Dave Karl M.

Janipin 09/13/2022
BSCE - CEM 3A Quiz 4

Name, describe and distinguish between types of electrical circuits and

compute circuit loads. give atleast 5 examples for each type.

ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

Close Circuits - refers to a load that operates independently within a circuit.

In this case, the load determines the value of the current flow.
Examples :
- A Flashlight is ON.
- When you have a camera directly connected to a TV on the property that
shows images from the video camera.
- A camera installed to monitor crowd behavior
- Battery
- PVC cell

Open Circuits - when there is a faulty electrical wire or electronic

component in a circuit or the switch is OFF, then it is called Open Circuit.
Examples :
-A bulb power with a battery controlled by a switch.
-A string of electric lights that don't work if one bulb goes out.
- The circuit of lamp with switch in OFF state.
-A flashlight that is off.
-Unplugged Wires

Short Circuits - is when there is a low resistance connection between two

conductors that are supplying electrical power to a circuit. This would
generate an excess of voltage streaming and cause excessive flow of
current in the power source. The electricity will flow through a ‘short’ route
and cause a short circuit.
Examples :
- Water or other fluids encountering electrical wiring.
- Vermin or pests chewing through wires
- Old or damaged outlets, switches, lights, appliances, or other electrical
devices
- Deterioration of electrical cable sheathing
- Loose connections in an electrical box

Series Circuits - When 2 or more loads Bulbs are connected to each other
in a series, then it is called a Series Circuit. In a series circuit, if one load or
bulb gets fuse, then rest of the bulbs will not get power supply and will not
glow.

Examples : Water Heater, Flashlight, Well Water Pump, Freezers, and

Refrigerators
Dave Karl M. Janipin 09/13/2022
BSCE - CEM 3A Quiz 4

Parallel Circuits - A parallel circuit is one in which two or more loads such
as bulbs are connected to one another in series. All loads in this kind of
circuit must have a voltage capacity that is equivalent to the input supply.
Different load powers are possible. If one load or bulb in a parallel circuit
blows a fuse, the remaining lights will still receive power and continue to
glow.
Examples :
- Wiring of Car headlights
- Wiring of speaker
- Christmas Lights
- Plug sockets/outlets
-Alarm system

COMPUTER CIRCUIT LOADS

TYPES OF COMPUTER CIRCUIT LOADS

RESISTIVE LOADS - loads consisting of any heating element are classified

as resistive loads. These include incandescent lights, toasters, ovens, space
heaters and coffee makers. A load that draws current in a sinusoidal waxing-
and-waning pattern in concert with a sinusoidal variation in voltage – that is,
the maximum, minimum and zero points of the voltage and current values
over time line up – is a purely resistive one and includes no other elements.

Examples : Iron Box, Geyser, Heater, Domestic Boiler, & Electric Stove

INDUCTIVE LOADS - loads that power electrical motors are inductive loads.
These are found in a variety of household items and devices with moving
parts, including fans, vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, washing machines and
the compressors in refrigerators and air conditioners. In contrast to resistive
loads, in a purely inductive load, current follows a sinusoidal pattern that
peaks after the voltage sine wave peaks, so the maximum, minimum and
zero points are out of phase.

Examples : Motors, Transformers, Arc furnaces , Generators, & Solenoid

valve

CAPACITIVE LOADS - In a capacitive load, current and voltage are out of

phase as with an inductive load. The difference is that in the case of a
capacitive load, the current reaches its maximum value before the voltage
does. The current waveform leads the voltage waveform, but in an inductive
load, the current waveform lags it.

Examples : Battery Bank, Capacitor Bank, Buried Cables, Synchronous

Condenser, & capacitors used in various circuits such as motor starters