the pulping, washing, and bleaching process. These process are essentially similar where the industrial
process is mainly scaled up. The main difference is the processes after bleaching. In the homemade
process, pressing is done to remove excess moisture from the paper to speed up the drying process.
In the industrial process, additional steps are done such as refining, beating, and sizing where it gives
great emphasis on the quality of paper produced while the homemade process generally does not
focus on quality.